RU2522799C1 - Press-rolling unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: press-rolling unit comprises tapered rollers above which a loading hopper is set. A deagglomerating device consisting of a jaw mechanism and additional rollers is installed under the rollers. The additional rollers are characterised by an inverse cone and are coupled pairwise with the main tapered rollers by rods. The rods are fixed pivotally in the centre of their length according to a rocker arm system. The rods are fitted with longitudinal slots in the places where they are coupled to the roller shafts.

EFFECT: invention provides for increased deagglomeration efficiency and efficiency of the crushed material classification.

4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for processing small-sized materials by pressure, including those having an anisotropic structure, including quartzite sandstone, basalt waste, slate, slag waste and others, and can be used in various industries of building materials: cement, ceramic, glass, paintwork and others at the stage of preliminary grinding of materials.

Known press roller grinders in which the material is crushed between two rolls rotating towards each other, and various technological methods are used to increase the degree of grinding of materials and the homogeneity of the crushed product: preliminary compaction of the crushed material, various configurations of the working surface of the rollers to increase the coefficient of friction of the material with the rollers , uniform distribution of material across the width of the rolls, an increase in volume-shear deformation due to changes neniya geometric profile of the rolls (tapered rolls) et al. (Russian Federation Patent 2412763, 27.02.2011, patent of RF 2340398, 10.12.2008).

Nevertheless, the use of existing grinders does not fully implement the conditions for rational stepwise destruction of the material, especially ensuring its de-agglomeration, necessary for the selection of the finished product from the material and subsequent grinding of the remaining charge in other units.

The closest solution to the technical nature and the achieved effect is a press roll unit with a device for deagglomeration of material, containing conical rolls installed under the loading hopper and a vibrating deagglomeration device mounted under them, including a design made in the form of a sharp protrusion pivotally mounted in the lower space between the rolls (RF patent 2412763, published February 27, 2011).

The disadvantages of this device include: low deagglomeration of compressed materials, because the deagglomeration vibration device is not adapted to change the thickness of the pressed plates, which in a real process depends on the size of all pieces of material and on their properties (hardness, strength, etc.);

- the design of the deagglomeration device does not allow to direct the efforts of the deagglomeration in the direction opposite to the direction of pressing by the rolls, which reduces the efficiency of the deagglomeration of the material and the subsequent quality of its separation.

The invention is aimed at increasing the efficiency of deagglomeration of a mixture of material compressed in a press-roll grinder, including with an anisotropic structure, which will allow more efficient classification.

гдеThis goal is achieved by the fact that in the press roll unit under the main conical rolls there is a deagglomeration device consisting of a jaw mechanism and additional rolls having a return cone of the same width, and their peripheral speed and diameters are connected with the main conical rolls of the press roll unit so that the peripheral speed of the additional rolls is not less than the speed of movement of the compressed material mixture emerging from the main rolls, and the gap between the additional mi rolls is equal to $$a_{\text{additional}\ge }\frac{\rho {}_{\text{press}}\cdot \sigma {}_{\text{t}\text{. tapes}}}{\rho {}_{\text{des}}},$$

Where

ρ _press is the density of the compressed material, σ _tents are the thickness of the material tape, ρ _des is the density of the material after deagglomeration.

The developed technical solution has the following cost-effective technological advantage: it provides high-quality deagglomeration of the material crushed and pressed in the rolls, which allows more complete removal of the finished product after the first grinding stage in the press-roll unit and reveals microcracks of the deformed material and thereby reduce energy consumption in the subsequent grinding stages. The invention is illustrated in graphic materials.

Figure 1 presents a diagram of a press-roll unit for grinding small pieces, including anisotropic; figure 2 is a section along aa, figure 3 is a section along bb, figure 4 is the dependence of the installation width of the movable cheeks on the diameters of the rolls.

The press roll assembly is mounted on the frame and contains conical rolls 1. Above the rolls 1 is a feed hopper 2, and a deagglomerating device is installed under them, which consists of a jaw mechanism and additional rolls 3. The jaw mechanism consists of two cheeks 4 mounted at an angle 4, ( the angle can be any, depending on the type of material being ground), with protrusions of a needle-like shape. The cheeks are hinged, for example, on the axes located in the bearing supports, mounted on the side plates 5, which also prevent the material from spilling out of the deagglomeration zone, and the distance between the upper parts of the cheeks should be at least

H = a + D - d / 2, where H is the distance between the upper parts of the cheeks, a is the gap between the conical rolls, D and d are the diameters of the conical rolls.

гдеIn addition to the movable cheeks 4, the jaw mechanism also includes a drive eccentric shaft 6 and a spacer plate 7 connecting them to each other, which also acts as a safety device in case of exceeding the maximum allowable load on the elements that make up the jaw mechanism (for example, the ingress of an unbreakable piece) . The additional rollers 3 have a reverse cone, they are connected in pairs with the main conical rollers 1 by rods 8 in order to create a kinematic connection that will automatically change it in the additional rollers 3 with a change in the gap in the main rollers 1. This is necessary to ensure the throughput of the additional rollers . The rods 8 are pivotally fixed in the center of their length according to the “rocker” system (which ensures the same change in the gaps between the main and additional rolls), and at the junction of them with the roll shafts there are longitudinal slots for moving the main and additional rolls along the guides 9. Additional rolls 3 have a width equal to the main conical rolls 1, and their rotation speed is related to the main conical rolls of the press-roll aggregate so that the peripheral speed of the additional rolls 3 is e is less than the velocity of exiting the main rolls 1 compressed batch material, wherein a gap between the additional roll 3 must be less than the relation $$a_{\text{additional}\ge }\frac{\rho {}_{\text{press}}\cdot \sigma {}_{\text{t}\text{. tapes}}}{\rho {}_{\text{des}}},$$

Where

_press ρ - density of compacted material, σ _t.lenty - tape thickness, ρ _des - density of the material after disintegration.

This requirement is explained by the fact that the volume of compressed material that emerged from the conical rolls and passes through the jaw mechanism is a charge having inclusions of undeagglomerated plates, which should finally collapse between additional rolls capable of passing this volume of material. In the event that a _{dc is} less than the specified condition, excess material can accumulate above the additional rolls, which will lead to its accumulation over the additional rolls and deterioration of the efficiency of the unit.

To create the necessary pressure in the roll space, the springs 10 are attached to the axes of the main conical rolls through the bearing supports.

Press roll unit for grinding anisatropic materials works as follows. The feed hopper 2 is fed with the original small-sized material, for example, shale, quartzite sandstone, slag waste, etc. There, under the influence of gravity, the material moves down, where it is captured by the surface of the conical rolls 1. The captured material is pre-compacted, and thanks to the conical shape of the rolls, it is evenly distributed over their width, after which it is sent to the roll space, where the crushing-shear deformation of the material is most effectively realized. At the exit from the roll space, we obtain material in the form of pressed plates with a profile corresponding to the profile of the conical rolls 1, which, falling between two movable cheeks 4, breaks into smaller parts, as a result of which it can be further captured by additional rolls 3. In the deagglomerating device, additional rolls 3 are a structural element, due to which the final high-quality de-agglomeration of the material crushed and pressed in the rolls occurs, which allows more completely remove the finished product after the first grinding stage in a press-roll unit and reveal microcracks of the material, thereby reducing energy consumption in the subsequent grinding stages. This effect is achieved due to the fact that the provision of repeated force impact on the pressed plates of the material having a microdefective structure, in the direction of application of forces opposite to the original (due to the inverse cone of additional rolls), allows to obtain the material of the required quality.

Thus, the proposed design of the press-roll unit provides high-quality deagglomeration of the material crushed and pressed in the rolls, which allows more complete removal of the finished product and reduce energy consumption in the subsequent stages of grinding.

Claims (4)

1. Press roller assembly containing conical rollers, over which the loading hopper is located, and a deagglomerating device is installed under the rollers, characterized in that the deagglomerating device consists of a jaw mechanism and additional rollers having a reverse cone, which are connected in pairs with the main conical rollers by rods pivotally fixed in the center of its length according to the rocker system, and at the junction of them with the roll shafts there are longitudinal slots. 2. The press roll assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional rolls have a width equal to the conical rolls, and their rotation speed is related to the main conical rolls of the press roll assembly so that the peripheral speed of the additional rolls is not less than the speed of movement emerging from the main rolls of the compressed mixture of material, and the gap between the additional rollers should be at least the ratio $$a_{\text{additional}\ge }\frac{\rho {}_{\text{press}}\cdot \sigma {}_{\text{t}\text{. tapes}}}{\rho {}_{\text{des}}},$$

, where ρ _press is the density of the pressed material, σ _tents are the thickness of the material tape, ρ _des is the density of the material after deagglomeration. 3. The press-roll assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the jaw mechanism consists of two cheeks set at an angle with protrusions of a needle-shaped shape, and the distance between the upper parts of the plates should be at least H = a + Dd / 2, where H - the distance between the upper parts of the cheeks, a is the gap between the conical rolls, D and d are the diameters of the conical rolls. 4. The press-roll assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the rods are located on both sides of the rolls, and plates are installed on the sides of the jaw mechanism.

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