RU2250135C1 - Roll type disintegrating apparatus for disagglomeration of materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: disintegration of small lump materials.

SUBSTANCE: roll type disintegrating apparatus includes charging hopper, eccentrically mounted cylindrical rolls and apparatus mounted under cylindrical rolls in shock absorbers and having in mean portion pointed protrusion turned upwards by its apex and having curvilinear lateral surfaces. Apparatus includes two rolls arranged symmetrically relative to pointed protrusion along lower part of lateral surface and mounted eccentrically; disagglomeration roller tables consisting of cylindrical rollers mounted with gap and having developed working surface. In lower part of discharging device roller tables are jointly connected through vibration trough with horizontally arranged vibrating plate having central opening under which screen is mounted. Apparatus also includes device for returning material that is not sufficiently disintegrated to inter-roll space.

EFFECT: enhanced disintegration degree of materials.

4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for processing small-sized materials by pressure, in particular for grinding cement clinker, chalk, limestone, gypsum and other materials, and can be used in various industries of building materials, cement, ceramic, in the manufacture of finishing materials, etc.

Known roller grinders in which the material is crushed between two rolls rotating towards each other, and various technological methods are used to increase the degree of grinding: preliminary compaction of the crushed material, various configurations of the working surface of the rolls to increase the coefficient of friction of the material with the rollers, uniform distribution of material across the width of the rolls , an increase in volume-shear deformation due to a change in the geometric profile of the rolls (conical rolls) et al. (RU 2116129 C2, 1996).

Nevertheless, the use of existing grinders does not fully implement the conditions for the rational destruction of the material, especially to ensure the microdefect structure necessary for subsequent ultrafine grinding.

The closest solution in terms of technical nature and the achieved effect is a roll crusher containing a loading hopper, cylindrical rolls and a plate device mounted under the shock absorbers under the latter, made with straight sections adjacent to the curved side surfaces of the sharp protrusion located in the middle of the plate under the centers of the rolls (SU 1301486 A, 1983).

The disadvantages of this device include:

- a low degree of grinding of the material in cylindrical rolls, which provide only crushing effect without crushing-shear deformation;

- the lack of deagglomeration of pressed plates of crushed material;

- the lack of a mechanism for the return of under-ground material into the mill roll space and the subsequent classification of the ground product;

- hang chopped charge at the walls of the hopper and the uneven distribution of material across the width of the rolls.

The invention provides for an increase in the degree of grinding of the material with the formation of a microdefective structure in the particles of the material, deagglomeration of the pressed plates of the crushed material and its classification.

This is achieved by the fact that in a roller grinder containing a loading hopper mounted above the cylindrical rolls and a device mounted under them on the shock absorbers, having in the middle part an upward pointed protrusion with curved side surfaces, characterized in that the device mounted on the shock absorbers with a sharp protrusion of two eccentrically mounted rolls disposed symmetrically with respect to the sharp protrusion along the lower part of the side surface hinges connected to a movable and spring-mounted sharp protrusion pivotally, the deagglomerating roller tables made up of cylindrical rollers fixed with a gap between each other with a developed working surface, and in the lower part of the unloading device the desagglomerating roller tables are pivotally connected to a horizontally mounted vibrating plate having a central vibrating plate parts of the discharge hole, under which there is an inclined screen, rigidly connected with a vibrating plate, to which In addition, in the support nodes that are extreme in the direction of the material movement, they are supported by roller table shock absorbers, while the chopper contains a device fixed in shock absorbers to return the under-crushed material to the roll space, consisting of two endless flexible tapes covering a number of rollers symmetrically enveloping the lateral outer parts of the rolls in such a way that in each endless flexible tape, the first roller in the direction of movement of the material is mated to the last cylindrical roller of the deagglomerating roller table a, located under the respective flexible endless belt roller, and the latter in the course of movement of the material is pressed against the platen roller, and is kinematically connected to the movable cheek located on a respective flexible endless belt and the roller attached to the hopper.

The eccentricity of the rolls can be e ₁ = (0.005-0.01) D, where D is the diameter of the rolls.

In the roller grinder, the developed working surface of the rollers of the deagglomerating live rolls can be made in the form of alternating teeth and brushes.

The last rollers of the device for returning the underfinished material to the roll space are set with eccentricity, which can be determined by the condition e ₂ ≤ 0.7e ₁ , where e ₁ is the eccentricity of the grinder rolls, e ₂ is the eccentricity of the rollers of the device for returning the unfinished material into the roll space.

The developed technical solution has the following structural and technological advantages.

The implementation of crushing-shear deformation of the crushed material in the roll space and providing a microdefective particle structure due to the complex movement of the rolls.

The periodic distribution of the pressed plates of crushed material along both branches of the deagglomerating live rolls due to eccentrically installed rolls and vibration exposure of the sharp protrusion with curved side surfaces.

Effective destruction of the material plates due to the different configuration of the destructive elements of the working surface of the rollers of the deagglomerating live rolls.

The ability to classify the material both at the stage of its deagglomeration and at the screen kinematically connected through a vibrating plate with deagglomerating roller tables.

Possibility of returning under-ground material to the roll space.

The exception of the hanging of the charge at the walls of the loading hopper and the uniform distribution of material along the width of the rolls.

In Fig.1 - presents a diagram of the press roll grinder; figure 2 - loading hopper with movable cheeks; figure 3 - shows the rollers of the deagglomerating live rolls with different configurations of the developed working surface; figure 4 is a vibratory chute and screen.

The roll grinder consists of a pair of eccentrically installed rolls 1, 2 (Fig. 1). The eccentricity of the rolls can be e ₁ = (0.005-0.01) D, where D is the diameter of the rolls. Above the rolls there is a loading hopper 3 with movable cheeks 4 (Fig. 1) inside for uniform distribution of material across the width of the rolls. Moreover, in the upper part they are fixed using, for example, a spherical tip 5 (Fig. 2) on the end walls of the hopper 3, and in the lower part by means of a hinged support 6 (Fig. 2) are mounted with eccentricity on the rollers 7 (Fig. .1, 2) of devices 8 (FIG. 1) for returning under-ground material to the roll space. These devices are mounted on shock-absorbing supports 9 (Fig. 1) and consist of spacers located at a certain distance, depending on the diameter of the chopper rolls, extreme tension rollers 7, 10 (Fig. 1) and rollers 11 (Fig. 1), pressing endless flexible tapes 12 (FIGS. 1, 2) to the rolls 1, 2. The rollers are fixed, for example, on the axes in the metal housing of the device for returning the under-ground material to the roll space. The eccentricity of the rollers connected to the movable cheeks can be determined by the condition e ₂ ≤ 0.7e ₁ , where e ₁ is the eccentricity of the rolls, e ₂ is the eccentricity of the cheek rollers. Under the eccentrically mounted rolls 1, 2 on the shock absorbers 19 (Fig. 1), a device is mounted having in the middle part a sharp protrusion directed upward 18 (Fig. 1). The device is made of two symmetrically relative to the sharp protrusion of the disagglomerating live rolls 12 (Fig. 1), composed of cylindrical rollers 13 (Fig. 1), which are made with a developed working surface and secured with a gap between them equal to the average particle diameter of the crushed material. The working surface of the cylindrical rollers can be made in the form of alternating teeth 15 (figure 3) and brushes 16 (figure 3). The size of the gap between the rollers of the deagglomerating live rolls is determined by the output size of the material. The deagglomerating roller tables are connected in the center of the grinder using a hinge 17 (Fig. 1), made, for example, in the form of a round metal rod fixed in a support bearing, movably mounted in the lower part of the rolls, for example, on racks welded to a spring-loaded unloading device sharp protrusion 18 (figure 1). The chopper contains a device 8 fixed in the shock absorbing supports 9 for returning the under-crushed material into the roll space, consisting of two endless flexible tapes covering a number of rollers 7, 10, 11, symmetrically enveloping the lateral outer parts of the rolls in such a way that in each endless flexible tape the first in the process of moving the roller is connected with the last cylindrical roller 22 (Fig. 1) of a deagglomerating roller table located under the corresponding endless flexible tape by the roller, and the latter in the direction of movement of the material and pressed against the platen roller 7 and kinematically, for example by means of metal rods connected to the movable cheek 4, located above the respective endless flexible tape roll and fixed in the hopper. In the lower part of the unloading device, the deagglomerating roller tables, in addition, in the extreme support nodes 21 (Fig. 1) are supported on a horizontal vibrating plate on shock absorbers 19 (Fig. 1), on a horizontal vibrating plate 20 (Fig. 1) in the extreme supporting nodes 21 (figure 1). Moreover, for example, in these nodes, the last cylindrical rollers 22 in the direction of movement of the material (Fig. 1) are coupled with endless flexible ribbons 12 enveloping the side surface of the rolls, which return the underfinished material to the roll space. A screen 24 installed at the bottom of the discharge device (FIG. 1), the screening surface 25 (FIG. 4) of which is fixed obliquely along the axis of the rolls, is rigidly connected to the vibrating plate, for example, by welding. To regulate the gap between the rollers and deagglomerating rolling tables are used screw mechanisms 26 (figure 1). The size of the gap is selected depending on the requirements for the size of the finished product. The vibrating plate mounted on the springs 27 (Fig. 1) has two sources of vibrations 28 (Fig. 1), made, for example, in the form of eccentric vibrators mounted symmetrically relative to the center of the vibrating plate. Under the screening surface of the screen 24 is an unloading hopper 29 (Fig. 4) mounted above the conveyor 30 (Fig. 4) for the finished product. Conveyor 31 (figure 4) for removing substandard product is placed under the lower end of the screen. An unloading hopper with a conveyor is not part of the roller grinder and is given to complete the process.

Roller chopper works as follows. An initial small-sized material, for example, clinker, is fed into the loading hopper 3, which, due to the complex movement of the movable cheeks 4 with the maximum oscillation amplitude at their lower edges, is distributed along the width of the hopper and uniformly fed into the narrowing gap between the cylindrical rolls 1, 2. Eccentrically mounted rolls with eccentricity e ₁ , in the proposed solution, equal to e ₁ = 5 mm, crush-shear deformation of the material is realized and a microdefective particle structure is created. To ensure more efficient operation of the roll grinder, it is recommended to observe the conditions: e ₁ = (0.005-0.01) D, where D is the diameter of the rolls; e ₂ ≤ 0.7e ₁ , where e ₁ is the eccentricity of the rollers, e ₂ is the eccentricity of the rollers of the cheeks. Moreover, for given roll diameters, it is recommended to observe the condition 0.005D <e ₁ <0.01D. If e ₁ <0.005D, then the efficiency of creating a microdefective structure (crush-shear deformation) of particles is not high enough. In addition, the distribution of the pressed plate along both deagglomerating roller tables is not enough. When e ₁ > 0.001D, there is a slight decrease in the efficiency of the device for returning the under-crushed material into the roll space and the probability of collision of rolls 1, 2 with rollers of deagglomerating roller tables increases. The above expression e ₂ ≤ 0.7e ₁ determines the most rational value of the stroke of the movable cheeks. When e ₂ > 0.7 e ₁ , a significant moment of resistance to rolling friction of eccentrically installed device rollers arises for returning the under-ground material to the roll space about the surface of the aggregate rolls.

The crushing force arises due to the normal stress generated between the rollers rotating towards each other. The abrasive force arises due to the difference in the peripheral speeds of the rolls at each point of the roll space V ₁ -V ₂ = π n (D ₁ -D ₂ ), where n = n ₁ = n ₂ = const, D ₁ , D ₂ are the diameters of the rolls, respectively at the selected point. In this regard, crushing-shear deformation of the crushed materials is ensured with a gain in the values of the total breaking forces with tangential stresses, which, with lesser efforts (tension, not compression), ensures the destruction of the crushed material, as well as the creation of a microdefective particle structure. After grinding, the material in the form of a compressed plate is partially destroyed by a spring-loaded sharp spring 18 with curved side surfaces with a vibrating in the vertical plane. Due to this, the pieces of the plate are evenly distributed on the left and right deagglomerating roller tables 14, which vibrate within certain limits in the vertical plane. Eccentrically installed rolls 1, 2, making a complex movement, due to friction forces push pieces of the pressed plate along the rotating cylindrical rollers 13 (Figs. 1, 3) of deagglomerating roller tables. When using deagglomerating live rolls consisting of cylindrical rollers fixed in parallel and with a gap between each other, with a developed working surface, pieces of the pressed plate are deagglomerated to particle sizes with an average diameter d due to the action of eccentrically installed rolls and a developed working surface of the rollers. If the working surface is made, for example, in the form of alternating teeth 15 (Fig. 3) and brushes 16 (Fig. 3), then the pressed plates are de-agglomerated more efficiently. The particles thus obtained due to the vibrating effect, as well as the rotation of the cylindrical rollers wake up between the teeth and brushes of the deagglomerating roller tables. Further, the particles of the material enter through the vibratory chute 23 (Fig. 1) and the discharge opening 32 (Fig. 1) onto an inclined screen 24, where a large fraction of the material sent to the pre-screen is screened by means of a conveyor 31 (Fig. 4). The upper end of the screen is rigidly connected, for example by welding, to the vibrating plate, and the lower end is connected to the discharge hopper 29. After deagglomeration of the compressed plate, particles of unmilled material that have not passed through the deagglomerating roller tables are carried away by the envelope surfaces of the rolls with endless flexible bands 12 (Fig. 1 ) The latter are pressed against the rolls by rollers 11 and pulled by rollers 7, 10. Due to the arising friction forces on the roll, the endless flexible tape 12 moves and moves the underfinished material along the surface of the rolls into the roll space. Last along the movement of the material eccentrically installed rollers 7 (figure 1), in contact with the working surface of the rolls of the grinder 1, 2 (figure 1), rotate, providing oscillatory movement of the movable cheeks 4 (figure 1) located inside the hopper. The lower ends of the cheeks are connected by means of hinged supports 6 to the rollers 7, and the upper ends are not rigidly mounted, for example, with a ball tip, on the walls of the loading hopper 3.

After the screen 24, the finished product enters the discharge hopper 29 (Fig. 4), from where it is sent via the conveyor 30 for further processing.

Thus, the proposed design of the roller grinder provides the implementation of crushing-shear deformation of the crushed material, which leads to the formation of a microdefect structure in the material, due to which energy is saved during further technological processing of the obtained product; deagglomeration of the pressed plates of the crushed material with its subsequent classification and recycling; reduction in total energy consumption for grinding compared with the prototype.

Claims (4)

1. A roll shredder comprising a loading hopper mounted above the cylindrical rolls and a device mounted under them on the shock absorbers, having in the middle part a sharp protrusion directed upward with curved side surfaces, characterized in that the device mounted on the shock absorbers with a sharp protrusion is made of two symmetrically arranged relatively sharp protrusion along the lower part of the lateral surface of eccentrically installed rolls, deagglomerating roller tables connected to movably and spring-loaded with a sharp protrusion pivotally, the deagglomerating roller tables made up of cylindrical rollers fixed with a gap between each other with a developed working surface, and in the lower part of the unloading device the desagglomerating roller tables are pivotally connected to a horizontally mounted vibrating plate having a discharge opening in the central part, beneath which is an inclined screen rigidly connected to a vibrating plate, on which, in addition, in extreme the support nodes rely on the shock absorbers of the rolling table as the material moves, the chopper contains a device fixed in the shock absorbers for returning the underfinished material to the roll space, consisting of two endless flexible tapes covering a number of rollers symmetrically enveloping the lateral outer parts of the rolls in such a way that each endless flexible tape, the first roller in the direction of movement of the material is paired with the last cylindrical roller of the deagglomerating roller table located under the corresponding infinite flexible tape roll, and the last roller in the direction of the material movement is pressed against the roll and kinematically connected to the movable cheek, located above the corresponding endless flexible tape roll and fixed in the loading hopper. 2. The roll grinder according to claim 1, characterized in that the eccentricity of the rolls is e ₁ = (0.005-0.01) D, where D is the diameter of the rolls. 3. Roller grinder according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the developed working surface of the rollers of the deagglomerating roller tables is made in the form of alternating teeth and brushes. 4. Roller shredder according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the last rollers of the device for returning the unmilled material to the roll space are eccentric, which is determined by the condition e ₂ ≤ 0.7e ₁ , where e ₁ is the eccentricity of the shredder rolls, e ₂ - the eccentricity of the rollers of the device for returning under-ground material into the roll space.

Images