RU2520805C2 - Application of energy sources of sun and biomass in farming - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to renewable energy sources to be used in farming. This method comprises application of the Sun renewable energy source and biomass of manure, biogas and slime as organic fertilisers in greenhouses and lawn-and-garden cultures. Firs, during April-October term, greenhouse is heated by water lines heated solely by sun energy to 60…70°C at continuous hot water circulation in closed circuit "greenhouse-reactor-greenhouse" when filtered manure filtrate is fed simultaneously with production of biogas to be discharged via communication pipelines into gas-holder and to household consumers and to boiler room heater. The latter allows circulation of hot water and regulation of constant temperature in said closed circuit "greenhouse-reactor-greenhouse". At a time, bioslime, organic fertilisers, are processed and fed via pipelines into greenhouse and garden-melons-gourds plots. Then, in November-March term two intermediate modes are used. First mode is used when greenhouse is not heated due to recultivation and other works and heated is solely the manure substrate by continuous circulation of hot water in closed water lines circuit "boiler room-reactor-boiler room". Proposed biomass is used like it is at the main mode while biogas is fed to household consumers. The latter allows circulation of hot water and regulation of constant temperature in said closed circuit "greenhouse-reactor-greenhouse". Second mode allows heating of both greenhouse and manure substrate by hot water circulation in closed circuits of "boiler room-reactor-green house" and "boiler room-reactor-boiler room". Processed biogas and bioslime are used similarly to the initial main mode. Then, the latter and two intermediate modes are used again.

EFFECT: application of sun energy for production of biogas and fertilisers, non-polluting organic fertiliser.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural production for the integrated use of renewable energy from the sun and biomass (manure) mainly in small farms, peasant and family mixed livestock and agricultural farms, in which the leash contains cattle, there is a greenhouse, areas of fruit and vegetable melons.

In such farms (especially in the southern regions), for the continuous operation of the existing biogas plant, a sufficient amount of manure is received from the animals kept daily, and it is also possible to combine the biogas plant with greenhouse equipment. During the year, when the heat season averages 265 days, water in the pipelines of the greenhouse, heated by solar energy and determining the main “thermal agent” with a temperature of about 60 ... 70 ° C, is used as a heat agent for heating the dung substrate. In the cold season, when the greenhouse is heated to heat the dung substrate, part of the heat agent produced in the boiler house of the greenhouse using part of the produced biogas is used.

Thus, the design of the entire device of a biogas plant is greatly simplified, which allows up to 30% reduction in the cost of its manufacture and installation.

As the closest analogues and prototype, descriptions of existing technologies and devices can be given in the proceedings of the 3rd International Scientific and Technical Conference (May 14-15, 2003, Moscow, GNU VIESH), part 4 - non-traditional energy sources, secondary energy resources, ecology, energy supply and energy saving in agriculture (pp. 308-314).

Unlike the prototype, the proposed method for generating a heat agent does not use solar panels, but uses only solar energy in the warm season to receive hot water from the pipes of the greenhouse into the heating element of the reactor by means of a pressure pump and valves that regulate the heat agent, and in the cold season use a greenhouse boiler house both for heating the dung substrate with a heating element placed inside the reactor, and for heating the greenhouse, that is, only in the cold winter season a.

The aim of the invention is to increase the amount of energy consumed by the sun and biomass of manure, increase performance and reduce the cost of crop production.

To achieve this goal, initially, from April to October, the main mode of heating the greenhouse is carried out with water pipelines heated solely by solar energy to a temperature of 60 ... 70 ° C with continuous circulation of hot water in their closed loop "greenhouse-reactor-greenhouse", while at the same time, filtered manure substrate is fed into the reactor, biogas is produced and it is removed through gas pipelines to the gas holder and to household appliances and to the boiler heater, by means of They provide hot water circulation and constant temperature control in the water supply systems of the closed loop “greenhouse-reactor-greenhouse”, at the same time they process a lot of bio-sludge of organic fertilizers and feed it through pipelines directly to the greenhouse and sections of garden and vegetable melons, then in the following period from November to March months use two intermediate modes: the first mode, when there is no need for heating the greenhouse due to remediation and other works, only the dung substrate is heated and with continuous circulation of hot water in a closed loop of boiler-reactor-boiler-water pipelines, the second regime is carried out while heating the greenhouse and dung substrate, respectively, by circulating hot water in closed loop of the boiler-greenhouse-reactor-greenhouse and boiler-house pipelines greenhouse reactor. " The generated bio-sludge mass is also used similarly to the initial main mode, after which the sequence of the main initial and two intermediate operating modes is repeated.

At the same time, in the method for using solar and biomass energy sources in a farm, the heat exchanger is placed in the lower cylindrical part of the reactor, is made combined with the inlet and outlet pipelines of hot water and the constant temperature control of heating the dung substrate and the greenhouse in a closed circuit with a boiler-water heater.

The figure shows the flow chart of the method of using the energy sources of the sun and biomass in the farm.

As can be seen from the diagram, the process method is carried out by means of an autonomously (isolated) located reactor 1 with an optimal layout corresponding to the shortest distance from greenhouses, sections of garden and vegetable melons, as well as compact-economical operation of communication pipelines with a discharge pump and pipelines 17, 18, 19 hot water with adjustable valves 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 hot water, which surround the reactor 1 on the left in a closed loop, the greenhouse 16 in the center and the boiler room of the greenhouse 15 right a, which has an expansion tank 28 with a nozzle located above it along the outlet circuit in the direction of the hot water supply. The reactor 1 has a receiving nozzle 5 of the manure substrate located on the outside in its lower part of the cylinder with a filler neck of the filter 4 of the manure substrate. Moreover, the pipe 5 is made obliquely from top to bottom at an angle of supply from the filtered manure substrate in the Central part of the reactor 1 under the internal heating element 2.

The biogas produced is collected in the upper cylindrical part of the reactor with a spherical convex surface of the cap (head) 13, which controls the biogas pressure with a manometer 14, a biogas outlet pipe 12 to the gas holder 11, which, through the outlet pipe 27, delivers biogas directly to household appliances - gas burners of the stove 25 and boiler 26.

When performing the technological process, the manure substrate through the filter 4 and the receiving pipe 5 is fed into the reactor 1 under a screw-shaped heating element, where anaerobic fermentation takes place and biogas 10 is produced, which is accumulated previously in the cap 13 (cap), where the gas pressure is controlled by means of a manometer 14 and is supplied through a pipe 12 to a gas holder 11, where the accumulated gas from a gas holder 11 is supplied via a discharge pipe 27 to household appliances 25 and 26. After anaerobic fermentation, the floor enny reactor 1 bioshlam discharged through the discharge pipe 6 as fertilizers and fed through the central outlet conduit 7 respectively duct 9 to the greenhouse and in the conduit portion 8 fruit and melons. As noted, to heat the dung substrate in reactor 1, hot water is produced in the boiler room 15 of the greenhouse 16 in the cold season, and exclusively by solar energy in the heating pipes 17 of the greenhouse during the warm season, which is forcedly pumped into the heating element 2 of the reactor 1 by the pressure pump 3 with the corresponding the open position of the valves 22 and 24 and the closed position of the valve 23. Accordingly, the regulation of the flow of thermal agent in the cold season is made by the valves 20, 21 and 23. In this case, the boiler room 15, heated by a household appliance 26 and provided with a tank 28 through a branch pipe, from which excess steam and hot water are discharged, is provided by regulating the volume of hot water.

The method is at the implementation stage in mixed farming, where in the first year of operation a very tangible economic effect was obtained in the sale of cultivated agricultural products in indoor and outdoor soil, due, firstly, to the widespread use of solar energy to generate biogas and fertilizer, secondly, by obtaining environmentally friendly organic fertilizer, which excludes the purchase of mineral fertilizers and the need to use various chemicals to control weeds and znyami plants; thirdly, saving fuel and lubricants for the transportation of fertilizers and biological gas, and fourthly, the widespread use of biological gas in household appliances in homes and utility rooms.

Claims (1)

A method for using the energy sources of the sun and biomass in farming, including the integrated use of renewable energy from the sun and biomass of manure, biogas, sludge as organic fertilizers in the greenhouse and areas of garden and vegetable melons, characterized in that it is initially from April to October conduct the main mode of heating the greenhouse with water pipelines, heated solely by solar energy to a temperature of 60 ... 70 ° C with continuous circulation of hot water in their closed the greenhouse-reactor-greenhouse circuit, when the filtered manure substrate is fed into the reactor at the same time, biogas is produced and output via gas pipelines to the gas tank and to household appliances and to the boiler heater, by means of which hot water is circulated and constant temperature in the water pipes is regulated closed loop "greenhouse-reactor-greenhouse", at the same time they work out a lot of bio-sludge - organic fertilizers and feed it through pipelines directly to the greenhouse and waste crops of garden and vegetable melons, then in the following period from November to March, two intermediate modes are used: the first mode, when there is no need to heat the greenhouse due to remediation and other works, only the dung substrate is heated by continuous circulation of hot water in a closed loop of water pipelines “Boiler-reactor-boiler”, the generated bio-sludge mass is used in the same way as the original main mode, and biogas is used for household appliances, through which They circulate hot water and regulate a constant temperature in the water pipelines of the closed loop “greenhouse-reactor-greenhouse”, the second mode is carried out while heating both the greenhouse and the dung substrate, respectively, by circulating hot water in closed circuits of the boiler-greenhouse-reactor-greenhouse water pipelines and “boiler-reactor-greenhouse”, and the produced biogas and bio-sludge mass are also used similarly to the initial main mode, after which the sequence of the main initial and two intermediate th operation modes are repeated.