RU2515635C2 - Method of increasing productivity and resistance of plants to phytopathogens - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: method relates to field of agriculture, namely to protection of crops. Method includes treatment of seeds or spraying vegetating plants with extract of biomass of oligochaetes to increase plant resistance to phytopathogens. Filtered salt extraction of biologically active substances, extracted from biomass of soil oligochaetes of species Eisenia foetida is used, with application of 0.1% polyacrylamide hydrogel as filling agent, with ratio 1:9.

EFFECT: method makes it possible to increase resistance of crops to diseases and their productivity with reduced dosage of active substances and increase of the total volume of preparation, which makes it possible to standardise working dosage in more accurate way.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and is intended to protect plants from a complex of phytopathogens and increase productivity.

A known method of crop protection when using the drug Albit (Zlotnikov AK, Alekhin VT and other biological product Albit to increase yield and protect plants: experiments, recommendations, results of application. - M., Agrorus, 2008, 248 p. .). It is based on a product of bacterial metabolism - poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid. However, the technology of production of the drug is quite complicated and requires expensive equipment.

A known method of protecting plants from a complex of phytopathogens and enhancing their productivity when using a product based on soil oligochaetes Nicodrilus caliginosus (Patent RU No. 2305927 C2, А01С 1/00, 09/20/2007. Bull. No. 26). The disadvantages of the method are: a long period of production of the drug (natural fermentation of the biological extract, comprising about 2 weeks), the need for grinding of the biomaterial, contributing to an increase in its mechanical and bacterial contamination.

Closest to the claimed object, adopted as a prototype, is a method of increasing the productivity and resistance of plants to diseases, which involves the use of a salt-based extract of biologically active substances from the biomass of soil oligochaetes of the species Nicodrilus caliginosus by treating it with potassium chloride in crystalline form in a ratio of 30: 1 (Patent RU No. 2438283 C1 A01C 1/08, A01N 63/02. 01/11/2012. Bull. No. 1). The disadvantage of the prototype is the use for the preparation of oligochaeta of the species Nicodrilus caliginosus, the mass cultivation of which is of great difficulty due to the high migration abilities of earthworms of this species and the need to develop special methods for their mass reproduction. In addition, extremely low working dosages (0.5-5 ml / t of seeds during pre-sowing treatment) make it difficult to accurately dose the drug.

The purpose of the present invention is to enhance the resistance of plants to phytopathogens and increase their productivity when treated with an agent derived from the biomass of Eisenia foetida worm; Polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAG), which has high film-forming and water-retaining properties, which helps to reduce water stress in plants, is used as a filler in the preparation of the preparation.

The objective of the present invention is the induction of plant immune responses to phytopathogens and the stimulation of growth processes using an environmentally friendly agent based on oligochaetes of the species Eisenia foetidae as bioproducers of biologically active substances.

The technical result is a way to increase the resistance of plants to phytopathogens and their productivity when using a new product based on oligochaetes of the species Eisenia foetida, into which PAAG is introduced as a filler, which allows to increase the volume of the drug, which facilitates accurate dosing of the working norms of the drug when working with microdoses.

The result is achieved by the fact that the manufacture of the product involves the production of a salt extract, an extract of biologically active substances extracted from the biomass of oligochaetes of the species Eisenia foetidae, which are propagated by vermicultivation, and mixing it with ethyl alcohol as a stabilizer in a 3: 1 ratio, and then combining the resulting mixture with PAG as a filler in a ratio of 1: 9.

This method provides for the maximum extraction from biomass of oligochaetes of the species Eisenia foetidae of all active substances (amino acids, nitrogen-containing organic compounds, enzymes and other natural biological activators), as well as diluting the active principle by mixing with a filler - PAAG to increase the volume of the product followed by seed treatment or spraying vegetative plants. The method is implemented in the implementation of sequential steps:

1. Three-fourfold washing of oligochaetes Eisenia foetidae from debris under running water with a temperature of no higher than 20 ° C.

2. Mixing oligochaete biomass with crystalline potassium chloride at a ratio of parts 30: 1 at an exposure time of 20-30 minutes.

3. Extraction of the formed salt extract of biologically active substances from oligochaetes biomass.

4. Filtration of the composition through a dense filter.

5. Mixing the obtained extract containing a complex of biologically active substances, including the mineral component potassium, with ethanol, which serves as a preservative-stabilizer, in a ratio of 3: 1.

6. The manufacture of a 0.1% colloidal solution-hydrogel of polyacrylamide (PAAG) by mixing 1 part of dry polyacrylamide in 99 parts of distilled water and infusing it for 4 hours.

7. Mixing the resulting composition with PAG in a ratio of 1: 9.

8. Presowing treatment of seeds or spraying vegetative plants in the phase of exit into the tube.

Experience 1. The purpose of the experiment was a comparative assessment of the biological effectiveness and growth-regulating effect of salt extracts of two types of oligochaetes. Spring barley seeds were treated with a salt solution of a biomass extract of each of two types of oligochaetes - Nicodrilus caliginosus and Eisenia foetidae - in various dosages. The agent based on the species N.caliginosus was taken in the optimal rate of consumption of the active substance (5 ml / t), Eisenia foetidae in the consumption rate of 4, 5, 6 ml / t. The immunizing activity of the agent was judged by its biological effectiveness, namely, by reducing the incidence of barley seedlings with helminthosporiosis (Bipolaris sorokiniana).

Laboratory experience showed that the use of the species Eisenia foetidae induces the immune response of barley seedlings, the effect of which exceeds the immunizing activity of the prototype, a drug based on Nicodrilus caliginosus.

Table 1. The effectiveness of a new tool based on oligochaetes Eisenia foetidae in the treatment of spring barley seeds Options Consumption rate, ml / t of seeds (AI) Seed germination,% Biological effectiveness % comparison with the prototype,% reduction in seedling damage of Bipolaris sorokiniana,% of control comparison with the prototype,% Control (no processing) - 93.0 - 13.9 * - Method based on N.caliginosus (prototype) 5 94.7 - 35,4 - Method based on E.foetidae four 97.3 2.6 39.6 +4.2 5 96.0 1.3 39.6 +4.2 6 95.1 0.4 45.8 +10.4 Note: * - the development of the disease in the control

From the data presented in table 1, it follows that at a flow rate of 4-6 ml / t, close to the optimal dosage of the prototype (5 ml / t), a new tool - salt extract of biomass oligochaetes Eisenia foetidae - contributed to increased resistance of plants to root rot (the main causative agent of Bipolaris sorokiniana) compared with the prototype (type of oligochaetes - N.caliginosus) by 4.2-10.4%. However, there was an increase in seed germination to 2.6% compared with the prototype.

Experiment 2. In a laboratory experiment, the biological effectiveness of the new agent based on oligochaetes Eisenia foetida was added when PAAG was added to the salt extract in a ratio of 1: 9 (Table 2). When treating seeds with a new tool in similar to the prototype application rates of active substances (5 ml / t), a stronger positive effect of the first on seed germination was observed (an increase of 4.5%).

Higher immunizing activity was observed for the new agent in the consumption rates of active substances of 20-30 ml / t, and growth-regulating activity - at the expense of the agent - 40-50 ml / t.

A field assessment of the biological effectiveness of the new product was carried out on spring barley and winter wheat.

Experiment 3. The results of the field experiment during the pre-sowing treatment of spring barley seeds confirmed the high efficiency of the new agent in increasing the productivity and resistance of plants to phytopathogens (Table 3).

Table 3.  The effectiveness of the multifunctional action of the new tool in the treatment of spring barley seeds Options The rate of consumption of the product, ml / t (by AI) Field germination Biological efficiency,% Biological yield, t / ha The yield increase to the prototype % increase in prototype,% root rot net spotting c / ha % exit to a tube heading Control (no processing) - 71.3 - 36.3 * 33.2 * 33.1 * 56.2 - - Method based on N.caliginosus (prototype) 5 (5) 74,2 - 76.6 20.1 11.7 57.7 - - The method based on E.foetidae with PAG 10 (1) 78.8 4.6 85.5 20.8 14.2 63.5 5.8 10.1 20 (2) 78.3 4.1 80.7 25.9 32.9 59.5 1.8 3,1 30 (3) 77.5 3.3 78.0 31.9 12.1 58.3 0.6 1,0 40 (4) 78.5 4.3 80.1 34.0 25.7 60.5 2,8 4.9 * - the development of diseases,%

The immunizing activity of the new agent in relation to various diseases varied depending on the norms of its consumption during seed treatment and the development phase of the culture, and in many cases exceeded the effects of the prototype. The maximum increase in field germination of seeds (4.6% in comparison with the prototype) was observed at a rate of consumption of a new product of 10 ml / t, 5 times lower than that of the prototype. According to the multifunctional effect, which was expressed in increasing the productivity of plants, the maximum effect of the new product (yield increase of 5.8 kg / ha or 10.1%) was also obtained at this rate of consumption.

Experience 4. Field studies to test a new tool in the processing of growing plants of winter wheat in the phase of the beginning of the exit to the tube also showed a higher polyfunctional effect of the new tool based on oligochaetes species E.foetidae (Table 4).

Table 4.  The effectiveness of the multifunctional action of the new method in the processing of winter wheat plants in the phase of exit into the tube Options The rate of consumption of the product, ml / ha (by AI) Biological yield, t / ha Biological effectiveness (root rot),% Harvest increase (comparison with prototype) c / ha % Control (no processing) 46.9 21.4 * , - Method based on N.caliginosus (prototype) 10 (10) 49.6 6.1 - - The method based on E.foetidae with PAG 10 (1) 51,2 9.2 1,6 3.2 20 (2) 58.1 9.6 8.5 17.1 30 (3) 53.6 10.3 4.0 8.1 40 (4) 53.0 11.7 3.4 6.9 Note: * - the development of the disease in the control,%

The immunizing effect of the new agent in relation to root rot somewhat increased with increasing dosage and was higher than that of the prototype. The maximum yield increase (17.1% relative to the prototype) was provided by the use of the new product at a rate of 20 ml / ha.

Thus, as a result of laboratory and field studies, a higher efficiency compared to the prototype (a tool based on oligochaetes of the species Nicodrilus caliginosus) was found to be more effective than a new tool based on oligochaetes Eisenia foetida. During pre-sowing treatment of spring barley seeds, the immunizing effect in relation to root rot and leaf spot increased to 9-21% compared with the prototype, despite the lower (1.2-5 times) dosage of the new tool. At the same time, due to the multifunctional action of the new agent in a minimum dosage of -10 ml / t, the productivity of the culture increased by 5.8 kg / ha or 10.1% compared with the prototype. When processing vegetative plants of winter wheat with a new tool, the immunizing effect on root rot exceeded the effectiveness of the prototype by 3-6%. The productivity of the culture increased to 17% with an optimal consumption rate of 20 ml / ha, which is 5 times lower for the active substance than in the prototype. The use of PAAG as a filler made it possible to shift the effective working dosages (by active ingredients) to lower values, which makes it possible to reduce the consumption of the active principle in the agent with an increased volume due to the PAAG filler.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the productivity and resistance of plants to phytopathogens, comprising treating seeds or spraying vegetative plants with oligochaetes biomass extract, characterized in that they use filtered salt extract of biologically active substances extracted from biomass of soil oligochaetes of the species Eisenia foetida, and 0.1% as a filler polyacrylamide hydrogel in a ratio of 1: 9.