RU2438283C1 - Method of improving productivity and sustainability of plants to diseases - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method relates to agriculture, namely, to protection of crops. The method is implemented by obtaining a salt extract of biologically active substances extracted from a biomass of soil oligochaetes Nicodrilus caliginosus after their treatment with potassium chloride in crystalline form, and pre-sowing treatment of seeds or spraying plants during the growing season with optimum dose of the extract of biologically active substances in a proportion of 1:30 parts of the biomaterial.

EFFECT: method enables to reduce the dosages of biologically active substances and to increase crop yields.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and is intended to increase productivity and protect plants from a complex of phytopathogens.

There is a method of protecting plants from phytopathogens and stresses, as well as increasing the productivity of crops when using the drug Albit (Zlotnikov A.K., Alekhin V.T. et al. Biological product albite to increase yield and protect plants: experiments, recommendations, application results. - M., Agrorus, 2008, 248 p.). It is based on a product of bacterial metabolism - poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid. However, the technology of production of the drug is quite complicated and requires expensive equipment.

There is a method of increasing the effectiveness of protection against phytopathogens of increasing crop yields when using a biostimulator based on vermicompost - vermistim (Melnik I.A., Broschak I.S.Biostimulator vermistim on potatoes. - Protection and quarantine of plants, 2004, No. 9. - p. 40). The disadvantage of this method is the long period required to obtain the feedstock and the production of the drug, from 4 to 8 months. In addition, to obtain the desired effect, a sufficiently large rate of consumption of the drug during seed treatment is required - 8-15 l / ha or per ton.

The closest to the claimed object of the prototype is a method of protecting plants from a complex of phytopathogens and enhancing their productivity using ethanol extract of biomass of soil oligochaetes Nicodrilus caliginosus (EBPO) (Patent RU No. 2305927 C2, A01C 1/00, 09/20/2007. Bull. No. 26) . The disadvantages of the prototype are: a long period of production of the drug (natural fermentation of the biological extract, which is about 2 weeks), the need to grind the biomaterial, which contributes to the increase of pollution by particles of the earth and from the digestive tract oligochaetes.

The purpose of the present invention is to increase the productivity of plants, their resistance to diseases by treating them with salt extract from oligochaetes biomass.

The objective of the present invention is the induction of plant immune responses against phytopathogens and the stimulation of growth processes using biologically active and environmentally friendly biomaterial based on oligochaetes species Nicodrilus caliginosus,

The technical result is an improved method for producing a biologically active agent with higher efficiency.

The result is achieved by the fact that the plant protection method involves obtaining a salt extract - an extract of biologically active substances released from oligochaetes biomass in contact with potassium chloride, during subsequent treatment of seeds of various crops or spraying plants during the growing season.

The method allows you to maximally extract from biomass all the main active substances (amino acids, nitrogen-containing organic compounds, enzymes and other natural biological activators).

The method is as follows:

1. Flushing oligochaetes from particles of earth and debris under running water with a temperature of no higher than 20 ° C for 10-15 minutes.

2. Mixing the biomass of living worms with crystalline potassium chloride at a ratio of parts of 30: 1 and keeping for 20-30 minutes.

3. Pressing the biomass in a vessel with a bottom having small holes, collecting the formed salt extract into a tray.

4. Filtration of the extract through a dense filter.

5. Mixing the obtained extract containing a complex of active substances, including mineral components (potassium, etc.), in a 3: 1 ratio with ethanol, which serves as a preservative.

6. Presowing seed treatment with a mineralized extract of biologically active substances (BAS) in optimal dosages (for example, for sugar beets - not more than 5, cereals - not more than 2.5 ml / t), as well as spraying of vegetative plants (for example, for sugar beets - 20 ml / ha).

The optimal amount of potassium chloride added to the biomass of the worms was selected based on the results of evaluating the fungistatic action of the obtained salt extracts in relation to pathogens of root rot of barley. When testing several compositions obtained with a ratio of parts of biomass and potassium chloride: 10: 1; 20: 1; 30: 1; 40: 1 and 50: 1, the highest biological efficiency (35.2%) was obtained at a ratio of 30: 1. In other variants of the experiment, this effect ranged from 10.7 to 20.1%.

Experience 1. When pre-sowing treatment of sugar beet seeds with a mineralized extract of biologically active substances from oligochaetes (MEBO), EBPO was used as a prototype — an extract obtained by natural fermentation. Both drugs were used in the same dosage - 5 ml / t, and EBPO was also at a normal flow rate of 0.5 ml / t. In the experiment, the protective (fungistatic and immunizing effect) and growth-regulating effects of the biological agent were evaluated. As a result of the experiment, the fungistatic effect of the new composition based on soil oligochaetes in relation to the root eater increased in comparison with the prototype by 38.8%, and in its pre-emergence form - by 24.9%; due to this, the plant standing density increased by 13.7% (when comparing the same dosages). The immunizing activity of MEBO in relation to cercosporosis on leaves when compared with the optimal dose of EBPO increased almost 2 times. The growth-regulating effect of MEBO also turned out to be higher than in the prototype variant: the average weight of the root crop increased by 9.4%; root crop productivity increased by 18.8%.

Experience 2. Pre-sowing treatment of sugar beet seeds was carried out using EBPO (prototype) and MEBO in various consumption rates. Due to the multifunctional action (fungistatic, immunizing and growth-stimulating) of the means used, the plant standing density in the experiment when using dosages of 1.0 and 0.5 ml / t was 5.6 and 3.6 thousand plants per 1 ha higher; the reduction of plant damage by various diseases at different consumption rates of MEBO was 1.4-2.2 times more intense; the weight of the root crop at all dosages of using MEBO was 1.6-22.3% higher than in the prototype (EBPO) (table 1).

Table 1 The effectiveness of presowing treatment of sugar beet seeds Facilities Consumption rate, ml / t Plant standing density, pcs / ha The mass of root crops,% to the prototype Productivity, t / ha The decrease in the development of diseases relative to the prototype,% root eater powdery mildew EBPO (prototype) 0.5 91.84 one hundred 20.7 one hundred one hundred MEBO 0.5 95.36 122.3 26.3 140.0 215.5 MEBO 1,0 97.48 107.7 23.7 168.8 90.6 MEBO 5,0 86.96 101.6 19.9 41.2 200,0

Experience 3. Two-time treatment of vegetative plants of sugar beet in the phase of 5-6 pairs of real leaves and at the first signs of powdery mildew (August 3, 2009) was carried out using EBPO and MEBO in different consumption rates. The multifunctional effect of MEBO was stronger than EBPO. Powdery mildew in plants decreased by 1.3-2.3 times.

At a dosage of 20 ml / ha, the content of chlorophyll in the leaves increased by 8.3%, which contributed to the strengthening of assimilation processes. The mass of the root crop increased by 16.4%. A more intensive activation of growth processes allowed to increase the productivity of sugar beets in comparison with the prototype (EBPO): productivity increased by 1.6-3.2 t / ha (respectively at dosages of 10 and 20 ml / ha), and sugar yield increased by 4 , 8-11.1% (table 2).

table 2 The effectiveness of the processing of vegetative plants of sugar beet Facilities Consumption rate, ml / ha The reduction in the development of powdery mildew relative to the prototype,% The content of chlorophyll in the leaves,% The mass of root crops,% Productivity, t / ha The sugar yield,% EBPO (prototype) 10 one hundred one hundred one hundred 32.8 one hundred MEBO 10 228.4 106.8 110.1 34,4 104.8 MEBO twenty 132.7 108.3 116.4 36.0 111.1 MEBO thirty 90.0 95.9 108,2 32.6 99.3

Experience 4. Presowing treatment of seeds of spring barley was carried out in laboratory conditions EBPO and MEBO in various dosages. The fungistatic activity of the agents against root rot pathogens and some optional pathogenic fungi was evaluated (Table 3).

A new biologically active agent - MEBO at lower dosages exceeded the fungistatic action of the prototype - EBPO by 3.8-8.1 times in relation to the most dangerous root rot pathogens. When using MEBO at a rate of 5 ml / t, an increase in growth processes in plants was also noted. So, the mass of sprouts was 4% more than when processing seeds of EBPO in the same dosage.

Table 3 Fungistatic activity of agents in the treatment of spring barley seeds Facilities Consumption rate, ml / t The decrease in the development and prevalence of diseases in relation to the prototype,% Bipolaris sorokiniana + Alternaria sp. Penicillium sp. Mucor sp. Fusarium sp. EBPO (prototype) 5,0 one hundred one hundred one hundred one hundred MEBO 1,0 380.0 806.5 one hundred one hundred MEBO 2.5 30,0 one hundred 119.4 one hundred MEBO 5,0 333.3 0 0 0 MEBO 10.0 103.8 0 0 25.0

Thus, as a result of laboratory and field studies, a higher efficiency of the multifunctional action of the biological agent obtained by the new method compared to the prototype was established. The activity of plant immune responses induced by the action of biologically active components of the agent exceeded the prototype. Biological effectiveness relative to individual diseases has increased up to 3-7 times. At the same time, growth processes were also intensified in plants, which made it possible to increase the yield of agricultural crops, in particular sugar beets, by using optimal dosages of the agent, up to 10-27%.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the productivity and resistance of plants to diseases, which involves pre-sowing treatment of seed material or spraying vegetative plants with optimal dosages of an extract of biologically active substances, characterized in that a salt extract of biologically active substances is used that are extracted from the biomass of living soil oligochaetes of the species Nicodrilus caliginosus by treating them with chloride potassium in crystalline form, in a proportion of 1:30 parts of biomaterial.