RU2514447C2 - Flax pulling machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and can be used in harvesting linen flax. The pulling machine comprises a frame (4) and mounted on it pulling unit (2) consisting of sections (6) with belts (7), enveloping the pulleys (8, 9) and rollers converging in pairs, as well as the output device (3) located behind the sections (6). The frame (4) with technology bodies mounted on it on the straight-through arrangement is mounted on the gun carriage (12) having a shaft (16) located on the side of the pulling unit (2).

EFFECT: invention provides an extension of use cases, improvement of technological reliability and productivity of straight-flow pulling machine.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used when harvesting flax flax.

Known flax tiller [1], containing a frame with a towing device, supported by two wheels, and mounted on it a tipper apparatus, a transverse conveyor, a laying device and transmission mechanisms. The main disadvantage of this trailed clipper is that it has a transverse conveyor and a spreading device, when operating, they carry the flax tape to the side. That is, the well-known trailed flax pulverizer is not a direct-flow machine, it spreads the formed flax ribbon in the wrong strip from which the plants are wiped. This creates a discomfort for the operation of subsequent machines and requires a wide strip for the first passes of the topping unit between the corrals of the field. The top-lifting apparatus and the cross conveyor of the named machine have low technological reliability, which reduces the productivity of the unit.

Known flax flail U-22, GE-220 (company "Union", "Riviere Casalis" -Belgium, France) [2, p.36-38; 3, pp. 53-55], comprising a top-lifting apparatus consisting of sections with belts, enveloping pulleys and rollers, converging in pairs, and twinning-wrapping and spreading conveyors located at the rear of the sections, as well as a frame with a chassis on which all technological organs. These clippers are self-propelled co-current machines. One such machine forms two flax ribbons at work simultaneously. They are spread on the same strip with which the plants are wiped out. These machines have high technological reliability and productivity.

The disadvantages of the U-22 and GE-220 flippers are their large dimensions and weight, which implies a significant cost and low economic efficiency of self-propelled machines in comparison with trailed and mounted. In these machines, plant tapes formed by the top-lifting apparatus move over the running gear and power unit, therefore the path of their movement in the machine is very long. On this way of transportation and when the plants are spread on the soil, the characteristics of the tapes deteriorate (an increase in the elongation and the angle of deviation of the stems in the tape). The latter adversely affects the yield of long fiber, that is, reduces the quantity and quality of the resulting product.

A known flax flax floss [4], including a flap belt and pulleys and an output device, characterized in that for the purpose of laying the flax mass on the treated part of the field, the output device is made in the form of an additional belt covering the extreme top pulley, driving, deflecting and tensioning rollers. This machine is currently used only in a mounted version on a tractor.

The well-known flax flax floss [4] is a simple in design and lightweight machine. The tebilka spreads the formed ribbon of plants between the wheels of the tractor. This machine is mainly used for paving passages on the field between corrals before the operation of other hauling machines. But it can also be used for mass flailing. However, the quality of the flaked tape is low. The latter is explained by the fact that flax plants, after exiting the hatching device, fan out when spread out on the field. The nature of their movement in this case depends on the speed of the additional belt, the length of the stems, the density and connectivity of the tape, the field microrelief and many other factors, all of which are not constant. The direction of movement of the plants in the output device of the topper and when the tape moves to the spread sharply changes. This does not allow to increase the speed of movement of both the tape and the machine itself. Therefore, the well-known tereilka for many reasons shows poor performance.

The closest in technical essence and the technical tasks to the proposed one is the well-known flax flax floss [5], containing a frame and clutch sections mounted on it with belts and pulleys, as well as an output device, while the output device is made in the form of a L-shaped output conveyor with belt and pulleys. In this machine, the top-lifting apparatus has pairwise converging belts and its output conveyor is located behind the top-lifting sections. Specified is necessary in order for the machine to be straight through. The flax saw frame is attached to the tractor's front hydraulic mounted system, i.e. this machine is mounted.

During operation of the known mounted direct-flow top-harvester [5], the formed plant ribbon is spread between the wheels of the tractor in the same strip of the field with which they are torn. The machine can also be used for paving passages between corrals before the operation of other top-lifting machines. This is the positive qualities of tee pullers. However, the known tereilka also has disadvantages. The main one is that the unit, composed of a tractor and a tee puller mounted on it in front, shows low productivity, since it cannot work at high speed. The fact is that the center of gravity of the known direct-flow top-harvester (rather heavy and overall in length) is located far ahead in relation to the front wheels of the tractor, and the machine itself is supported by copy wheels. With such aggregation, there will be a large load on the front wheels of the tractor and the unit will be difficult to control. Aggregating the flipper requires a heavy tractor, since with a small mass of the tractor the machine will in many cases take it to the side. Thus, an aggregate composed of a tractor and a well-known mounted flax flail [5] will not be economically viable for mass flax flailing, that is, when working on large areas.

The objective of the invention is the expansion of the use of technical equipment (topper) when harvesting flax, increasing the technological reliability and productivity of direct-flow topper, as well as the economic efficiency of the unit, composed of an energy tool (tractor) and this machine.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the flax grinder, containing the frame and mounted on it, the pulping apparatus, consisting of sections with belts enveloping pulleys and rollers, converging in pairs, as well as an output device placed behind the sections, according to the invention, a frame with mounted on it according to the direct-flow diagram, the technological bodies are mounted on a carriage having a drawbar located to the side of the top-lifting apparatus, while the frame with the technological bodies is fixed on the carriage using izontalnogo hinge is under the output end of an output device, and a hydraulic cylinder.

A positive technical result is achieved due to the fact that, in the proposed design, the direct-flow flax flail will be aggregated with the tractor in both trailed and mounted versions. Basically, it will be used in the version trailed to the energy facility, which provides an increase in the speed of the unit, technological reliability and its performance in comparison with the unit consisting of the energy facility and the known [5] mounted on it in front of the flipper. However, a frame with technological bodies mounted on it according to a direct-flow diagram can, if necessary, be hung on a tractor and the machine can be used for paving passages between corrals. On the field with prepared walkways, the same machine in a trailed version or another top-lifting machine will work.

The top-lifting apparatus used in the proposed machine is similar to the apparatus having converging in pairs belts, flail U-22 and GE-220, which operate at speeds up to 20 km / h [3, p. 55]. Therefore, the proposed trailed direct-flow flax flail will work at about the same speed. A trailed clipper will be several times lighter and cheaper than self-propelled per unit of working width. That is, an aggregate composed of a tractor and the proposed flax flail trailers will be more economical in comparison with a self-propelled flipper.

The proposed constructive solution will allow the use of flax flax and in the mounted version (as in the prototype), for this it is necessary to remove the machine from the carriage and hang it in front on the power tool. In a hinged version, the machine will also be used for paving passages between corrals on the field. Therefore, for the passage of passages, it will not be necessary to have another special machine. Due to this, the proposed flax flax will be more versatile and economical.

With the installation of the tilting machine on a carriage resting on the right and left wheels, and the attachment of its drawbar, located on the side of the tilting device, to the rear bracket of the tractor, the field topography will be copied by the device. Due to this, the elongation of the stems in the flax-formed flax tape will decrease. By fixing the frame of the technological organs on the carriage with the help of a horizontal hinge located under the output end of the output device and the hydraulic cylinder, the height of mulching of plants will be constantly the same for all sections of the apparatus. With this design, the angle of deviation of the stems from the correct position in the tape will be less affected. All of the above will increase the collection of flax products.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows a diagram of flax flax floss, side view and figure 2 is the same, view along arrow A in figure 1.

The flax harvester contains dividers 1, the top-lifting apparatus 2 and the output device 3 mounted on the frame 4 with the crankcase 5. The top-lifting apparatus 2 consists of sections 6, including belts 7, envelopes of the top-lifting 8 and driving 9 pulleys, as well as rollers. Belts 7 with top-lifting pulleys 8 form top-lifting streams converging in pairs. The output device 3 is located behind the top sections 6, it includes a twin-wrap conveyor 10, consisting of two belts, and a spreading conveyor 11, also consisting of two belts. In the crankcase 5, gears are planted on the shafts, which serve to transmit torque to the driving pulleys of the topping belts 7 and the output device 3. The shaft can be driven into rotation from an energy tool using a cardan shaft, a hydraulic or electric motor (not shown).

To aggregate flax flail with an energy tool in a trailed version, the machine is mounted on a carriage 12. The carriage consists of a frame 13, based on the right 14 and left 15 wheels. A drawbar 16 is attached to the frame 13, located to the side of the top-lifting apparatus and to the left of the left wheel 15, which serves to couple the top-gear to the rear bracket of the power tool. The frame 4 of the technological organs is mounted on the frame 13 of the carriage 12 using a horizontal hinge 17. This hinge is located under the output end of the output device 3 (spreading conveyor 11). The frame 4 also rests on the hydraulic cylinder 18, which is located in front of the hinge 17. The hydraulic cylinder 18 is also attached to the carriage frame 13. It serves to lift the frame 4 with the technological organs upwards, that is, to transfer the top saw from the working position to the transport one and to control the height of the pulling. The location of the hydraulic cylinder 18 in front of the hinge 17 simplifies the design of the machine. The right wheel 14 of the gun carriage is installed behind the right section of the top-lifting apparatus and the left 15 is somewhat to the left of the left section so that during operation it rolls along the track of the tractor’s right wheels. With this arrangement of the wheels, the minimum width of the machine is achieved. The drawbar 16, located to the left of the top-lifting apparatus 2 and the left wheel 15, is connected to the frame 13 by means of a vertical hinge 19 and a stop 20. This design is used in order to transfer the flail (drawbar) from the working position to the transport one and vice versa. In the transport position, the width of the machine is reduced compared to the working position. This allows you to increase the transport speed of the unit and provides an increase in its productivity in an hour of shift time.

The proposed flax flaxseed works as follows. During the execution of the technological process in the trailed version (see Figs. 1 and 2), the right wheels of the energy facility are sent in the immediate vicinity of the stalk of flax, which will be consumed by the machine. In this case, the left wheel of the flipper rolls along the track of the right wheels of the energy facility.

When the top-lifting unit moves across the field, the dividers 1 divide the flax stalk into strips and bring the plants to the top-lifting belts 7 and pulleys 8 of the apparatus 2. Belts and pulleys clamp the plants with their working surfaces and, when the machine moves forward, they take them out. For top-lifting pulleys 8 belts 7 converge in pairs and reduce the flow of plants in one stream. Next, belts 7 transport the flax to the exit to sections 6. After exiting sections 6, the plant flows are once again reduced to one stream (tape) now by the belts of the doubling-wrapping conveyor 10. The belt is gripped by these belts and moves towards the unloading conveyor 11. When By moving each plant is transferred from a vertical plane to a horizontal position, that is, the tape rotates 90 degrees. Laying conveyor 11 transfers the stem mass through the machine, changes the direction of movement of the tape and gives it to the soil. Further, the ribbon of plants glides over the shield and spreads out on the same strip of field with which they are worn out. When the machine is operating in a trailed version, the plant ribbon spread out at the previous working passage of the unit is passed between the wheels of the energy facility. Therefore, before operating the power tool with the proposed trailed top-saw, the distance between its wheels is set equal to the width of the top-lifting apparatus and the machine. Before moving the unit from one field to another, turn the drawbar 16 around the hinge 19. The position of the drawbar is determined by the stop 20. The stop is designed so that in the working position the front end of the drawbar is located from a longitudinally vertical plane passing through the left carriage wheel at a distance equal to half width of capture of the top-lifting apparatus (car). It is with this design that the left wheel of the topper in the working position rolls along the track of the right wheels of the tractor.

The proposed flax flax is a direct-flow machine, this is its positive quality. In the trailed version of using the machine, the speed of movement of the top-lifting unit will be high, so its productivity will also be high. In terabilka all technological organs are mounted motionless on frame 4 and the conditions for the transition of plants from one organ to another remain always constant. This increases the technological reliability of the machine, and also helps to ensure that the relative position of the plants changes less when moving from one organ to another, that is, the extension of the stems and the angle of their deviation in the tape do not increase. The hinge 17 for turning the top saw on the carriage 12 is located as far as possible from the points of the beginning of the clamping of plants in the top-down streams. Therefore, when changing the height of flax cultivation of flax, the angle of deviation of the stems in the tape changes little, which also helps to improve the quality of work of the flap. Maintaining unchanged the extension of the stems and the angle of their deviation in the tape increases the yield of the most valuable long fiber from the stems.

If you need to use a tee saw for the passage of passages between corrals on the field, it should be removed from the carriage 12 and mounted on the front hinge of an energy tool (tractor). When the frame of the flipper is mounted on the tractor, the hinge 17 located under the output end of the output device will also be used. In the hinged use case, the tape formed by the top grader will be spread between the wheels of the tractor. Only in this the technological process of work will differ from that described in the trailer version of the use of the machine.

The proposed flax flax harvester is manufactured and tested under production conditions. In the tractor-mounted version, the experimental machine worked mainly at speeds of 15-18 km / h, while it showed high technological reliability and productivity with the fulfillment of agrotechnical requirements.

Bibliography

1. Flax flax. State Publishing House of Agricultural Literature. - M .: 1957.

2. Monov A.I., Soloviev A.Ya. Features of the development of flax growing in France, Belgium and Czechoslovakia. - Flax and hemp, No. 7, 1974.

3. Experience in the development of advanced technologies and technical means for harvesting and primary processing of flax-flax: Scientific. Analit.Review.- M.: Federal State Budget Institution Rosinformagroteh, 2008.

4. A.S. 275577 USSR, MKI A01D 45/06. Flax tiller / B.K. Sentsov, L.Yu. Gurvich, S.I. Loginov et al. No. 1329897 / 30-15, declared 05/12/1969, publ. 07/03/1970. Bull. Number 22.

5. Patent 2255458 of the Russian Federation, MKI A01D 45/06. Flax terebilka / Sizov V.I., Chartsev I.M. No. 2003106541/12, declared 03/12/2003, publ. 07/10/2005.

Claims (2)

1. Flax floss containing a frame and a top-lifting apparatus mounted on it, consisting of sections with belts enveloping pulleys and rollers converging in pairs, as well as an output device located at the rear of the sections, characterized in that the frame is equipped with technological bodies mounted on a carriage having a drawbar located on the side of the top-lifting apparatus. 2. Flax flax according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame with technological bodies is fixed on a carriage using a horizontal hinge located under the output end of the output device and a hydraulic cylinder.

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