WO2001039590A2 - The method of hemp harvest and hemp harvesting machine - Google Patents
The method of hemp harvest and hemp harvesting machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001039590A2 WO2001039590A2 PCT/PL2000/000093 PL0000093W WO0139590A2 WO 2001039590 A2 WO2001039590 A2 WO 2001039590A2 PL 0000093 W PL0000093 W PL 0000093W WO 0139590 A2 WO0139590 A2 WO 0139590A2
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- WIPO (PCT)
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- platform
- hemp
- needle
- stems
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D45/00—Harvesting of standing crops
- A01D45/06—Harvesting of standing crops of flax or similar fibrous plants
- A01D45/065—Harvesting of standing crops of flax or similar fibrous plants of fibrous plants other than flax, e.g. ramie, sisal, hemp, jute, Spanish grass, raffia
Definitions
- the object of invention is the method of hemp harvest in which the whole plants are cut and subject to retting directly on the plantation.
- the object of invention is also the hemp harvesting machine.
- Hemp is an industrial plant of considerably long stems, reaching even 6 meters, whose seeds and stem fibers are both used for industrial purposes.
- the hemp fiber has been traditionally used for manufactiiring thick fabrics, twisted strings or ropes, and recently it has been more and more often used for cellulose acquisition.
- the seeds are used for manufacturing oil, fodder ingredients or volatile oils for pharmaceutical industry.
- hemp is intended for harvesting fiber suitable for further refinement into semi-wool fiber, aiming at cotton-like fiber, it is cultivated in a one-sided technique, consisting in condensation of sewed seeds and early harvest of stems.
- the harvested plants are spread on the area of the plantation and subject to the process of retting in order to obtain pectin decomposition inside the stems, as well as to isolate the fibers from the lignified parts.
- a double sided cultivation technique in which only the fully mature plants are harvested.
- the plants are cut, bundled and set up in sheaves.
- the sheaves are left to dry on the plantation, so that the raw material is dry before threshing.
- the seeds are ginned in special machines moved along the plantation from one sheaf to another. Then the seeds are collected in a bag, the leaves are blown onto the field and the sheaves of ginned straw are transported for further mechanical processing. It is good when the stems acquired in this harvesting method are subject to retting directly on the plantation, which requires untying the bundles and manual spreading of the stems. After retting the straw is bundled again and transported to appropriate processing plants.
- Hemp harvest is usually performed with the use of general-purpose agricultural harvesting machines, but there is one specialized hemp-harvesting machine manufactured in Russia, of the symbol ZK-1,9.
- This harvesting machine has the cutting element mounted on the bearing frame, above which the distributors are located. The latter are connected with sectional transmission bands that transport the stems onto the needle transporter platform which in turn transports them to the bundling unit.
- the bundling unit instead of the bundling unit there is a spreader device which discharges the harvested stems directly to the field.
- the harvesting machine described above does not eliminate manual work at hemp harvesting, however, since the bundles have to be set up on the field in sheaves, and in case of discharging of the cut stems onto the field, they have to be turned around manually, since there are no machines which would perform such operation with stems of such length. Manual work is also indispensable while ginning the hemp in bundles.
- the solution applied in the invention is based on cutting the stems of the plant into at least three sections right after harvesting, and the sections with seed panicles are cut off from the remaining sections of the stems.
- the panicle sections are transported outside the plantation for seed acquisition in double sided technology, or volatile oils and high-protein fodder in one-sided cultivation technology.
- the hemp harvesting machine has a cutting element, the distributors connected with sectional transmission bands and perpendicular needle transporters, as well as a spreader.
- the needle transporter unit has feed-in and discharge zones which discharge the plant material to and from the assembly of at least two circular saws, located in the rear section of the needle transporter platform.
- each saw cooperates with the transporter in such a way, that the transporter situated in the vicinity of the saw has a linear velocity higher than the other transporter.
- the spreader is composed of at least two sliding shears mounted on the edge of the needle transporter platform. Each shear is assigned to one circular saw. The working planes of the shears are slanted crosswise towards the needle transporter platform plane and the plantation plane. The shape of each sliding shear is similar to circular sector, and the shears are located on different levels.
- a conveyor band Behind the circular saw unit, below the needle transporter platform, there is a conveyor band, whose transmission belt is situated and adjusted in the horizontal rotational axis towards the needle transporter platform plane and perpendicularly to its rear edge.
- the transmission conveyor belt is furnished with anti-slide elements.
- the solution applied in the invention allows both for harvesting the hemp cultivated in order to obtain the fibers and for harvesting hemp cultivated in order to acquire fibers and seeds. Its significant advantage lies in the fact that it enables separate acquisition of upper parts of hemp.
- the division of hemp stems into shorter sections makes it easier to spread them on the plantation and facilitates the operations indispensable during stem retting process, such as: turning, loosening, raking and collecting, since for such operations one can use the commonly applied agricultural machines.
- the application of transporters of diversified linear velocity outside the saw working zone, as well as the shape of sliding shears enforce the distribution of stem sections in such a layer, where stem sections are laid perpendicularly to the direction of transmission.
- the later curing operations during retting as well as the mechanical collection of retted stems are easier.
- the retted stems may be rolled in prisms or cylinders which facilitates transportation and storage.
- the mutual situation of sliding shears ensures laying the stem layers one on top of the other which allows for better management of the plantation area for retting purposes.
- Furnishing the conveyor belt for transporting the panicle sections with anti- sliding elements ensures smooth transmission of those parts to the containers located outside the machine.
- the machine constituting the object of invention enables full automation of hemp harvesting, eliininating the manual work completely.
- Fig 1 presents the top view of the machine
- Fig. 2 presents the same machine from an end view
- Fig.3 presents the cross-section of the circular saw unit.
- the hemp harvesting machine has a bearing structure I, of an adjustable slanting angle, in the front part of which the cutting element 2 of adjustable position is located. Additionally, on the bearing structure 1 the distributors 3 are mounted, which are connected with the sectional band clamping transporters 4. Behind the transporters 4, the needle transporter 6, platform 5 is screwed onto the bearing structure I. The needle transporters 6 are situated crosswise with respect to the direction of sectional transporter 4. In this unit one can differentiate zone A_ devoted to feeding the raw material to the circular saw unit mounted on the bearing frame I and on platform 5 ⁇ , as well as discharge zone B.
- the circular saw unit consists of a support structure 7, drive shaft 8, bearings 9, shaft case JO, clutch JJ., hydraulic drive motor 12 and two circular saws 13 and H.
- each saw cooperates with a pair of needle transporters 6 and 6 ⁇ Transporter 6 ⁇ situated in the vicinity of the saw has a linear velocity higher than the other transporter of the pair.
- the transporter 15 On platform 5 the transporter 15 is mounted in an adjustable manner, which drives the cut up material outside the sawing zone.
- On the side edge of the platform 5 there are mounted two spreading sliding shears 16 and 17, whose shape resembles circular sector. Their working planes are slanted crosswise towards the plane of the platform 5 and towards the plantation level, and shear T7 is situated above shear 16. Each shear is assigned to one of the saws.
- the conveyor belt 1_8 Behind the circular saw unit 13 and 14, on the bearing frame I, below the platform 5 plane, the conveyor belt 1_8 is mounted, with anti-shde spikes 19. Its transmission belt is situated in an adjustable manner in the horizontal rotational axis towards the plane of the platform 5 and perpendicularly to its rear edge.
- the cutting element 2, sectional transporters 4, needle transporters 6 and 6', circular saw unit JJ3 and 14, as well as transporters j_5 and 18 all have individual hydraulic drives.
- the cut up plants are transported by means of the sectional conveyor 4 to the platform 5, where they are fed into the circular saw unit.
- the saw 1_4 cuts off the top parts of the stems, which are transported by conveyor belt 18 outside the machine, whereas saw 13 cuts up the stems, whose root adjacent parts are discharged by transporters 6 and 6' onto shear lj , whereas the middle parts of the stems are transported by other conveyors onto shear 18.
- the difference in linear velocity of conveyors 6 and 61, as well as the construction of sliding shears 16 and 18 enforces perpendicular layout of stem layers on the plantation towards the machine drive direction.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Harvester Elements (AREA)
Abstract
The method of hemp harvesting consists in cutting up the stems into at least three sections, separating the stems with seed panicles and spreading the remaining stem sections in layers on the plantation directly after harvesting the plants. The hemp harvesting machine is equipped in sectional band clamping conveyors (4). Behind the conveyors (4) the platform (5) of needle transporters (6) is located, the needle transporters being situated diagonally towards the direction of the sectional conveyor (4), and in this unit two zones are differentiated: zone (A) feeding in the raw material to the circular saw assembly (13 and 14) and zone (B) discharging the material. In the discharge zone each saw cooperates with a pair of needle transporters (6 and 6'), while transporter (6'), located in the vicinity of the saw has a linear velocity higher than the velocity of the other transporter of the pair. Two distributing sliding shears (16 and 17) are mounted on the side edge of the platform (5). Conveyor belt (18) is situated perpendicularly to the rear edge of the platform (5) and adjustably in the horizontal axis.
Description
The method of hemp harvest and hemp harvesting machine
The object of invention is the method of hemp harvest in which the whole plants are cut and subject to retting directly on the plantation. The object of invention is also the hemp harvesting machine.
Hemp is an industrial plant of considerably long stems, reaching even 6 meters, whose seeds and stem fibers are both used for industrial purposes. The hemp fiber has been traditionally used for manufactiiring thick fabrics, twisted strings or ropes, and recently it has been more and more often used for cellulose acquisition. The seeds are used for manufacturing oil, fodder ingredients or volatile oils for pharmaceutical industry.
If the hemp is intended for harvesting fiber suitable for further refinement into semi-wool fiber, aiming at cotton-like fiber, it is cultivated in a one-sided technique, consisting in condensation of sewed seeds and early harvest of stems. The harvested plants are spread on the area of the plantation and subject to the process of retting in order to obtain pectin decomposition inside the stems, as well as to isolate the fibers from the lignified parts.
For seed collection, a double sided cultivation technique is used, in which only the fully mature plants are harvested. According to this technology, the plants are cut, bundled and set up in sheaves. The sheaves are left to dry on the plantation, so that the raw material is dry before threshing. The seeds are ginned in special machines moved along the plantation from one sheaf to another. Then the seeds are collected in a bag, the leaves are blown onto the field and the sheaves of ginned straw are transported for further mechanical processing. It is good when the stems acquired in this harvesting method are subject to retting directly on the plantation, which requires untying the bundles and manual spreading of the stems. After retting the straw is bundled again and transported to appropriate processing plants. In this harvesting technique, too long stems get
knotted and ruffled during multiple turning, which considerably deteriorates the quality of the fibers contained in the stems. Another disadvantage is that the secondary fiber that is accumulated in the rooting zone of the plant is difficult to remove during processing of hemp, which impairs the quality of the overall mass of fiber.
Hemp harvest is usually performed with the use of general-purpose agricultural harvesting machines, but there is one specialized hemp-harvesting machine manufactured in Russia, of the symbol ZK-1,9. This harvesting machine has the cutting element mounted on the bearing frame, above which the distributors are located. The latter are connected with sectional transmission bands that transport the stems onto the needle transporter platform which in turn transports them to the bundling unit. In another structural version of the machine, instead of the bundling unit there is a spreader device which discharges the harvested stems directly to the field.
The harvesting machine described above does not eliminate manual work at hemp harvesting, however, since the bundles have to be set up on the field in sheaves, and in case of discharging of the cut stems onto the field, they have to be turned around manually, since there are no machines which would perform such operation with stems of such length. Manual work is also indispensable while ginning the hemp in bundles.
The solution applied in the invention is based on cutting the stems of the plant into at least three sections right after harvesting, and the sections with seed panicles are cut off from the remaining sections of the stems. The panicle sections are transported outside the plantation for seed acquisition in double sided technology, or volatile oils and high-protein fodder in one-sided cultivation technology.
The hemp harvesting machine has a cutting element, the distributors connected with sectional transmission bands and perpendicular needle transporters, as well as a spreader.
According to the invention, the needle transporter unit has feed-in and
discharge zones which discharge the plant material to and from the assembly of at least two circular saws, located in the rear section of the needle transporter platform. In the discharge zone of needle transporters each saw cooperates with the transporter in such a way, that the transporter situated in the vicinity of the saw has a linear velocity higher than the other transporter. The spreader is composed of at least two sliding shears mounted on the edge of the needle transporter platform. Each shear is assigned to one circular saw. The working planes of the shears are slanted crosswise towards the needle transporter platform plane and the plantation plane. The shape of each sliding shear is similar to circular sector, and the shears are located on different levels. Behind the circular saw unit, below the needle transporter platform, there is a conveyor band, whose transmission belt is situated and adjusted in the horizontal rotational axis towards the needle transporter platform plane and perpendicularly to its rear edge. The transmission conveyor belt is furnished with anti-slide elements.
The solution applied in the invention allows both for harvesting the hemp cultivated in order to obtain the fibers and for harvesting hemp cultivated in order to acquire fibers and seeds. Its significant advantage lies in the fact that it enables separate acquisition of upper parts of hemp. The division of hemp stems into shorter sections makes it easier to spread them on the plantation and facilitates the operations indispensable during stem retting process, such as: turning, loosening, raking and collecting, since for such operations one can use the commonly applied agricultural machines. The application of transporters of diversified linear velocity outside the saw working zone, as well as the shape of sliding shears enforce the distribution of stem sections in such a layer, where stem sections are laid perpendicularly to the direction of transmission. As a result, the later curing operations during retting as well as the mechanical collection of retted stems are easier. Also, the retted stems may be rolled in prisms or cylinders which facilitates transportation and storage. The mutual situation of sliding shears ensures laying the stem layers one on top of the other which allows for better management of the plantation area for retting purposes.
Furnishing the conveyor belt for transporting the panicle sections with anti- sliding elements ensures smooth transmission of those parts to the containers located outside the machine. The machine constituting the object of invention enables full automation of hemp harvesting, eliininating the manual work completely.
The object of invention is depicted in a example in the sketch, in which Fig 1 presents the top view of the machine, Fig. 2 presents the same machine from an end view and Fig.3 presents the cross-section of the circular saw unit.
Example
In the example solution, the hemp harvesting machine has a bearing structure I, of an adjustable slanting angle, in the front part of which the cutting element 2 of adjustable position is located. Additionally, on the bearing structure 1 the distributors 3 are mounted, which are connected with the sectional band clamping transporters 4. Behind the transporters 4, the needle transporter 6, platform 5 is screwed onto the bearing structure I. The needle transporters 6 are situated crosswise with respect to the direction of sectional transporter 4. In this unit one can differentiate zone A_ devoted to feeding the raw material to the circular saw unit mounted on the bearing frame I and on platform 5^, as well as discharge zone B. The circular saw unit consists of a support structure 7, drive shaft 8, bearings 9, shaft case JO, clutch JJ., hydraulic drive motor 12 and two circular saws 13 and H. In the discharge zone each saw cooperates with a pair of needle transporters 6 and 6\ Transporter 6^ situated in the vicinity of the saw has a linear velocity higher than the other transporter of the pair. On platform 5 the transporter 15 is mounted in an adjustable manner, which drives the cut up material outside the sawing zone. On the side edge of the platform 5 there are mounted two spreading sliding shears 16 and 17, whose shape resembles circular sector. Their working planes are slanted crosswise towards the plane of the platform 5 and towards the plantation level, and shear T7 is situated above shear
16. Each shear is assigned to one of the saws.
Behind the circular saw unit 13 and 14, on the bearing frame I, below the platform 5 plane, the conveyor belt 1_8 is mounted, with anti-shde spikes 19. Its transmission belt is situated in an adjustable manner in the horizontal rotational axis towards the plane of the platform 5 and perpendicularly to its rear edge. The cutting element 2, sectional transporters 4, needle transporters 6 and 6', circular saw unit JJ3 and 14, as well as transporters j_5 and 18 all have individual hydraulic drives.
The cut up plants are transported by means of the sectional conveyor 4 to the platform 5, where they are fed into the circular saw unit. The saw 1_4 cuts off the top parts of the stems, which are transported by conveyor belt 18 outside the machine, whereas saw 13 cuts up the stems, whose root adjacent parts are discharged by transporters 6 and 6' onto shear lj , whereas the middle parts of the stems are transported by other conveyors onto shear 18. The difference in linear velocity of conveyors 6 and 61, as well as the construction of sliding shears 16 and 18 enforces perpendicular layout of stem layers on the plantation towards the machine drive direction.
Claims
1. The method of hemp harvest in which the whole stems with the seed panicles are cut, and then the stems without seeds are subject to retting directly on the plantation is characteristic in the fact that directly after cutting the plants, the stems are cut off into at least three sections, the sections with seed panicles are separated and the remaining stem sections are spread in layers on the plantation.
2. The hemp harvesting machine equipped in a cutting element, distributors and sectional conveyors, needle transporters situated perpendicularly towards the latter and a spreader, is characteristic in the fact that the needle transporter unit /6 and 6 V has a feed-in zone /A/ and discharge zone IBI to or from the assembly of at least two circular saws /13 and 14/ situated in the rear part of the platform 5, and in the discharge zone IB/ each saw cooperates with a pair of needle transporters 16 and 67, transporter /67, situated in the vicinity of the saw has a linear velocity higher than the velocity of transporter 161, in addition, each circular saw /13 and 14/ is assigned one sliding shear /16 and 17/, whose working plane is slanted crosswise towards the plane of the platform 151 and the plane of the plantation, and behind the circular saw unit /13 and 14/. below the platform [51 the belt conveyor /1_8/ is mounted, whose transmission band is situated perpendicularly to the rear edge of the platform I5J_ and in an adjustable manner in the horizontal rotational axis towards its plane.
3. The machine as claimed in claim 2, is characteristic in the fact that the sliding shears l\6 and 17/ are mounted on the edge of the platform 151 and their shape resembles circular sector, and the shears are situated on various levels. The machine as claimed in claim 2, is characteristic in the fact that the band of the transmission belt 018/ is equipped in anti-shde elements /19/, most preferably in the form of spikes.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL33686099A PL336860A1 (en) | 1999-11-30 | 1999-11-30 | Hemp harvesting method and apparatus |
| PLP336860 | 1999-11-30 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2001039590A2 true WO2001039590A2 (en) | 2001-06-07 |
| WO2001039590A3 WO2001039590A3 (en) | 2002-03-07 |
Family
ID=20075552
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/PL2000/000093 WO2001039590A2 (en) | 1999-11-30 | 2000-11-30 | The method of hemp harvest and hemp harvesting machine |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| PL (1) | PL336860A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001039590A2 (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2866516A1 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2005-08-26 | Guy Dehondt | Flax stalk treatment process includes cutting tops and roots from plants as they are lifted and before laying in swathes |
| FR2866517A1 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2005-08-26 | Guy Dehondt | Fibrous plant e.g. fiber flax, harvesting process, involves uprooting fibrous plants, laying down uprooted plants in windrow on ground, and cutting butts and crowns of plants after uprooting and before laying down in windrow |
| EP1623617A1 (en) * | 2004-08-05 | 2006-02-08 | Gruppo Fibranova S.r.l. | A machine for reaping hemp and similar plants |
| WO2007133098A1 (en) | 2006-05-15 | 2007-11-22 | INSTYTUT WLOKIEN NATURALNYCH Institute of Natural Fibers | A method and a device for harvesting hemp grown for seeds |
| RU2514447C2 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2014-04-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Костромская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия" | Flax pulling machine |
| WO2020097471A1 (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-05-14 | Mechanized Concepts, Llc | Harvesting machine, system, and method thereof |
| BE1027410A1 (en) | 2019-07-05 | 2021-01-29 | Cretes Nv | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PICKING TEXTILE HEMP |
| CN114007410A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2022-02-01 | 克里特斯公司 | Apparatus and method for harvesting textile hemp |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0941649A2 (en) * | 1998-02-24 | 1999-09-15 | Kranemann, Hans-Helmuth | Flax harvesting machine |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1414345A1 (en) * | 1986-08-06 | 1988-08-07 | Среднеазиатский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Механизации И Электрификации Сельского Хозяйства | Combine for harvesting high-stalk bast cultures |
-
1999
- 1999-11-30 PL PL33686099A patent/PL336860A1/en unknown
-
2000
- 2000-11-30 WO PCT/PL2000/000093 patent/WO2001039590A2/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0941649A2 (en) * | 1998-02-24 | 1999-09-15 | Kranemann, Hans-Helmuth | Flax harvesting machine |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE WPI Section PQ, Week 198920 Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class P12, AN 1989-148849 XP002168374 & SU 1 414 345 A (C ASIA AGRIC MECHN), 7 August 1988 (1988-08-07) * |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2866516A1 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2005-08-26 | Guy Dehondt | Flax stalk treatment process includes cutting tops and roots from plants as they are lifted and before laying in swathes |
| FR2866517A1 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2005-08-26 | Guy Dehondt | Fibrous plant e.g. fiber flax, harvesting process, involves uprooting fibrous plants, laying down uprooted plants in windrow on ground, and cutting butts and crowns of plants after uprooting and before laying down in windrow |
| WO2005082126A1 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2005-09-09 | Guy Dehondt | Method and machine for harvesting fibrous plants, especially fibre flax |
| EP1623617A1 (en) * | 2004-08-05 | 2006-02-08 | Gruppo Fibranova S.r.l. | A machine for reaping hemp and similar plants |
| WO2007133098A1 (en) | 2006-05-15 | 2007-11-22 | INSTYTUT WLOKIEN NATURALNYCH Institute of Natural Fibers | A method and a device for harvesting hemp grown for seeds |
| RU2514447C2 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2014-04-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Костромская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия" | Flax pulling machine |
| WO2020097471A1 (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-05-14 | Mechanized Concepts, Llc | Harvesting machine, system, and method thereof |
| BE1027410A1 (en) | 2019-07-05 | 2021-01-29 | Cretes Nv | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PICKING TEXTILE HEMP |
| CN114007410A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2022-02-01 | 克里特斯公司 | Apparatus and method for harvesting textile hemp |
| CN114007410B (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2023-12-12 | 克里特斯公司 | Device and method for harvesting textile hemp |
| EP4298890A2 (en) | 2019-07-05 | 2024-01-03 | Cretes NV | Device and method for harvesting textile hemp |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL336860A1 (en) | 2001-06-04 |
| WO2001039590A3 (en) | 2002-03-07 |
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