RU2513635C1 - Thermal probe for measurement of vertical distribution of water temperature - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement equipment.

SUBSTANCE: thermal probe is proposed for measurement of vertical distribution of water temperature, comprising a body that represents a stiff structure, equipped with a stabiliser and placed in a cassette, equipped with a mechanism of partitioning with a thermal probe body. Inside the thermal probe body there are two primary temperature converters, two measuring generators, communication lines, two filters, two converters of frequency-voltage and a recorder, and also a sensor of depth, a sensor of electric conductivity and a flow meter. The body in the lower part is equipped with an anchor weight with a hydroacoustic disconnector and a transceiving antenna of the hydroacoustic communication channel. In the upper part of the thermal probe body there is an antenna of a radio transmitter of a satellite communication radio channel, which is placed inside the body of the thermal probe.

EFFECT: expansion of functional capabilities of a device.

2 dwg

Description

The acquisition relates to the field of geophysical exploration, namely to the hydrosphere sounding device, and can be used as part of probing stationary, anchor, drifting, and bottom stations.

Known devices that are probes (patents RU No. 38233U1, 05.27.2004 ,. RU No. 67057 U1, 10/10/2007, RU No. 56993 U1, 09/10/2006, copyright certificate SU No. 868434 A1, 09/30/1981, JP patent No. 2112779 A, 04/25/1990, patent RU No. 2365940 C1, 08.27.2009, patent RU No. 2370787, 10.20.2009 [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7] or underwater probes, contain a robust housing made in the form cylinder, inside which is placed information-measuring equipment, program-control equipment, power supply unit and a device for regulating the buoyancy of the probe.

The technical result of the known devices is to reduce the size and weight, increase the reliability, which is achieved by the design of the buoyancy control devices, which are complex structures, including a device for moving magnetic fluid, a combustion chamber. The advantage of these devices, which contains a housing that includes a ballast block consisting of a chamber, the upper part of which is filled with a working magnetic fluid and communicated with the lower part of this chamber, where liquid ballast is displaced or received by a tube, the middle part of which is laid in a spiral in the stator of an asynchronous electric motor, which converts the energy of the rotating magnetic flux of the stator into the translational movement of the working fluid, it allows not only to reduce the dimensions of the probe, but also to ensure t regulation of positive and negative buoyancy of the probe, which ensures its movement in an aqueous medium.

Known devices are difficult to manufacture, occupy a significant internal usable volume.

Known underwater probes for the vertical distribution of water temperature, according to the method of communication with the supply vessel, can be divided into three groups: with a cable communication line, with autonomous data recording, and with a sonar communication channel for a thermal probe (BC Yastrebov. Methods and technical means of oceanology. L .: Gidrometeoizd. 1986, p. 33-34 [8]). Probing probes with a cable communication channel provide a sufficiently high measurement accuracy and reliable transmission of recorded information. Single and multi-core cable cables are used as a communication line. The information received on board the vessel, as a rule, is quickly processed by the ship's computer. The immersion part contains only resistive type temperature and pressure sensors. Membrane, helix or other sensitive elements with a potentiometric output are used as a pressure sensor. The measuring circuit is located on board the vessel and is connected to the probe by a multicore cable. As measuring circuits in the probes, balanced DC bridges are used. The voltage from the output of the bridge is supplied to a two-coordinate potentiometer-recorder or through an analog converter - a code for the input of the computer.

The so-called lost thermal probes are also known (B.C. Yastrebov. Methods and technical means of oceanology. L .: Gidrometeoizdat. 1986, p. 34). They are immersed in free fall mode, while a thin wire is unwound from the probe - a cable through which information is transmitted to the vessel. When the cable is completely unwound, the probe breaks. In these probes there is no pressure sensor and the depth is determined by the time of immersion. The block diagram of the lost thermal probe includes a primary temperature transducer, a communication line, a measuring circuit, and a recorder. In some designs of such probes, code or frequency modulated data transmission systems are used. They are characterized by high noise immunity of information transmission and allow the use of single-core cable cables. The structural diagram of such probes consists of two primary temperature converters, two measuring generators, a communication line, two filters and two frequency-voltage converters and a recorder. Temperature and depth sensors are included in the circuits of the measuring generators. Frequency-modulated signals from the outputs of the generators through the cable line enter the ship’s measuring complex. Band-pass filters separate signals of temperature and depth, after which they are fed to frequency-voltage converters and then to a two-coordinate potentiometer-recorder or recorded on magnetic tape or perforator tape.

A similar design has the lost Data Acquisition Systems thermal probe of the Mk-12 model (1991, Sippican Inc., 7 Bamabas Road, Marion, MA 02738-9983, p.B-4 [9]). The thermal probe is placed in a cylindrical metal box, in the upper part the box is articulated with a contact device. In the upper part of the box there is a thermal probe connected by a wire to a contact device. When the box contacts the water surface, the pin is pulled out and the contact device, together with the thermal probe, plunges toward the bottom. During the dive, the temperature of the water is measured by means of a thermal probe and the measured temperatures are recorded on a punch tape, which is located in the contact device, which is located on the surface. When the wire is completely unwound, the probe breaks. Towed instruments are used to measure the spatial distribution of water temperature in the surface and near-surface layers while the vessel is sailing. In this case, the towed device is a resistance thermometer towed behind the vessel on a cable cable in the surface layer of water. To study the spatial distribution of water temperature in a layer several hundred meters thick, towed nacelles and towed thermal braids with concentrated and distributed temperature sensors are used. Towed gondolas and thermal braids have the ability to move vertically by controlling the rudders of deepening devices.

Towed gondolas are a sealed instrument container connected by a cable-rope to the vessel. The container has special deepeners that allow you to hold it on a given horizon. In addition to the temperature sensor, a conductivity sensor and other meters are often installed. Measurement data is usually transmitted by cable to the side of the vessel, where it is recorded and processed. Sometimes data is recorded in a hardware container. Towed braids are a cable-cable, along the length of which temperature sensors are installed - usually resistance thermometers. A deepener is fixed at the lower end of the cable and a pressure sensor is installed that records the depth of travel of the lower end of the braid. Temperature sensors are connected to cable-cable communication lines, through which measurement data are transmitted to the vessel. The measurement and conversion scheme is based on the principle of sequential or parallel polling of sensors. Measurement data are recorded by recorders in the form of isotherms that characterize the spatial temperature distribution in the upper water layer.

The integral temperature of the layer from depth z ₁ to z ₂ is determined by the expression

$$\overline{T}=\mathrm{one}/z_2-z_{\mathrm{one}}{\displaystyle \underset{z\mathrm{one}}{\overset{z2}{\int }}T\left(z\right)}dz$$

Thermocosa consists of sensors integrated T, surface To and deep Tk temperature. A sensor and a burrower are installed at the end of the spit. Structurally, the braid is a cable with a deepener and a hardware container at the end. The container contains a transducer of the measured temperature into frequency and a channel commutator. As temperature sensors, quartz plates with a temperature cut are used. The accuracy of temperature to frequency conversion is determined mainly by the stability of the reference crystal oscillator and the temporary drift of the sensors. To measure the pressure, a PDV-50A type sensor with an accuracy class of 0.25 was used. A three-core cable cable KTB-6 with rubber insulation of copper conductors was used as an integral temperature sensor. Cable length 3000 m. The sensitive element of the distributed temperature converter are two interconnected internal copper cable conductors. The third core and the braid of the cable are the communication line between the equipment container and the vessel.

Information from temperature and pressure sensors after conversion to frequency is transmitted via cable to the vessel. The primary temperature transducer is included in the shoulder of a precision bridge, which is voltage stabilized and located in a thermostat. In addition to the resistance store, a compensator is included in the other shoulder of the bridge, which is a segment of the cable cable KTB-6. The diagonal of the bridge includes a recording potentiometer KSP-4, which registers the integral temperature. The frequency signal of the pressure and depth temperature sensor is fed through a low-pass filter to a frequency meter, from the output of which it is supplied in the form of a parallel binary decimal code to a code-analog converter and then to a KSP-4 recorder. Thermocouple for measuring the integral temperature is characterized by the following sensors sensitivity: integral temperature 0.02 degrees C, surface water temperatures 0.005 degrees C, deep water temperatures 0.005 degrees C. A significant drawback of towed probes is the limitation on weather conditions.

The objective of the proposed technical proposal is to simplify the design of the thermal probe while expanding the functional capabilities. Thermal probe for measuring the vertical distribution of water temperature, consisting of a housing, which is a rigid structure, equipped with a stabilizer and placed in a cassette equipped with a dismemberment mechanism with a thermal probe case, two primary temperature transducers, two measuring generators, communication lines, two filters are placed inside the thermal probe case two frequency converters - voltage and a recorder, as well as a depth sensor, a conductivity sensor and a flow meter, is different in that the housing is in the lower part is equipped with an anchor-load with a sonar disconnector and a transceiver antenna of a sonar communication channel; in the upper part of the thermoprobe housing, there is a radio transmitter antenna of the satellite radio channel, which is located inside the thermoprobe housing.

The essence of the claimed technical proposal is illustrated by drawings (figure 1 and figure 2). Figure 1 - design of the thermal probe. The thermal probe consists of a housing 1, which is a rigid structure, equipped with a stabilizer 2 and placed in a cassette 3, equipped with a dismemberment mechanism 4 with a thermal probe case 1, two primary temperature transducers 5, two measuring generators 6, communication lines 7, two are placed inside the thermal probe 1 filter 8, two frequency converters 9 — voltage and a recorder 10, as well as a depth sensor 11, a conductivity sensor 12, and a flow meter 13. The housing 1 in the lower part is equipped with an anchor weight 14 with a sonar disconnector 15 and a transceiver antenna 16 of a sonar communication channel with a starting device 17, in the upper part of the housing 1 of the thermal probe there is an antenna 18 of the radio transmitter 19 of the satellite radio channel, which is located inside the body of the thermal probe. The operating modes of the thermal probe are regulated by the control unit 20. Inside the thermal probe housing, a power source 21 is also located. Figure 2 is a structural diagram of a radio transmitter. The radio transmitter 19 consists of a reference oscillator 22, a short pulse shaper 23, a deviation level multiplexer 24, a ninth harmonic bypass filter modulator 25, a frequency tripler up to 135 MHz, a 27 phase locked loop, a frequency tripler 28, a frequency tripler up to 405 MHz, and a power amplifier 29, of the pin antenna 18. The case 1 of the thermal probe is a rigid structure and can be made of syntactic (spheroplast) or special plastics, for example, macrolon. The stabilizer 2 is designed to stabilize the thermal probe when it is immersed and ascended and is made in the form of a rubber shock absorber.

Stabilization of the thermal probe is achieved by shifting the center of gravity down (deep under the water), low surface and underwater windage. The radio transmitter 19 is designed to transmit the results of the measurement of hydrometeorological parameters via the radio channel of the satellite system, which identifies the drift probe and determines the coordinates of its location by radio signals, and performs the functions of generating a transmitted frame, generating a radio signal and transmitting an information frame in a pulse radiation mode.

The radio transmitter 19 provides operation in the transmission mode at a carrier frequency of 405937.5 ± 5 kHz.

The pin antenna 18 provides a radiation pattern similar to that of a quarter-wave pin with tolerances ranging from -3 to 4 dB in the operating range of elevation angles from 10 to 60 degrees. The sonar disconnector 15 of the type AHAR-MP is an automatic telecontrol device that provides disconnection of the armature - load 14 from the body 1 of the thermal probe. In a specific design, a sonar breaker with an electromagnetic actuator is used, which has the following characteristics: maximum working depth of 6000 m; communication range on the hydroacoustic communication channel 8000 m; number of control channels up to 90; measurement error of inclined range ± 15 m; operating frequency range 8-12.5 kHz. The structural diagram (Fig. 1.) of a thermal probe consists of two primary temperature converters 5, two measuring generators 6, a communication line 7, two filters 8 and two frequency-voltage converters 9 and a recorder 10. Sensors for measuring the temperature of depth 11, conductivity 12, and current 13 are included in the circuits of the measuring generators 6. Frequency-modulated signals from the outputs of the generators 6 through a cable communication line 6 enter the ship’s measuring complex. Band-pass filters 8 separate the temperature and depth signals, after which they are fed to frequency-to-voltage converters 9 and then to a two-coordinate potentiometer-recorder 10 or recorded on magnetic tape or perforator tape.

The thermal probe is discharged to the water surface from the supporting vessel using the mechanism of cassette holders.

At the moment of splashdown, when the cartridge 3 is hit by water, the mechanism 4 for breaking up the body of the thermal probe 1 is triggered, after undocking the cartridge 3 rises aboard the supply vessel, and the thermal probe under the weight of the anchor-load 14 is immersed. When the container is undocked, a timer is activated, which is part of the control unit 20 and which, in turn, starts the current source 21. After the current source 21 is activated, voltage is applied to the measuring equipment located in the thermal probe and the starting device 17. The starting device 17 is activated, releasing the transceiver antenna 16 sonar communication channel.

Upon reaching the bottom, the thermal probe continues to measure hydrological parameters according to the established program. When the program of bottom measurements is carried out according to the command transmitted from the supplying vessel via the hydro-acoustic communication channel, the hydro-acoustic breaker 15 is activated, the anchor-load 14 is disconnected from the thermal probe body 1 and the thermal probe starts to rise to the water surface, and the measuring equipment continues to record hydrological parameters. When the water surface is reached, according to the command transmitted from the supporting vessel via the hydro-acoustic communication channel, the telescopic device is activated, on which the antenna 18 of the satellite radio communication channel is installed. At the same time, the thermal probe continues to measure hydrological parameters, by means of the measuring temperature, and also due to the presence of a satellite communication channel, it becomes possible to determine the parameters of surface waves. The determination of the wave parameters is carried out by obtaining the wave profile using the integral method based on the data on the vertical velocity of the thermal probe while tracking it using equipment installed on an artificial Earth satellite, which allows us to exclude rough height measurements from the processing and to obtain information about the motion of the thermal probe only from highly accurate data about speed. At the same time, the secondary processing of satellite receiver data includes several standard algorithms, including a recurrent tracking filter with an infinite impulse response and a first-order astatism time constant, a second-order astatism tracking filter, standard estimates of the mean value and mean square error, standard algorithms for extracting the primary wave (first harmonic Fourier series). In this case, the unknown phase of the primary wave is excluded when calculating the square root of the sum of squares averaged over 15 minutes of the amplitudes of the cosine and sine components, and the direction of wave propagation is determined by the eastern and northern components of the velocity variations (orbital motion).

The practical implementation of the proposed method is not of technical complexity, since its implementation uses means having industrial applicability.

Information sources

1. Patent RU No. 38233 U1, 05.27.2004.

2. Patent RU No. 67057 U1, 10.10.2007.

3. Patent RU No. 566593 U1, 09/10/2006.

4. Copyright certificate SU No. 868434 A1, 09/30/1981.

5. JP patent No. 2112779 A, 04.25.1990.

6. Patent RU No. 2365940 C1, 08/27/2009.

7. Patent RU No. 2370787, 10.20.2009.

8. B.C. Hawks. Methods and technical means of oceanology. L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1986, p. 33-34.

9. “Data Acquisition Systems” Model Mk-12 (1991, Sippican Inc., 7 Bamabas Road Marion, MA 02738-9983, p. B-4.

Claims (1)

A thermal probe for measuring the vertical distribution of water temperature, consisting of a housing and consisting of a rigid structure, equipped with a stabilizer and placed in a cassette equipped with a partition mechanism with a thermal probe housing, two primary temperature transducers, two measuring generators, communication lines, two filters are placed inside the thermal probe housing two frequency converters - voltage and a recorder, as well as a depth sensor, a conductivity sensor and a flow meter, characterized in that the housing in the lower part it is equipped with an anchor weight with a hydroacoustic breaker and a transceiving antenna of a hydroacoustic communication channel, in the upper part of the thermoprobe housing there is a radio transmitter antenna of the satellite radio channel, which is located inside the thermoprobe housing.

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