CN115598217B - Device and method for in-situ measurement of low-frequency acoustic characteristics of seabed sediments - Google Patents

Device and method for in-situ measurement of low-frequency acoustic characteristics of seabed sediments Download PDF

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CN115598217B
CN115598217B CN202211594471.0A CN202211594471A CN115598217B CN 115598217 B CN115598217 B CN 115598217B CN 202211594471 A CN202211594471 A CN 202211594471A CN 115598217 B CN115598217 B CN 115598217B
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CN115598217A (en
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张国堙
陶春辉
周建平
张金辉
邓显明
徐巍军
王渊
丘磊
王汉闯
柳云龙
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Second Institute of Oceanography MNR
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Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for in-situ measurement of low-frequency acoustic characteristics of a seabed sediment layer, wherein the device comprises a deck subsystem and an underwater detection subsystem, the deck subsystem comprises a hydraulic unit and a display control unit, and the underwater detection subsystem comprises an acoustic transmitting unit and an acoustic receiving unit; the acoustic transmitting unit comprises a transmitting transducer and a transmitting circuit module; the acoustic receiving unit comprises a conical probe, a first acoustic probe, a receiving circuit probe and a second acoustic probe. The deck subsystem and the underwater detection subsystem are powered and communicated through a four-core cable, and real-time state display and remote control of the deck subsystem on the underwater detection subsystem are achieved. The acoustic receiving unit is based on a hydraulic unit, and can penetrate into a hard deposition layer to obtain the acoustic characteristics of the deposition layer with a large depth profile. The method is suitable for the in-situ measurement of the large-depth low-frequency acoustic characteristics of the seabed sediment layer, can accurately obtain the sound velocity and the sound attenuation coefficient of the sediment layer in situ, and is used for ocean sound field calculation and seabed engineering geological exploration.

Description

一种海底沉积层的低频声学特性原位测量装置与方法An in-situ measurement device and method for low-frequency acoustic characteristics of seafloor sediments

技术领域Technical Field

本发明属于海底沉积层声学特性测量技术领域,具体涉及一种海底沉积层的低频声学特性原位测量装置与方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of acoustic property measurement of seabed sediment layers, and in particular relates to an in-situ measurement device and method for low-frequency acoustic properties of seabed sediment layers.

背景技术Background Art

声学特性是海洋的重要环境要素,在海洋科学及海洋工程中广泛应用。海底表层沉积层的声学特性作为海洋中声波传播的下边界,与海洋水体的声学特性共同约束海洋中的声波传播,是海洋声场计算的关键参数之一。同时,海底沉积层也是海洋工程建设的直接对象,其声学特性与弹性力学密切相关,是开展海洋工程地质评价的重要内容。海底沉积层的声学特性测量有两种方法:一种是取样测量,另一种是原位测量。取样测量是把沉积层的样品从海底采集后,在实验室进行测量,该测量方式带来两方面的问题:一方面是样品采集和搬运过程造成了沉积物的扰动,改变了其原始的物理状态,另一方面是脱离了海底原始的温度和压力环境,改变了其原始的环境条件。沉积物的物理状态与环境条件对声学特性有重要影响,基于此,国际国内都在积极发展原位测量技术,把测量仪器贯入海底沉积物中进行原位测量。Acoustic properties are important environmental factors of the ocean and are widely used in marine science and marine engineering. The acoustic properties of the seafloor surface sediment layer, as the lower boundary of sound wave propagation in the ocean, and the acoustic properties of the ocean water body jointly constrain the propagation of sound waves in the ocean, and are one of the key parameters for calculating the ocean acoustic field. At the same time, the seafloor sediment layer is also the direct object of marine engineering construction. Its acoustic properties are closely related to elastic mechanics and are an important part of marine engineering geological evaluation. There are two methods for measuring the acoustic properties of seafloor sediments: one is sampling measurement and the other is in-situ measurement. Sampling measurement is to collect samples of the sediment layer from the seabed and measure them in the laboratory. This measurement method brings two problems: on the one hand, the sample collection and transportation process causes disturbance of the sediment and changes its original physical state; on the other hand, it is separated from the original temperature and pressure environment of the seabed and changes its original environmental conditions. The physical state and environmental conditions of the sediment have an important influence on the acoustic properties. Based on this, both internationally and domestically, in-situ measurement technology is actively developed to insert measuring instruments into the seabed sediments for in-situ measurement.

目前,海底沉积层的声学特性原位测量主要是针对表层进行测量,利用设备自重贯入沉积层中,贯入的深度通常小于10米,这种测量技术可满足海洋声场计算需求。但是,海洋工程建设需要测量更大深度的海底沉积层的声学特性,利用设备自重贯入的方式不能满足海底工程建设的地质勘查要求,难以开展大深度沉积层的声学特性测量,同时,也不适宜开展低频率的测量作业。At present, the in-situ measurement of the acoustic characteristics of the submarine sediment layer is mainly carried out on the surface layer, using the equipment's own weight to penetrate into the sediment layer, and the penetration depth is usually less than 10 meters. This measurement technology can meet the needs of ocean acoustic field calculation. However, marine engineering construction requires the measurement of the acoustic characteristics of submarine sediment layers at greater depths. The method of using the equipment's own weight to penetrate cannot meet the geological exploration requirements of submarine engineering construction, and it is difficult to carry out acoustic characteristic measurements of deep sediment layers. At the same time, it is not suitable for low-frequency measurement operations.

发明内容Summary of the invention

本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足,提供一种海底沉积层的低频声学特性原位测量装置与方法,本发明集成度高,安装方便,基于液压单元,能够贯入较深的海底沉积地层,适宜开展低频作业,可反复使用。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an in-situ measurement device and method for the low-frequency acoustic characteristics of seabed sediments in view of the deficiencies in the prior art. The present invention has high integration and is easy to install. Based on a hydraulic unit, it can penetrate deeper seabed sedimentary strata, is suitable for low-frequency operations, and can be used repeatedly.

本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的:一种海底沉积层的低频声学特性原位测量装置,该装置包括甲板分系统与水下探测分系统;所述甲板分系统包括液压单元与显控单元;所述水下探测分系统包括声学发射单元与声学接收单元;所述声学发射单元包括半球指向性低频发射换能器与半球指向性高频发射换能器;所述声学接收单元包括从上到下依次连接成一根探杆的第二声学探杆、接收电路探杆、第一声学探杆以及锥形探头;The present invention is realized by the following technical scheme: an in-situ measurement device for low-frequency acoustic characteristics of a seabed sediment layer, the device comprising a deck subsystem and an underwater detection subsystem; the deck subsystem comprises a hydraulic unit and a display and control unit; the underwater detection subsystem comprises an acoustic transmitting unit and an acoustic receiving unit; the acoustic transmitting unit comprises a hemispherical directional low-frequency transmitting transducer and a hemispherical directional high-frequency transmitting transducer; the acoustic receiving unit comprises a second acoustic probe rod, a receiving circuit probe rod, a first acoustic probe rod and a conical probe, which are sequentially connected from top to bottom to form a probe rod;

所述的第一声学探杆的内部嵌入安装第一接收换能器和第二接收换能器;所述的第二声学探杆的内部嵌入安装第三接收换能器和第四接收换能器;The first acoustic probe rod has a first receiving transducer and a second receiving transducer embedded in it; the second acoustic probe rod has a third receiving transducer and a fourth receiving transducer embedded in it;

所述第一声学探杆设置第一4孔透声窗和第二4孔透声窗,第二声学探杆设置第三4孔透声窗和第四4孔透声窗,所有透声窗的径向内陷1mm,第一接收换能器、第二接收换能器、第三接收换能器和第四接收换能器分别对应安装嵌入第一4孔透声窗、第二4孔透声窗、第三4孔透声窗和第四4孔透声窗内部,并且探杆外壁设置若干声衰减凹槽,所述第一声学探杆和接收电路探杆之间以及接收电路探杆和第二声学探杆之间均通过4芯插座电缆通信与供电,所述4芯插座电缆由第一插头、电滑环与第二插头组成,两芯供电,两芯通信;The first acoustic probe rod is provided with a first 4-hole sound-transmitting window and a second 4-hole sound-transmitting window, and the second acoustic probe rod is provided with a third 4-hole sound-transmitting window and a fourth 4-hole sound-transmitting window. The radial inward depression of all the sound-transmitting windows is 1mm. The first receiving transducer, the second receiving transducer, the third receiving transducer and the fourth receiving transducer are respectively installed and embedded in the first 4-hole sound-transmitting window, the second 4-hole sound-transmitting window, the third 4-hole sound-transmitting window and the fourth 4-hole sound-transmitting window, and a plurality of sound attenuation grooves are provided on the outer wall of the probe rod. The first acoustic probe rod and the receiving circuit probe rod, as well as the receiving circuit probe rod and the second acoustic probe rod, are communicated and powered by a 4-core socket cable. The 4-core socket cable consists of a first plug, an electric slip ring and a second plug, with two cores for power supply and two cores for communication.

所述半球指向性高频发射换能器用于发射声波测量和各个接收换能器之间的距离,所述半球指向性低频发射换能器用于发射声波,通过声学接收单元接收进一步测量声学特性;The hemispherical directional high-frequency transmitting transducer is used to transmit sound waves to measure the distance between each receiving transducer, and the hemispherical directional low-frequency transmitting transducer is used to transmit sound waves, which are received by the acoustic receiving unit to further measure the acoustic characteristics;

所述液压单元用于将声学接收单元通过液压贯入海底沉积层;所述显控单元用于控制声学发射单元上发射换能器的发射参数,并接收声学接收单元上接收换能器采集的数据。The hydraulic unit is used to penetrate the acoustic receiving unit into the seabed sediment layer through hydraulic pressure; the display and control unit is used to control the transmission parameters of the transmitting transducer on the acoustic transmitting unit and receive the data collected by the receiving transducer on the acoustic receiving unit.

进一步地,所述显控单元用于声学发射单元的控制与声学接收单元的数据采集,基于时钟同步信号控制发射与数据采集工作。Furthermore, the display and control unit is used for controlling the acoustic transmitting unit and collecting data of the acoustic receiving unit, and controls the transmission and data collection based on a clock synchronization signal.

进一步地,所述的声学发射单元还包括一个水中声速仪,用于测量水中声速。Furthermore, the acoustic emission unit also includes an underwater sound velocity meter for measuring the sound velocity in water.

进一步地,所述的锥形探头,其直径比第一声学探杆和第二声学探杆的直径大2mm,在贯入海底沉积层时扩孔。Furthermore, the conical probe has a diameter 2 mm larger than the diameters of the first acoustic probe and the second acoustic probe, and expands the hole when penetrating into the seabed sediment layer.

进一步地,第一声学探杆与第二声学探杆上分别安装的2只接收换能器的间距相同;第一声学探杆与第二声学探杆上安装的4只相邻接收换能器的极化方向相反。Furthermore, the distances between the two receiving transducers respectively installed on the first acoustic probe rod and the second acoustic probe rod are the same; and the polarization directions of the four adjacent receiving transducers installed on the first acoustic probe rod and the second acoustic probe rod are opposite.

进一步地,所述接收电路探杆内部配置姿态传感器,实时监测海底沉积层中探杆的姿态。Furthermore, a posture sensor is configured inside the receiving circuit probe rod to monitor the posture of the probe rod in the seabed sediment layer in real time.

进一步地,第一声学探杆设置位移传感器,获得整体探杆贯入沉积物中的深度。Furthermore, the first acoustic probe is provided with a displacement sensor to obtain the penetration depth of the entire probe into the sediment.

本发明还提供了一种海底沉积层的低频声学特性原位测量方法,该方法包括以下步骤:The present invention also provides a method for in-situ measurement of low-frequency acoustic characteristics of a seafloor sediment layer, the method comprising the following steps:

(1)在作业时,布放声学发射单元,待声学发射单元坐底后,通过液压单元将声学接收单元贯入海底沉积层;(1) During operation, the acoustic transmitting unit is deployed, and after the acoustic transmitting unit is seated on the bottom, the acoustic receiving unit is penetrated into the seabed sediment layer through the hydraulic unit;

(2)在贯入海底沉积层的过程中,开始进行水中测量;待声学接收单元贯入沉积层中,使用与水中相同的发射频率进行沉积层声学特性测量;(2) During the process of penetrating into the seabed sediment layer, underwater measurement is started; after the acoustic receiving unit penetrates into the sediment layer, the acoustic characteristics of the sediment layer are measured using the same transmission frequency as in the water;

(3)通过声学接收单元采集沉积层和水体中的声波数据,传输到显控单元,进行数据的后期处理,获得海底沉积物的原位声学特性参数。(3) The acoustic receiving unit collects the acoustic wave data in the sediment layer and water body, transmits it to the display and control unit, and performs post-processing on the data to obtain the in-situ acoustic characteristic parameters of the seabed sediments.

本发明的有益效果是:基于甲板分系统的液压贯入单元,利用设计的探杆装置,可以贯入较大深度的海底沉积层,开展声学特性原位测量,通过探杆的声学窗设计,能够确保接收较大深度沉积层的声波,并且有效保护接收换能器在大深度沉积层的受力,保持接收换能器的接收灵敏度。本发明利用分立设置的发射换能器,可以采用较大尺寸的低频声学换能器,并且集成高频换能器与水中声速仪,完成发射换能器与接收换能器之间的相对距离测量;本发明实现了海底沉积层的声学特性较大深度原位低频测量,为海洋工程领域开展海底沉积层的弹性力学评价提供了有效的手段。The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: based on the hydraulic penetration unit of the deck subsystem, the designed probe device can penetrate into the seabed sediment layer at a greater depth to carry out in-situ measurement of acoustic characteristics. Through the acoustic window design of the probe rod, it can ensure the reception of sound waves in the sediment layer at a greater depth, and effectively protect the receiving transducer from the stress in the sediment layer at a great depth, and maintain the receiving sensitivity of the receiving transducer. The present invention uses a discretely arranged transmitting transducer, can use a larger-sized low-frequency acoustic transducer, and integrates a high-frequency transducer with an underwater sound velocity meter to complete the relative distance measurement between the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer; the present invention realizes the in-situ low-frequency measurement of the acoustic characteristics of the seabed sediment layer at a greater depth, and provides an effective means for conducting elastic mechanical evaluation of the seabed sediment layer in the field of marine engineering.

附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图做简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

图1为本发明总体结构示意图。FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

图2为本发明的声学发射单元示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an acoustic emission unit of the present invention.

图3为本发明的声学接收单元示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an acoustic receiving unit of the present invention.

图4为本发明的声学探杆、接收电路探杆之间的连接方案示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a connection scheme between an acoustic probe rod and a receiving circuit probe rod of the present invention.

图5为本发明的测量方法计算示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing calculation of the measurement method of the present invention.

图中,液压单元1.1、显控单元1.2、声学发射单元2.1、声学接收单元2.2、半球指向性低频发射换能器2.1.1、半球指向性高频发射换能器2.1.2、水中声速仪2.1.3、锥形探头2.2.1、第一声学探杆2.2.2、接收电路探杆2.2.3、第二声学探杆2.2.4、第一接收换能器2.2.2.1、第二接收换能器2.2.2.2、第三接收换能器2.2.4.1、第四接收换能器2.2.4.2、第一4孔透声窗2.2.2.3、第二4孔透声窗2.2.2.4、第三4孔透声窗2.2.4.3、第四4孔透声窗2.2.4.4。In the figure, hydraulic unit 1.1, display and control unit 1.2, acoustic transmitting unit 2.1, acoustic receiving unit 2.2, hemispherical directional low-frequency transmitting transducer 2.1.1, hemispherical directional high-frequency transmitting transducer 2.1.2, underwater sound velocity meter 2.1.3, conical probe 2.2.1, first acoustic probe rod 2.2.2, receiving circuit probe rod 2.2.3, second acoustic probe rod 2.2.4, first receiving transducer 2.2.2.1, second receiving transducer 2.2.2.2, third receiving transducer 2.2.4.1, fourth receiving transducer 2.2.4.2, first 4-hole sound-transmitting window 2.2.2.3, second 4-hole sound-transmitting window 2.2.2.4, third 4-hole sound-transmitting window 2.2.4.3, fourth 4-hole sound-transmitting window 2.2.4.4.

具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION

下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

如图1-图3所示,本发明一种海底沉积层的低频声学特性原位测量装置包括甲板分系统与水下探测分系统;所述甲板分系统包括液压单元1.1与显控单元1.2;所述水下探测分系统包括声学发射单元2.1与声学接收单元2.2;所述发射单元包括半球指向性低频发射换能器2.1.1与半球指向性高频100kHz ~ 200kHz发射换能器2.1.2,半球指向性低频发射换能器2.1.1的频率为1kHz ~ 8kHz,半球指向性高频发射换能器2.1.2的频率为100kHz~ 200kHz;所述声学接收单元包括锥形探头2.2.1、第一声学探杆2.2.2、接收电路探杆2.2.3以及第二声学探杆2.2.4;所述的第一声学探杆2.2.2安装第一接收换能器2.2.2.1、第二接收换能器2.2.2.2;所述的第二声学探杆2.2.4安装第三接收换能器2.2.4.1、第四接收换能器2.2.4.2;所述接收电路探杆2.2.3位于第一声学探杆2.2.2与第二声学探杆2.2.4之间,所述锥形探头2.2.1、第一声学探杆2.2.2、接收电路探杆2.2.3以及第二声学探杆2.2.4通过螺纹连接成一根声学探杆。As shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, an in-situ measurement device for low-frequency acoustic characteristics of a seabed sediment layer of the present invention comprises a deck subsystem and an underwater detection subsystem; the deck subsystem comprises a hydraulic unit 1.1 and a display and control unit 1.2; the underwater detection subsystem comprises an acoustic transmitting unit 2.1 and an acoustic receiving unit 2.2; the transmitting unit comprises a hemispherical directional low-frequency transmitting transducer 2.1.1 and a hemispherical directional high-frequency 100kHz to 200kHz transmitting transducer 2.1.2, the frequency of the hemispherical directional low-frequency transmitting transducer 2.1.1 is 1kHz to 8kHz, and the frequency of the hemispherical directional high-frequency transmitting transducer 2.1.2 is 100kHz to 200kHz; the acoustic receiving unit includes a conical probe 2.2.1, a first acoustic probe rod 2.2.2, a receiving circuit probe rod 2.2.3 and a second acoustic probe rod 2.2.4; the first acoustic probe rod 2.2.2 is installed with a first receiving transducer 2.2.2.1 and a second receiving transducer 2.2.2.2; the second acoustic probe rod 2.2.4 is installed with a third receiving transducer 2.2.4.1 and a fourth receiving transducer 2.2.4.2; the receiving circuit probe rod 2.2.3 is located between the first acoustic probe rod 2.2.2 and the second acoustic probe rod 2.2.4, and the conical probe 2.2.1, the first acoustic probe rod 2.2.2, the receiving circuit probe rod 2.2.3 and the second acoustic probe rod 2.2.4 are connected into an acoustic probe rod by threads.

所述半球指向性高频发射换能器2.1.2用于发射声波测量和各个接收换能器之间的距离,所述半球指向性低频发射换能器2.1.1用于发射声波,通过声学接收单元2.2接收进一步测量声学特性;The hemispherical directional high-frequency transmitting transducer 2.1.2 is used to transmit sound waves to measure the distance between each receiving transducer, and the hemispherical directional low-frequency transmitting transducer 2.1.1 is used to transmit sound waves, which are received by the acoustic receiving unit 2.2 to further measure the acoustic characteristics;

所述液压单元1.1用于将声学接收单元2.2通过液压贯入海底沉积层;所述显控单元1.2用于控制声学发射单元2.1上发射换能器的发射参数,并接收声学接收单元2.2上接收换能器采集的数据,基于时钟同步信号控制发射与数据采集工作。The hydraulic unit 1.1 is used to penetrate the acoustic receiving unit 2.2 into the seabed sediment layer through hydraulic pressure; the display and control unit 1.2 is used to control the transmission parameters of the transmitting transducer on the acoustic transmitting unit 2.1, and receive the data collected by the receiving transducer on the acoustic receiving unit 2.2, and control the transmission and data collection work based on the clock synchronization signal.

如图2所示,所述的声学发射单元2.1包括一个水中声速仪2.1.3,用于测量水中声速。As shown in FIG. 2 , the acoustic transmitting unit 2.1 includes an underwater sound velocity meter 2.1.3 for measuring the sound velocity in water.

所述的锥形探头2.2.1,其直径比第一声学探杆2.2.2和第二声学探杆2.2.4的直径大2mm,在贯入海底沉积层时扩孔。The conical probe 2.2.1 has a diameter 2 mm larger than that of the first acoustic probe rod 2.2.2 and the second acoustic probe rod 2.2.4, and expands the hole when penetrating into the seabed sediment layer.

如图3所示,所述第一声学探杆2.2.2设置第一4孔透声窗2.2.2.3和第二4孔透声窗2.2.2.4,第二声学探杆2.2.4设置第三4孔透声窗2.2.4.3和第四4孔透声窗2.2.4.4,所有透声窗内陷1mm,第一接收换能器2.2.2.1、第二接收换能器2.2.2.2、第三接收换能器2.2.4.1和第四接收换能器2.2.4.2分别对应安装嵌入第一4孔透声窗2.2.2.3、第二4孔透声窗2.2.2.4、第三4孔透声窗2.2.4.3和第四4孔透声窗2.2.4.4内部,并且探杆外壁设置若干声衰减凹槽。As shown in Figure 3, the first acoustic probe rod 2.2.2 is provided with a first 4-hole sound-transmitting window 2.2.2.3 and a second 4-hole sound-transmitting window 2.2.2.4, the second acoustic probe rod 2.2.4 is provided with a third 4-hole sound-transmitting window 2.2.4.3 and a fourth 4-hole sound-transmitting window 2.2.4.4, all the sound-transmitting windows are recessed by 1mm, the first receiving transducer 2.2.2.1, the second receiving transducer 2.2.2.2, the third receiving transducer 2.2.4.1 and the fourth receiving transducer 2.2.4.2 are respectively installed and embedded in the first 4-hole sound-transmitting window 2.2.2.3, the second 4-hole sound-transmitting window 2.2.2.4, the third 4-hole sound-transmitting window 2.2.4.3 and the fourth 4-hole sound-transmitting window 2.2.4.4, and a plurality of sound attenuation grooves are provided on the outer wall of the probe rod.

如图4所示,所述第一声学探杆2.2.2、接收电路探杆2.2.3以及第二声学探杆2.2.4通过4芯插座电缆通信与供电,所述4芯插座电缆由第一插头2.2.2.5、电滑环2.2.2.6与第二插头2.2.2.7组成,探杆通过螺纹连接。As shown in Fig. 4, the first acoustic probe 2.2.2, the receiving circuit probe 2.2.3 and the second acoustic probe 2.2.4 communicate and are powered via a 4-core socket cable. The 4-core socket cable consists of a first plug 2.2.2.5, an electric slip ring 2.2.2.6 and a second plug 2.2.2.7. The probes are connected by threads.

所述第一声学探杆2.2.2与第二声学探杆2.2.4上上分别安装的2只接收换能器的间距相同;第一声学探杆2.2.2与第二声学探杆2.2.4上安装的4只相邻接收换能器的极化方向相反。The distances between the two receiving transducers respectively installed on the first acoustic probe rod 2.2.2 and the second acoustic probe rod 2.2.4 are the same; the polarization directions of the four adjacent receiving transducers installed on the first acoustic probe rod 2.2.2 and the second acoustic probe rod 2.2.4 are opposite.

所述接收电路探杆2.2.3内部配置姿态传感器,可以实时监测海底沉积层中探杆的姿态。The receiving circuit probe rod 2.2.3 is internally configured with a posture sensor, which can monitor the posture of the probe rod in the seabed sediment layer in real time.

所述第一声学探杆2.2.2设置位移传感器,可以获得探杆贯入沉积物中的深度。The first acoustic probe 2.2.2 is provided with a displacement sensor, which can obtain the depth of penetration of the probe into the sediment.

本发明提供的一种海底沉积层的低频声学特性原位测量装置在调查船完成安装与调试后,布放声学发射单元2.1入水至海底,水中声速仪2.1.3测量海水的声速,然后基于液压单元1.1布放声学接收单元2.2探杆,探杆中的第一接收换能器2.2.2.1、第二接收换能器2.2.2.2、第三接收换能器2.2.4.1和第四接收换能器2.2.4.2入水后,半球指向性高频发射换能器2.1.2在水中发射声波,利用四只接收换能器接收到的声波传播时间,基于水中声速仪2.1.3测量的水中声速,计算获得半球指向性高频发射换能器2.1.2分别与第一接收换能器2.2.2.1、第二接收换能器2.2.2.2、第三接收换能器2.2.4.1和第四接收换能器2.2.4.2之间的距离。探杆触底后,开始匀速贯入海底沉积层,半球指向性低频发射换能器2.1.1发射声波,利用四只接收换能器接收到的声波传播时间与声波振幅,并且基于半球指向性低频发射换能器2.1.1与四只接收换能器的水平投影距离和贯入深度,换算半球指向性低频发射换能器2.1.1与四只接收换能器之间的距离,由此计算不同层位的海底沉积层的声速与声衰减系数。After the survey ship is installed and debugged, the in-situ measurement device for low-frequency acoustic characteristics of seabed sediment provided by the present invention deploys an acoustic transmitting unit 2.1 into the seabed, and the underwater sound velocity meter 2.1.3 measures the sound velocity of the seawater. Then, based on the hydraulic unit 1.1, the acoustic receiving unit 2.2 probe rod is deployed. The first receiving transducer 2.2.2.1, the second receiving transducer 2.2.2.2, the third receiving transducer 2.2.4.1 and the fourth receiving transducer 2.2.4 in the probe rod are .2 After entering the water, the hemispherical directional high-frequency transmitting transducer 2.1.2 transmits sound waves in the water. The propagation time of the sound waves received by the four receiving transducers is used to calculate the distances between the hemispherical directional high-frequency transmitting transducer 2.1.2 and the first receiving transducer 2.2.2.1, the second receiving transducer 2.2.2.2, the third receiving transducer 2.2.4.1 and the fourth receiving transducer 2.2.4.2 based on the underwater sound speed measured by the underwater sound speed meter 2.1.3. After the probe touches the bottom, it begins to penetrate the seabed sediment layer at a uniform speed. The hemispherical directional low-frequency transmitting transducer 2.1.1 transmits sound waves. The sound wave propagation time and sound wave amplitude received by the four receiving transducers are used, and based on the horizontal projection distance and penetration depth between the hemispherical directional low-frequency transmitting transducer 2.1.1 and the four receiving transducers, the distance between the hemispherical directional low-frequency transmitting transducer 2.1.1 and the four receiving transducers is converted, thereby calculating the sound velocity and sound attenuation coefficient of the seabed sediment layers at different levels.

如图5所示,声学探杆在某时刻,发射换能器与4只接收换能器之间的距离分别为

Figure SMS_2
Figure SMS_9
Figure SMS_12
Figure SMS_3
,发射换能器与接收换能器之间的声传播时间分别为
Figure SMS_6
Figure SMS_10
Figure SMS_13
Figure SMS_1
,其中,水中声速为声速仪测得的
Figure SMS_5
。4只接收换能器的间距分别为
Figure SMS_8
Figure SMS_11
Figure SMS_4
,发射换能器与探杆的水平投影距离为L,接收换能器相对于发射换能器水平投影点的改正值为
Figure SMS_7
。As shown in Figure 5, at a certain moment, the distances between the transmitting transducer and the four receiving transducers of the acoustic probe are
Figure SMS_2
,
Figure SMS_9
,
Figure SMS_12
and
Figure SMS_3
, the acoustic propagation time between the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer is
Figure SMS_6
,
Figure SMS_10
,
Figure SMS_13
and
Figure SMS_1
, where the speed of sound in water is the speed of sound measured by the sound velocity meter
Figure SMS_5
The spacing between the 4 receiving transducers is
Figure SMS_8
,
Figure SMS_11
and
Figure SMS_4
, the horizontal projection distance between the transmitting transducer and the probe is L, and the correction value of the receiving transducer relative to the horizontal projection point of the transmitting transducer is
Figure SMS_7
.

Figure SMS_14
Figure SMS_14

基于上述公式(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)及(5),求得发射换能器与接收换能器在某时刻的距离

Figure SMS_15
Figure SMS_16
Figure SMS_17
Figure SMS_18
,利用发射换能器与接收换能器在海底沉积层中的传播时间,求得沉积层的声速与声衰减系数。Based on the above formulas (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5), the distance between the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer at a certain time is obtained:
Figure SMS_15
,
Figure SMS_16
,
Figure SMS_17
and
Figure SMS_18
, the propagation time of the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer in the seabed sediment layer is used to obtain the sound velocity and sound attenuation coefficient of the sediment layer.

另一方面,本发明还提供了一种利用上述装置实现海底沉积层的低频声学特性原位测量的方法,在作业时,布放声学发射单元2.1,待声学发射单元坐底后,通过液压单元1.1将声学接收单元2.2贯入海底沉积层;在贯入海底沉积层的过程中,开始进行水中测量;待声学接收单元2.2贯入沉积层中,使用与水中相同的发射参数进行沉积层声学特性测量;通过声学接收单元2.2采集沉积层和水体中的声波数据,传输到显控单元1.2,进行数据的后期处理,获得海底沉积物的原位声学特性参数。On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for realizing in-situ measurement of low-frequency acoustic characteristics of seabed sediment layers by using the above-mentioned device. During operation, the acoustic transmitting unit 2.1 is deployed, and after the acoustic transmitting unit is seated on the bottom, the acoustic receiving unit 2.2 is penetrated into the seabed sediment layer by the hydraulic unit 1.1; during the process of penetrating into the seabed sediment layer, underwater measurement is started; after the acoustic receiving unit 2.2 penetrates into the sediment layer, the acoustic characteristics of the sediment layer are measured using the same transmission parameters as those in water; the acoustic wave data in the sediment layer and the water body are collected by the acoustic receiving unit 2.2, and transmitted to the display and control unit 1.2, and the data is post-processed to obtain the in-situ acoustic characteristic parameters of the seabed sediments.

具体实现步骤如下:The specific implementation steps are as follows:

步骤1:系统安装Step 1: System Installation

1.1)检查确认所述的各个单元部件正常;1.1) Check and confirm that all the components of the units are normal;

1.2)分别装配甲板分系统与水下探测分系统。1.2) Assemble the deck subsystem and underwater detection subsystem separately.

步骤2:系统调试Step 2: System debugging

2.1)使用4芯插座电缆,连接显控单元1.2与水下探测分系统的声学发射单元2.1、声学接收单元2.2;2.1) Use a 4-core socket cable to connect the display and control unit 1.2 with the acoustic transmitting unit 2.1 and the acoustic receiving unit 2.2 of the underwater detection subsystem;

2.2)按照具体作业要求,进行供电与通信调试。2.2) Carry out power supply and communication debugging according to specific operation requirements.

步骤3:系统布放Step 3: System deployment

3.1)使用绞车吊放声学发射单元2.1,布放入水;3.1) Use a winch to lower the acoustic transmitting unit 2.1 and place it in the water;

3.2)声学发射单元2.1触底后,停止布放;3.2) After the acoustic transmitting unit 2.1 touches the bottom, the deployment is stopped;

3.3)利用液压单元1.1布放声学接收单元2.2,当锥形探头2.2.1、第一声学探杆2.2.2、接收电路探杆2.2.3以及第二声学探杆2.2.4全部入水后,声学发射单元2.1的半球指向性高频发射换能器2.1.2发射声波,四只接收换能器记录声波传播时间,水中声速仪2.1.3测量海水声速;3.3) Using the hydraulic unit 1.1, the acoustic receiving unit 2.2 is deployed. When the conical probe 2.2.1, the first acoustic probe rod 2.2.2, the receiving circuit probe rod 2.2.3 and the second acoustic probe rod 2.2.4 are all submerged in water, the hemispherical directional high-frequency transmitting transducer 2.1.2 of the acoustic transmitting unit 2.1 transmits sound waves, the four receiving transducers record the propagation time of the sound waves, and the underwater sound velocity meter 2.1.3 measures the sound velocity of seawater;

3.4)利用液压单元1.1继续将锥形探头2.2.1、第一声学探杆2.2.2、接收电路探杆2.2.3以及第二声学探杆2.2.4贯入海底沉积层中,声学发射单元2.1的半球指向性低频发射换能器2.1.1发射声波,四只接收换能器记录声波传播时间;3.4) Using the hydraulic unit 1.1, the conical probe 2.2.1, the first acoustic probe rod 2.2.2, the receiving circuit probe rod 2.2.3 and the second acoustic probe rod 2.2.4 are further inserted into the seabed sediment layer. The hemispherical directional low-frequency transmitting transducer 2.1.1 of the acoustic transmitting unit 2.1 transmits sound waves, and the four receiving transducers record the propagation time of the sound waves.

3.5)当探杆到达海底沉积层的预定深度后或者遇硬质地层后,停止贯入,回收探杆。3.5) When the probe reaches the predetermined depth of the seabed sediment layer or encounters a hard stratum, the penetration is stopped and the probe is recovered.

步骤4:系统回收Step 4: System recovery

4.1)作业完成后,回收水下探测分系统至甲板;4.1) After the operation is completed, recover the underwater detection subsystem to the deck;

4.2)拆卸水下探测分系统,淡水冲洗后存放至阴凉干燥处。4.2) Disassemble the underwater detection subsystem, rinse with fresh water and store in a cool and dry place.

上述实施例用来解释说明本发明,而不是对本发明进行限制,在本发明的精神和权利要求的保护范围内,对本发明作出的任何修改和改变,都落入本发明的保护范围。The above embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention rather than to limit the present invention. Any modification and change made to the present invention within the spirit of the present invention and the protection scope of the claims shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. An in-situ measuring device for low-frequency acoustic characteristics of a seabed sediment layer is characterized by comprising a deck subsystem and an underwater detection subsystem; the deck subsystem comprises a hydraulic unit (1.1) and a display control unit (1.2); the underwater detection subsystem comprises an acoustic transmitting unit (2.1) and an acoustic receiving unit (2.2); the acoustic emission unit (2.1) comprises a hemispherical directional low-frequency emission transducer (2.1.1) and a hemispherical directional high-frequency emission transducer (2.1.2); the acoustic receiving unit (2.2) comprises a conical probe (2.2.1), a first acoustic probe (2.2.2), a receiving circuit probe (2.2.3) and a second acoustic probe (2.2.4), which are sequentially connected from bottom to top into a probe rod;
the first acoustic probe rod (2.2.2) is internally embedded with a first receiving transducer (2.2.2.1) and a second receiving transducer (2.2.2.2); a third receiving transducer (2.2.4.1) and a fourth receiving transducer (2.2.4.2) are embedded and installed in the second acoustic probe (2.2.4);
the first acoustic probe rod (2.2.2) is provided with a first 4-hole sound-transmitting window (2.2.2.3) and a second 4-hole sound-transmitting window (2.2.2.4), the second acoustic probe rod (2.2.4) is provided with a third 4-hole sound-transmitting window (2.2.4.3) and a fourth 4-hole sound-transmitting window (2.2.4.4), all the sound-transmitting windows are radially recessed by 1mm, and a first receiving transducer (2.2.2.1), a second receiving transducer (2.2.2.2), a third receiving transducer (2.2.4.1) and a fourth receiving transducer (2.2.4.2) are correspondingly embedded in the first 4-hole sound-transmitting window (2.2.3), the second 4-hole sound-transmitting window (2.2.2.4), the third 4-hole sound-transmitting window (2.2.4.3) and the fourth receiving transducer (2.2.4.4.2) are respectively and internally provided with a plurality of sound-transmitting grooves;
the first acoustic probe rod (2.2.2) and the receiving circuit probe rod (2.2.3) and the second acoustic probe rod (2.2.4) are communicated and powered through a 4-core socket cable, the 4-core socket cable consists of a first plug (2.2.2.5), an electric slip ring (2.2.2.6) and a second plug (2.2.2.7), and the two-core power supply and the two-core communication are realized;
the hemispherical directional low-frequency transmitting transducer (2.1.1) is used for transmitting sound waves and measuring sound wave signals of a sedimentary deposit, the acoustic characteristics are further measured by receiving through the acoustic receiving unit (2.2), the hemispherical directional high-frequency transmitting transducer (2.1.2) is used for transmitting the sound waves and measuring the distance between the receiving transducers, and the acoustic propagation signals in the water body are received through the acoustic receiving unit (2.2);
the acoustic emission unit (2.1) further comprises an underwater sound velocity meter (2.1.3) for measuring the sound velocity in water;
the hydraulic unit (1.1) is used for penetrating the acoustic receiving unit (2.2) into the seabed sedimentary deposit through hydraulic pressure;
the display and control unit (1.2) is used for controlling the transmitting parameters of the transmitting transducer on the acoustic transmitting unit (2.1) and receiving the data collected by the receiving transducer on the acoustic receiving unit (2.2).
2. The in-situ measuring device for the low-frequency acoustic characteristics of the seabed sediment layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the display and control unit (1.2) is used for controlling the acoustic emission unit (2.1) and acquiring data of the acoustic receiving unit (2.2), and the emission and data acquisition work is controlled based on a clock synchronization signal.
3. An in situ device for measuring the low frequency acoustic properties of sediment at the seabed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cone shaped probe (2.2.1) has a diameter 2mm larger than the diameter of the first acoustic probe (2.2.2) and the second acoustic probe (2.2.4) and is reamed when penetrating the sediment at the seabed.
4. The in-situ measuring device for the low frequency acoustic characteristics of the seabed sediment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between the 2 receiving transducers respectively arranged on the first acoustic probe (2.2.2) and the second acoustic probe (2.2.4) is the same; the polarization direction of the first acoustic probe (2.2.2) is opposite to that of 4 adjacent receiving transducers arranged on the second acoustic probe (2.2.4).
5. The in-situ measurement device for the low-frequency acoustic characteristics of the seabed sediment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the receiving circuit probe rod (2.2.3) is internally provided with an attitude sensor for monitoring the attitude of the probe rod in the seabed sediment in real time.
6. An in situ measurement device of low frequency acoustic properties of sedimentary layers on the seabed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first acoustic probe (2.2.2) is provided with a displacement sensor to obtain the depth of the whole probe penetrating into the sediment.
7. An in-situ measuring method for the acoustic properties of a seabed sediment layer based on the in-situ measuring device for the low-frequency acoustic properties of the seabed sediment layer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which comprises the following steps:
(1) During operation, arranging the acoustic transmitting unit (2.1), and after the acoustic transmitting unit sits on the bottom, penetrating the acoustic receiving unit (2.2) into a seabed sedimentary layer through the hydraulic unit (1.1);
(2) In the process of penetrating into the seabed sedimentary deposit, beginning to carry out underwater measurement; when the acoustic receiving unit (2.2) penetrates into the sedimentary deposit, the acoustic characteristics of the sedimentary deposit are measured by using the same transmitting frequency as that in water;
(3) Acoustic data in the sedimentary deposit and the water body are collected through the acoustic receiving unit (2.2) and transmitted to the display control unit (1.2), and post-processing of the data is carried out to obtain in-situ acoustic characteristic parameters of the submarine sediments.
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