CN111722288A - Sea-tunnel combined seismic detection method and system based on marine noise - Google Patents
Sea-tunnel combined seismic detection method and system based on marine noise Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of marine seismic exploration, and particularly relates to a sea-tunnel combined seismic exploration method and system based on marine noise. The method comprises the steps of synchronously acquiring a first seismic signal, a second seismic signal and a third seismic signal, wherein the signals are formed by respectively transmitting marine noise to a tunnel wall, a sea surface and the sea after encountering a poor geologic body; performing primary geological wave velocity inversion on the second seismic signals to obtain a geological wave velocity initial model, performing beam forming processing on abnormal wave velocity positions according to third seismic signals, and performing inversion correction on the geological wave velocity initial model; and carrying out inversion and reverse time migration imaging on the first seismic signal based on the corrected geological wave velocity initial model to obtain a seismic section in front of the working surface of the tunnel boring machine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of marine seismic exploration, and particularly relates to a sea-tunnel combined seismic exploration method and system based on marine noise.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
Seawater is covered on a submarine tunnel, the offshore exploration cost is high, unfavorable geological conditions along the tunnel are difficult to find in the early construction period, and particularly under the construction condition of a tunnel boring machine, when the submarine tunnel encounters unfavorable geology such as fault broken zones, weathered deep grooves and the like in a complex construction environment, once the submarine tunnel is not properly treated, disastrous accidents such as water inrush, mud inrush and the like are easily caused, and serious consequences are caused. Compared with later-stage treatment, early-stage prevention is more important, and the advanced geological prediction technology can effectively detect the front geological condition of the palm face in the tunnel excavation process and becomes an indispensable detection means in the construction of the submarine tunnel. An advanced forecasting system suitable for submarine tunnel exploration is designed, and the effective method for avoiding engineering disaster accidents is to find out unfavorable geology in time and guide to propose a corresponding processing plan in the construction period.
According to the mountain tunnel construction experience, the conventional submarine tunnel geological detection method mainly comprises a geological survey method, a drilling method, a geophysical exploration method and the like. The geophysical exploration method is a detection method suitable for the construction process, mainly detects the geological condition in front of a tunnel face, and becomes a main detection means due to the advantages of no damage to the integrity of surrounding rocks, high detection precision and the like. In various geophysical prospecting methods, the practical application of the seismic method is closely related to a seismic source mode, and seismic sources commonly used in tunnel detection are mainly active seismic sources such as a hammering seismic source and a hydraulic seismic source. When an active seismic source is used for detection, detection needs to be carried out in a gap where the heading machine is not operated temporarily, otherwise, strong noise generated when the heading machine cuts rocks seriously interferes seismic waves, and effective signals cannot be distinguished. Therefore, the aim of completing detection in the normal construction process of the development machine can be achieved by collecting noise wave field signals in the sea to replace active source seismic wave signals. However, only by means of detection in the tunnel, the observation system is greatly limited, and the obtained signals cannot accurately reflect geological information in front of the tunnel face. Therefore, according to the characteristics of the construction environment of the submarine tunnel, the combined detection in the tunnel and the sea in the tunnel construction process is realized by combining the marine seismic wave detection means, and the combined detection is an effective way for exploring adverse geological environment.
In summary, on the basis of comprehensively considering the construction feasibility and the high efficiency, the inventor finds that the following limitations exist in the specific application of the seismic wave detection in the tunnel and the marine seismic wave detection:
(1) problems with the observation inside the tunnel: the seismic detection data received by the receiving sensor in the tunnel depends on a relatively accurate initial geological wave velocity model in the imaging process, and the precise inversion of the geological wave velocity in front of the tunnel face of the submarine tunnel is difficult to realize only depending on the observation data in the tunnel;
(2) problems with marine streamer observation: the ocean observation system can provide seabed geological wave velocity general view, but different observation systems have respective emphasis, for example, a sea surface horizontal streamer seismic observation system is sensitive to a horizontal layered geological structure, a vertical cable observation system is sensitive to a steep dip angle geological structure, and a single observation mode cannot accurately measure wave velocity information of various geological structures.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a sea-tunnel combined seismic exploration method based on marine noise, which is used for synchronously acquiring a first seismic signal, a second seismic signal and a third seismic signal respectively formed in a tunnel wall, a sea surface and the sea after the marine noise encounters a poor geologic body, and performing automatic joint processing, so that the poor geologic body can be accurately positioned in space, macro exploration and accurate exploration in front of a tunnel face can be realized, geological conditions along the line can be known in advance, and tunneling construction can be guided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a sea-tunnel combined seismic exploration method based on ocean noise comprises the following steps:
synchronously acquiring a first seismic signal, a second seismic signal and a third seismic signal, wherein the signals are formed by respectively transmitting marine noise to a tunnel wall, a sea surface and the sea after encountering a bad geologic body;
performing primary geological wave velocity inversion on the second seismic signals to obtain a geological wave velocity initial model, performing beam forming processing on the abnormal wave velocity position according to third seismic signals, and performing inversion correction on the geological wave velocity initial model;
and carrying out inversion and reverse time migration imaging on the first seismic signal based on the corrected geological wave velocity initial model to obtain a seismic section in front of the working surface of the tunnel boring machine.
In order to solve the above problems, a second aspect of the present invention provides a detection system of a sea-tunnel combined seismic detection system based on marine noise, which synchronously acquires a first seismic signal, a second seismic signal and a third seismic signal respectively formed in a tunnel wall, a sea surface and the sea after the marine noise meets a poor geologic body, and automatically combines the signals to accurately position the poor geologic body in space, thereby realizing macro detection and accurate detection in front of a tunnel face, knowing geological conditions along the line in advance, and guiding tunneling construction.
As an embodiment, the corrected initial model of the geologic wave velocity is a geologic wave velocity model describing a horizontal layered structure and a steep dip angle structure.
As an embodiment, before performing the preliminary geologic wave velocity inversion on the second seismic signal, the method further includes:
signal interference: respectively carrying out mutual correlation and deconvolution processing on the first seismic signal, the second seismic signal and the third seismic signal;
first arrival picking: acquiring relative coordinates of corresponding detector arrays for acquiring a first seismic signal, a second seismic signal and a third seismic signal, picking up a first arrival time and calculating a wave velocity;
spectral analysis and band-pass filtering: analyzing the frequency spectrum of the denoised signal and reserving the frequency band of the effective reflected wave;
gather equalization, efficient reflection extraction, and vertical and horizontal wave separation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a sea-tunnel joint seismic exploration system based on marine noise, comprising:
the system comprises a first detector array, a second detector array and a third detector array, wherein the first detector array, the second detector array and the third detector array are used for synchronously and correspondingly acquiring a first seismic signal, a second seismic signal and a third seismic signal, and the signals are formed by respectively transmitting marine noise to a tunnel wall, a sea surface and the sea after encountering a poor geologic body;
a seismic wave data processor configured to: performing primary geological wave velocity inversion on the second seismic signals to obtain a geological wave velocity initial model, performing beam forming processing on abnormal wave velocity positions according to third seismic signals, and performing inversion correction on the geological wave velocity initial model; and performing inversion and reverse-time migration imaging on the first seismic signal based on the corrected geological wave velocity initial model to obtain a seismic section in front of the working surface of the tunnel boring machine.
The first detector array is arranged on the tunnel wall corresponding to the middle part of the tunnel boring machine body; the second detector array is arranged on the sea surface in front of the tunnel face of the tunnel; the third detector array is arranged in the seawater in front of the tunnel face.
In one embodiment, the first detector array is fixed on the tunnel wall corresponding to the middle part of the heading machine body through a remotely-controllable robot attached to the tunnel wall.
In one embodiment, the remotely controllable robot is mounted with a tool magazine, and the first array of detectors is disposed in the tool magazine.
In one embodiment, the remotely controllable robot is further provided with an infrared sensor for automatically acquiring mutual spatial information of the detectors in the first detector array and performing position correction.
In one embodiment, the remotely controllable robot further includes an image recognition unit for automatically controlling the remotely controllable robot to move to the mounting position of the first detector array.
In one embodiment, the second and third arrays of receivers are disposed on horizontal and vertical streamers, respectively, which are connected to the work vessel.
In one embodiment, an adjustable hover ball is deployed on the horizontal streamer.
As an embodiment, the bottom of the vertical cable is provided with an adjustable weight.
In one embodiment, the first detector array, the second detector array and the third detector array each have an automatic positioning system.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention utilizes ocean noise to carry out advanced geological detection, solves the problems of time and labor consumption in the process of using an active seismic source to carry out seismic wave detection, accelerates the integrated process of submarine tunnel detection and construction, and improves the construction industrialization level;
(2) according to the invention, the first detector array on the tunnel wall corresponding to the middle part of the tunnel boring machine body, the second detector array arranged on the sea surface in front of the tunnel face and the third detector array arranged in the sea water in front of the tunnel face are used for synchronously receiving ocean noise wave field signals, so that the limitations of the traditional seismic source detection in the submarine tunnel due to the limited observation system, small offset distance and short detection distance are optimized, and the long-distance accurate detection of the sea-tunnel combined ocean noise wave field detection method in the submarine tunnel is realized;
(3) the invention provides a specific process for sea-tunnel combined detection integrated data processing, solves the problem of processing difficulty caused by different main frequencies of sea-tunnel combined detection data, and can realize space accurate positioning of bad geologic bodies, macroscopic detection and accurate detection in front of a tunnel face, acquisition of geological conditions along the line in advance and guidance of tunneling construction, wherein the data comprises horizontal geologic information and steep dip angle geologic information obtained by sea detection and geologic abnormal position information in the horizontal direction in a tunnel.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sea-tunnel combined seismic detection system based on marine noise according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a remotely controllable robot attached to a tunnel wall according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of data processing of a sea-tunnel combined seismic exploration system based on marine noise according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular is intended to include the plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, and it should be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
In the present invention, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "bottom", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only terms of relationships determined for convenience in describing structural relationships of the parts or elements of the present invention, and are not intended to refer to any parts or elements of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, terms such as "fixedly connected", "connected", and the like are to be understood in a broad sense, and mean either a fixed connection or an integrally connected or detachable connection; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be determined according to specific situations by persons skilled in the relevant scientific or technical field, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Interpretation of terms:
the detector array of the present invention comprises a row of detectors, a column of detectors, and a detector having at least one row and one column.
In order to solve the following limitations of the existing method for detecting marine seismic in a submarine tunnel mentioned in the background art: (1) problems with the observation inside the tunnel: the seismic detection data received by the receiving sensor in the tunnel depends on a relatively accurate initial geological wave velocity model in the imaging process, and the precise inversion of the geological wave velocity in front of the tunnel face of the submarine tunnel is difficult to realize only depending on the observation data in the tunnel; (2) problems with marine streamer observation: the ocean observation system can provide seabed geological wave velocity general, but different observation systems have respective emphasis, for example, a sea surface horizontal streamer seismic observation system is sensitive to a horizontal layered geological structure, a vertical cable observation system is sensitive to a steep dip angle geological structure, and a single observation mode cannot accurately measure wave velocity information of multiple geological structures. The embodiment of the invention provides a sea-tunnel combined seismic detection method and a sea-tunnel combined seismic detection system based on ocean noise.
The principle of the sea-tunnel combined seismic detection method based on marine noise in the embodiment is as follows:
synchronously acquiring a first seismic signal, a second seismic signal and a third seismic signal, wherein the signals are formed by respectively transmitting marine noise to a tunnel wall, a sea surface and the sea after encountering a bad geologic body;
performing primary geological wave velocity inversion on the second seismic signals to obtain a geological wave velocity initial model, performing beam forming processing on the abnormal wave velocity position according to third seismic signals, and performing inversion correction on the geological wave velocity initial model;
and carrying out inversion and reverse time migration imaging on the first seismic signal based on the corrected geological wave velocity initial model to obtain a seismic section in front of the working surface of the tunnel boring machine.
Wherein, the corrected geological wave velocity initial model is a geological wave velocity model describing a horizontal layered structure and a steep dip angle structure. The embodiment solves the problem of difficult processing of sea-tunnel combined detection data caused by different dominant frequencies, the data comprises horizontal geological information and steep dip angle geological information obtained by sea detection and geological abnormal body position information in the tunnel along the horizontal direction, the bad geological body can be accurately positioned in space, macroscopic detection and tunnel face front accurate detection can be realized, the geological condition along the line is known in advance, and the tunneling construction is guided.
Specifically, before performing preliminary geological wave velocity inversion on the second seismic signal, the method further includes:
signal interference: respectively carrying out mutual correlation and deconvolution processing on the first seismic signal, the second seismic signal and the third seismic signal;
first arrival picking: acquiring relative coordinates of corresponding detector arrays for acquiring a first seismic signal, a second seismic signal and a third seismic signal, picking up a first arrival time and calculating a wave velocity;
spectral analysis and band-pass filtering: analyzing the frequency spectrum of the denoised signal and reserving the frequency band of the effective reflected wave;
gather equalization, efficient reflection extraction, and vertical and horizontal wave separation.
According to the embodiment, signal processing is carried out before primary geological wave velocity inversion is carried out on the second seismic signals, so that the effectiveness of the seismic signals in the tunnel, the seismic signals on the sea surface and the seismic signals in the sea is improved, and the accuracy of the seismic section in front of the working surface of the tunnel excavator is improved.
The marine noise-based sea-tunnel combined seismic detection system shown in fig. 1-2 comprises a first detector array 2, a second detector array 3, a third detector array 4 and a seismic wave data processor 5.
The first geophone array 2, the second geophone array 3 and the third geophone array 4 are used for synchronously receiving a first seismic signal reflected to a tunnel wall, a second seismic signal reflected and transmitted to the sea surface and a third seismic signal reflected and transmitted to the sea water after a working noise signal of the heading machine encounters an unfavorable geological body during stratum propagation, and transmitting the first seismic signal, the second seismic signal and the third seismic signal to the seismic wave data processor 5.
In a specific implementation, the second and third arrays of receivers 3, 4 are arranged on horizontal and vertical streamers, respectively, which are connected to a work vessel 7.
Specifically, an adjustable suspension ball is arranged on the horizontal towing cable; the bottom of the vertical cable is provided with an adjustable weight. The first detector array, the second detector array and the third detector array are all provided with automatic positioning systems. Each detector is provided with a built-in battery, so that long-time wireless acquisition can be realized.
In a specific implementation, the first detector array comprises a set of detector lines, and the detector lines are arranged according to a preset distance. The first detector array 2 is arranged on the tunnel wall corresponding to the middle part of the tunnel boring machine body.
For example:
the first detector array 2 consists of 10 tunnel detectors, is positioned on the side wall of a tunnel corresponding to the middle part of the heading machine and is 15m away from the tunnel face, and the distance between the tunnels is 3 m. The first detector array is fixed on the tunnel wall corresponding to the middle part of the heading machine body through a remote-control robot attached to the tunnel wall.
As shown in fig. 2, the remotely controllable robot is mounted with a tool bin 8, an image recognition instrument, an infrared sensor 12, a robot body 9, a crawling arm 10 and an attached suction cup 11, the first detector array is a three-component wireless detector 7 which is arranged in the tool bin 8, and the remotely controllable robot is controlled by a remote control terminal;
the robot body is provided with a carrying tool bin, detectors can be placed in the carrying tool bin, the attached robot provided with the carrying tool bin is automatically controlled by the pattern recognition instrument to move to the detector mounting position, the infrared sensors are used for automatically acquiring the mutual space information of the detectors and carrying out position correction, the remote control handle remote control robot is used for attaching the detectors to the tunnel wall, and the remote control recovery robot and the corresponding carrying device are remotely controlled after detection is completed.
The attached robot with the geophones is designed aiming at the problems that the operational space of manually arranging the geophones in a submarine tunnel is narrow and the observation system in the tunnel is greatly limited, so that the observation system can be flexibly arranged in the tunnel, and the effectiveness of receiving seismic wave data in the tunnel is effectively improved.
Specifically, the second geophone array 3 is arranged on the sea surface in front of the tunnel face.
For example: the second detector array 3 is horizontally suspended below the sea surface in front of the tunnel working surface by a working ship 8 in a dragging mode, the position is 5-10 m below the sea surface, 10 detectors form the sea surface horizontal streamer detector array 3, the channel distance is 3m, and the second detector array is used for receiving and storing seismic signals which are reflected and transmitted to the sea surface after marine noise meets poor geologic bodies when being transmitted in the stratum.
For example: the third detector array 4 is towed by a working ship 8 to vertically suspend at one side of the sea in front of the working surface of the tunnel, 10 detectors form the third detector array 4 in the sea, the track interval is 3m, and the third detector array is used for receiving and storing seismic signals which are reflected and transmitted to the sea after meeting bad geological bodies when marine noise is transmitted in the stratum.
The seismic wave data processor 5 is used for leading in seismic data received and stored by the first detector array, the second detector array and the third detector array, and realizing rapid automatic processing.
The detection principle of the sea-tunnel combined seismic detection system based on marine noise in the embodiment is as follows:
first, before the survey begins, a work vessel 8 carrying a marine observation system is moved to the sea surface ahead of the tunnel, and horizontal and vertical streamers are placed at designated positions.
Before detection, the attached robot carrying the detectors in the tunnel is controlled to move to the tunnel wall corresponding to the middle of the heading machine, and the first detector array is installed. The distance between the detectors in the tunnel of the first detector array and the front of the tunnel face is 10m, the track distance of the first detector array is 3m, and the first detector array is composed of 10 detectors in the tunnel.
Then, the ocean noise wave field diffuses towards the front of the working face of the heading machine and the periphery of the tunnel, seismic waves are reflected after encountering a wave impedance interface and are received and stored by a detector array in the tunnel, which is in close contact with the tunnel wall, meanwhile, the reflected and transmitted seismic waves are received and stored by a second detector array and a third detector array which are arranged in the ocean, and information recorded by the first detector array, the second detector array and the third detector array is transmitted to a seismic wave data processor for automatic combined processing.
As shown in fig. 3, the data processing flow includes the following steps:
(1) preprocessing a received signal: instrument noise and ocean wave noise in signals received by the first detector array, the second detector array and the third detector array are removed through a band-pass filtering method, and the quality of the collected seismic data is guaranteed;
(2) signal interference: performing cross correlation and deconvolution processing on the first detector array signal and the received signals of the second detector array and the third detector array respectively;
(3) observation system import and first arrival pickup: leading in relative coordinates of the first detector array, the second detector array and the third detector array, picking up the time when the first-arrival waves arrive at the detectors in each tunnel and in the sea in the seismic record by using an automatic first-arrival picking method, and calculating the wave velocity by using the relative distance and the time when the first-arrival waves arrive at the detectors;
(4) spectral analysis and band-pass filtering: transforming the seismic records of the time domain into the frequency domain through Fourier transform, removing noise signals of different frequency bands through band-pass filtering, reserving the frequency band of effective reflected waves, and finally transforming the seismic records of the frequency domain into the time domain through Fourier inverse transform;
(5) gather equalization: particularly including intra-lane equalization and inter-lane equalization. In-channel equalization, waves with strong shallow energy in each channel are compressed, waves with weak deep energy are increased, and the amplitudes of shallow seismic waves and deep seismic waves are controlled within a certain dynamic range; the inter-channel balance is mainly used for eliminating excitation energy differences of different seismic source points, so that the amplitude of a reflected wave is not influenced by excitation conditions and only reflects the geological structure condition;
(6) effective reflected wave extraction and vertical and horizontal wave separation: adopting f-k and tau-P combined filtering to suppress interference waves and invalid reflected waves behind the working face of the heading machine, simultaneously cutting direct waves, only keeping the valid reflected waves from the front and the side of the working face of the heading machine and automatically extracting, and separating P waves, SH waves and SV waves in three-component seismic records in an f-k domain or a tau-P domain;
(7) and carrying out preliminary inversion on the second seismic signal to obtain a wave velocity profile: carrying out wave velocity inversion processing on a cutting rock noise signal of the excavator acquired by a horizontal towing cable on the sea surface to obtain a geological wave velocity general view in front of the tunnel face;
(8) correcting the wave velocity of the third seismic signal to obtain an initial wave velocity model: according to the wave velocity profile obtained in the step 7, beam forming processing is carried out at the position where the wave velocity is abnormal according to the exploration signal of the vertical cable, namely, the seismic wave signals received by all detectors of the vertical cable are weighted according to the position information of the wave velocity abnormal body, so that reconstruction data with spatial directivity are formed, and inversion correction is carried out on the basis of the wave velocity profile, so that an initial wave velocity model which can accurately describe both a horizontal layered structure and a steep dip angle structure is obtained;
(9) first seismic signal inversion and reverse time migration imaging: and (4) performing inversion on the seismic information in the tunnel by using the initial wave velocity model obtained in the step (8), and obtaining a seismic section in front of the working surface of the tunnel boring machine by adopting reverse time migration imaging and cross-correlation imaging conditions.
Specifically, the initial velocity model is:
wherein d isW,obs,dH,obsSeismic data observed for sea-surface horizontal streamers and marine vertical cables, dW,modIs the full wave field seismic record of sea level observation obtained from forward modeling, F (| | d)W,obs-dW,mod||2) Forward modeling is carried out on wave velocity general profiles obtained by inverting sea surface horizontal streamer observation data to obtain full wave field seismic records, and E (v) is an initial wave velocity modeAnd (4) molding.
The cross-correlation imaging conditions were:
wherein I (x, y, z) represents the imaging result, S (x, y, z, T) represents the first seismic signal, R (x, y, z, T) represents the detector wavefield, and T is the total offset duration.
After the detection is finished, the attached robot in the tunnel can be remotely controlled to recover the detectors.
And according to the obtained speed model and the seismic section and by combining the spatial distribution condition of the excavated rock strength index, acquiring the geological conditions of rock masses in front of the working face of the heading machine and around the tunnel, realizing advanced prediction of geological abnormal bodies, evaluating the quality of surrounding rocks of the area to be excavated and providing reference for the safe construction of the heading machine.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A sea-tunnel combined seismic exploration method based on ocean noise is characterized by comprising the following steps:
synchronously acquiring a first seismic signal, a second seismic signal and a third seismic signal, wherein the signals are formed by respectively transmitting marine noise to a tunnel wall, a sea surface and the sea after encountering a bad geologic body;
performing primary geological wave velocity inversion on the second seismic signals to obtain a geological wave velocity initial model, performing beam forming processing on abnormal wave velocity positions according to third seismic signals, and performing inversion correction on the geological wave velocity initial model;
and carrying out inversion and reverse time migration imaging on the first seismic signal based on the corrected geological wave velocity initial model to obtain a seismic section in front of the working surface of the tunnel boring machine.
2. The sea-tunnel combined marine noise-based seismic surveying method of claim 1, wherein the rectified initial model of geologic wave velocity is a model of geologic wave velocity describing horizontal layered structures and steep dip structures.
3. The sea-tunnel joint seismic exploration method based on marine noise as claimed in claim 1, wherein before the preliminary geological wave velocity inversion is performed on the second seismic signal, the method further comprises:
signal interference: performing cross-correlation and deconvolution processing on the first seismic signal, the second seismic signal and the third seismic signal respectively;
first arrival picking: acquiring relative coordinates of corresponding detector arrays for acquiring a first seismic signal, a second seismic signal and a third seismic signal, picking up a first arrival time and calculating a wave velocity;
spectral analysis and band-pass filtering: analyzing the frequency spectrum of the denoised signal and reserving the frequency band of the effective reflected wave;
gather equalization, efficient reflection extraction, and vertical and horizontal wave separation.
4. A sea-tunnel combined seismic exploration system based on marine noise, comprising:
the system comprises a first detector array, a second detector array and a third detector array, wherein the first detector array, the second detector array and the third detector array are used for synchronously and correspondingly acquiring a first seismic signal, a second seismic signal and a third seismic signal, and the signals are formed by respectively transmitting marine noise to a tunnel wall, a sea surface and the sea after encountering a poor geologic body;
a seismic wave data processor configured to: performing primary geological wave velocity inversion on the second seismic signals to obtain a geological wave velocity initial model, performing beam forming processing on abnormal wave velocity positions according to third seismic signals, and performing inversion correction on the geological wave velocity initial model; and carrying out inversion and reverse time migration imaging on the first seismic signal based on the corrected geological wave velocity initial model to obtain a seismic section in front of the working surface of the tunnel boring machine.
5. The sea-tunnel combined marine noise-based seismic acquisition system of claim 4, wherein the first array of detectors is disposed on a tunnel wall corresponding to a middle portion of the tunnel boring machine body; the second detector array is arranged on the sea surface in front of the tunnel face of the tunnel; the third detector array is arranged in the seawater in front of the tunnel face of the tunnel.
6. The marine noise-based sea-tunnel combined seismic detection system of claim 4, wherein the first array of detectors is affixed to the tunnel wall corresponding to the middle of the heading machine body by a remotely controllable robot affixed to the tunnel wall.
7. The marine noise-based sea-tunnel joint seismic exploration system of claim 6, wherein said remotely controllable robot has a tool bay mounted thereon, said first array of detectors being disposed within said tool bay;
or
The remote-controllable robot is also provided with an infrared sensor, and the infrared sensor is used for automatically acquiring the mutual space information of all detectors in the first detector array and carrying out position correction;
or
The remote-controllable robot is also provided with an image recognition instrument, and the image recognition instrument is used for automatically controlling the remote-controllable robot to move to the installation position of the first detector array.
8. A sea-tunnel based marine noise combined seismic acquisition system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the second and third arrays of receivers are provided on horizontal streamers and vertical cables, respectively, which are connected to the work vessel.
9. The marine noise-based sea-tunnel combined seismic acquisition system of claim 8, wherein the horizontal streamer is configured with an adjustable hover ball;
or
The bottom of the vertical cable is provided with an adjustable weight.
10. The marine noise-based sea-tunnel joint seismic detection system of claim 4, wherein the first, second, and third arrays of receivers each have an automatic positioning system.
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