RU27954U1 - SOUND SPEED METER IN LIQUID - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A sound velocity meter in a liquid medium, comprising a measuring probe immersed on a sealed insulated conductor (cable or wire), in which a frequency sound pressure measuring transducer, a hydrostatic pressure frequency measuring transducer, a signal separation circuit and a secondary power supply are provided, the first output of the circuit signal separation is connected to the input of the secondary power source, its second output is connected to a sealed insulated conductor, and on-board equipment, including a signal separation circuit, a secondary power source, a control unit, first and second isolation filters, an analog-to-digital converter and a digital computing device with a display, comprising a unit for determining the speed of sound, a unit for determining hydrostatic pressure, a unit for determining the depth of the probe by hydrostatic pressure , a unit for determining the vertical distribution of the speed of sound (ARW), an archiving unit and a data output unit, the first input of a signal separation circuit electrically connected to a sealed insulated conductor, and its second input is connected to the corresponding output of the secondary power source, the output of the sound velocity determination unit is connected to the first input of the VRSZ determination unit, the output of the hydrostatic pressure determination unit is connected to the second input of which through the hydrostatic pressure depth determination unit, and the output of the determination block VRSZ connected to the first input of the archiving unit, characterized in that in the measuring probe the outputs of the measuring

Description

Sound velocity meter in a liquid medium

The utility model relates to the field of acoustic measurements and can be used to determine the vertical distribution of the speed of sound (ARV) in the sea.

Known 1-3 meters of sound speed at sea. So, in article 1, the technical characteristics of the ship’s sound velocity meter are presented, consisting of a measuring probe immersed in water on a cable-rope by means of a deck winch and onboard receiving and recording equipment.

The probe contains frequency measuring transducers of sound velocity and hydrostatic pressure (immersion depth), as well as an adder of their output signals. On-board equipment includes an input amplifier, a channel for the speed of sound and a channel for depth. Each channel consists of a dividing filter, a frequency multiplier, a digital frequency meter and a frequency-to-voltage converter in series. The outputs of the channels are connected to the corresponding inputs of the two coordinate recorder.

The advantage of this sound velocity meter is the relatively high accuracy and clarity of the display of the results of the determination of VSWR at sea on digital indicators and chart paper of two coordinate recorders.

Its disadvantages include the lack of automatic processing of measurement results and their issuance to external consumers.

Overseas equipment MK12 from Sippican Sof was widely used. (USA) to determine the vertical distribution of hydrological parameters in the direction of the vessel: sound velocity, temperature and electrical conductivity of sea water 2. The equipment consists of three types of disposable wire-based measuring probes:

7 G 01 H 5/00

XBV-for measuring the speed of sound, XBT-for measuring temperature and XCTD-for measuring the temperature and conductivity of sea water. Each probe is equipped with an autonomous power source (battery).

In the process of measurement, a probe of one of the listed types is dropped overboard, the analog signal of which is transmitted through an insulated wire to the onboard part of the equipment. It consists of an input amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, a unit for determining the measured hydrological parameter (speed of sound, temperature, and electrical conductivity), a unit for calculating the depth of the probe based on its velocity, a unit for determining the vertical distribution of the hydrological parameter, and a unit for calculating the vertical distribution of the speed of sound according to temperature and conductivity seawater and immersion depth of the measuring probe, archiving unit on a magnetic carrier, measured and calculated yes data, the unit issuing them to external consumers, a display on the screen of which in a tabular and graphical form displays the measured and calculated hydrological parameters depending on the depth, as well as the equipment control unit.

The advantage of MK12 equipment is its versatility and relatively small dimensions. Its disadvantages include the lack of processing of measurement results and the significant cost of disposable wired measuring probes lost during the measurement process, as well as the impossibility of metrological support for determining the depth of their location by immersion speed.

The closest technical dryness to the present; a useful model for it is a sound velocity meter in a liquid medium according to utility model J42 13576 3. It consists of a probe immersed on the cable, in which a frequency measuring transducer of sound velocity and a frequency measuring transducer are placed

mii

hydrostatic pressure transducer (depth). Their outputs are connected to the corresponding inputs of the amplitude modulator, the output of which is connected to the input of the signal separation circuit. The first output of this circuit is connected to the input of the secondary power source of the probe, and its second output is connected to the cable. The other end of the cable is electrically connected to the on-board equipment, consisting of a signal separation circuit, a secondary power source, a sound velocity channel, a depth channel, and a digital computing device, with a display and a control unit.

The cable is connected to the first input of the signal separation circuit, the second input of which is connected to the corresponding output of the secondary power source of the on-board equipment. The sound velocity channel includes a series-limiting amplifier-limiter, a first isolation filter and an analog-to-digital converter. The depth channel includes a series-connected amplitude detector, an amplifier-limiter, a second isolation filter and an analog-to-digital converter.

The outputs of the analog-to-digital converters are connected to the corresponding inputs of a digital computing device, which contains a unit for determining the speed of sound, a unit for determining the hydrostatic pressure, a unit for determining the depth of the probe by hydrostatic pressure, a unit for detecting VRSS, a display, an archiving unit, and a data output unit. At the same time, the input of the unit for determining the speed of sound is connected to the output of the analog-digital converter of the channel for the speed of sound, and the output of this unit is connected to the first input of the unit for determining VSW. The input of the hydrostatic pressure determination unit is connected to the output of the analog-digital converter of the depth channel, and the output of this block through the hydrostatic pressure determination unit is connected to the second input of the unit

determination of VLSS, the output of which is connected to the corresponding inputs of the display, the archiving unit and the data output unit.

The advantage of a sound velocity meter in a liquid medium according to utility model No. 13576 is the ability to more accurately determine the immersion depth of the probe by hydrostatic pressure, the measurement of which is metrologically ensured.

The disadvantages of this sound velocity meter include the lack of automatic processing of measurement results and the relatively small functionality.

The purpose of this utility model is to create a ship sound velocity meter in a liquid medium, mainly in the sea, with automatic processing of measurement results and enhanced functionality to increase the efficiency of functioning of ship sonar equipment.

This goal is achieved in that in order to ensure the required processing of the measurement results in the on-board equipment of the proposed sound velocity meter in a liquid medium, the first and second separation filters are made digital, and the VRSS smoothing unit, the VRSS approximation block, the VRSS completion unit to the bottom are additionally introduced into the digital computing device and a removable block of statistics.

To expand the functionality of the proposed sound velocity meter in a liquid medium, a digital calculating device additionally introduces a block for calculating the probe depth by its immersion speed, a block for calculating the VRSS and a block for constructing radiation patterns from the measured, processed, and completed to the bottom of the VRSS or calculated by VRES.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by figures 1-4. In FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a sound velocity meter in a liquid medium. FIG. 2-4 explain the principles of operation of processing units

digital computing device: figure 2 - block smoothing VSW, fig.Z - block approximation VSW and figure 4 - block building VSW to the bottom. On each of figure 2-4 presents a graphical display of arrays of values of VSCZ: input to the block - a solid line, the output from the block - a dashed line.

The proposed meter of sound velocity in a liquid medium includes (Fig. 1) a measuring probe 1, in which a frequency measuring transducer of sound velocity (IPSZ) 2 and a frequency measuring transducer of hydrostatic pressure (IPGD) 3 are mapped, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding inputs of the signal adder (SS) 4. The output of the signal adder (SS) is connected to the input of the signal separation circuit (SRS) 5 of the probe, the first output of which is connected to the input of the secondary power supply (VIL) 6 of the probe, and its second output is connected n to a sealed insulated conductor (cable or wire) 7.

The second end of the sealed insulated conductor 7 is electrically connected with the on-board equipment 8 of the sound velocity meter. It is connected to the first input of the signal separation circuit (CPC) 9 on-board equipment. The second input of this circuit is connected to the corresponding output of the secondary power source (VIL) 10 of the on-board equipment. The output of the signal separation circuit (СРС) 9 is connected to the input of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 11. The output of an analog-digital converter (ADC) 11 is connected to the input of the first isolation filter - a digital filter of the sound velocity signal (DSP) 12 and to the input of the second separation filter - a digital filter hydrostatic pressure signal (DPS) 13. The output of the first separation filter (DPSF) 12 through the block for determining the speed of sound (BOSZ) 14 is connected to the first input of the block for determining the VRSZ (BOVRSZ) 15. The output of the second digital splitter Nogo filter (TSFD) 13 via a series of electrically included determination unit

hydrostatic pressure (BOD) 16 and the depth determination unit (BON) 17 of the probe for hydrostatic pressure is connected to the second input of the VRSZ determination unit (BOVRSZ) 15. The output of the depth calculation unit (BRNS) 15 is connected to the third input of the depth calculation unit (BOVRSZ) 18 by the speed of its immersion. The input of this unit is connected to the output of the first digital separation filter (DPSF) 12.

The output of the VRSZ determination unit (BOVRSZ) 15 is electrically connected to the first input of the archiving block (BARCH) 19 and through the series-connected electrically smoothing block VRSZ (BSG) 20 and the approximation block VRSZ (BAP) 21 - with the first input of the building block VRSZ to the bottom (BDD ) 22, the second input of which is connected to the first output of the removable block of statistical data (SBSD) 23. The output of the building block VVSS to the bottom (BDD) 22 is connected to the second input of the archiving block (BARCH) 19, to the input of the data output unit (BVD) 24, to the first input of the display (DS) 25 and to the first input unit constructing radiation patterns (BP.LK) 26, the output of which is connected to the third input of the display (DS) 25. The second output of the replaceable block of statistical data (SBSD) 23 is connected to the first input of the calculation block VRSZ (BRVRSZ) 27, the first output of which is connected to the second the input of the block for constructing radiation patterns (BPLK) 26, and its second output is connected to the second input of the display (DS) 25. The control unit (BUP) 28 is electrically connected to the second input of the block calculating VRSZ (BRVRSZ) 27, with the third input of the block for constructing radiation patterns (BPLK) 26, as well as with other meter blocks with sound velocity in a liquid medium, the direct connections with which in FIG. 1 are not indicated so as not to clutter it.

The proposed meter of sound speed in a liquid medium operates as follows. The measuring probe 1 on the cable (or insulated wire) is lowered into a liquid medium (sea water). As it dives, the frequency transducer

speed of sound (RCSH) 2 converts the measured values of the speed of sound in water C to the corresponding values of the frequency of the output electric signal / (s, and the frequency measuring transducer of hydrostatic pressure (RShGD) 3 converts the measured values of hydrostatic pressure C to the corresponding values of the frequency of the output electric signal P ( D).

In the signal adder (CC) 4, both output signals are electrically summed and, through the signal separation circuit (СРС) 5, are supplied to cable 7. At the same time, the voltage And is supplied from the on-board equipment to the secondary power supply (VDS) 6, and which is converted to voltage IPS necessary for powering the blocks of the measuring probe.

By cable 7, the total electrical signal f (c) + P (D) is transmitted to the on-board equipment 8 of the sound velocity meter and is fed to the input of the signal separation circuit (CDS) 9. To the other input of this circuit from the corresponding output of the secondary power supply (VIL) 10 On-board equipment voltage is applied to the cable from the measuring probe 1. The voltage of the on-board network is supplied to the input of the secondary power source, voltage Ip is removed from its other outputs for powering the on-board equipment blocks.

From the output of the signal separation circuit (CDS) 9, the total signal of the measuring transducers f (c) + P (C) is fed to the input of an analog-digital converter (ADC) 11, which converts it into a sequence of digital samples. This sequence is fed to the digital decoupling filters of the sound velocity signal (DPSF) 12 and the hydrostatic pressure signal (DPS) 13. At the output of the digital decoupling filter (DPSF) 12 there will be a sequence of digital samples corresponding to the current discrete values of the sound velocity signal (fcy), and at the output of digital

separation filter (DPC) 13 - a sequence of digital samples corresponding to the current discrete values of the hydrostatic pressure signal F (ff).

The digital signal sequences f (c) and P (D) are respectively received in the unit for determining the speed of sound (BOSZ) 14 and the unit for determining hydrostatic pressure (BOD) 16.

At first, in both blocks, according to the same algorithm, the signal frequency values are determined. From the digitized sequence supplied to the block (BOSZ) 14 or (BOD) 16, a sampling of N full signal frequency periods is made, the transitions of the signal through zero from negative to positive values are approximated by a straight line connecting the points of nearby samples, and on it is the signal transition point through zero. Signal frequency / Hz is determined by the ratio

/ (r, .- r ,, + Ar ,, - ArJ,

where To is the sampling frequency, Hz;

N is the number of full periods in the sample; TK, TH - time of the end and the beginning of the sample, s; A1 „, AtK - the difference between the signal transition time through zero and the reference time for the first and last integer period in the sample, s.

Next, in block (BOSZ) 14, according to the current values of /, the frequencies of the sound speed signals f (c) are the corresponding values of the sound speed C, m / s

At the same time, in block (BOD) 16, according to the current values f of the frequency of the hydrostatic pressure signal P (D), the corresponding hydrostatic pressure values P, kg / cm, are determined

./2.5.

Then, in the block for determining the depth of the probe by hydrostatic pressure (BON) 17, the values of the hydrostatic pressure P, kg / cm received from the block (BOD) 16 are recalculated into the corresponding values of the depth I, m of immersion of the probe

I 9.727 (P, + AP) -2.04 10 /,

where zip, is the correction for deviation from the zero reading of the hydrostatic pressure transducer, kg / cm.

The proposed sound velocity meter provides the possibility of connecting to the on-board equipment a disposable wire measuring probe that does not have a hydrostatic pressure transducer and has one sound velocity signal f (c) at the output. In this mode of operation of the on-board equipment, the current depth D m of the immersed part of the disposable wire probe is determined by the depth calculation unit (BRN) 18 by the speed of its immersion. This unit begins to function at the moment of the appearance of the digital separation filter (DSCF) 12 of the sound velocity signal upon contact of the immersed portion of the disposable probe with a water surface. Depth is determined by the formula

where V is the initial immersion speed of the disposable probe, m / s;

a - coefficient taking into account the change in mass of the immersed part of the disposable probe, m / s t - current time from the moment of contact of the immersed part of the probe with water, s.

H Vt + at

enter the block for determining VVRZZ (BOVRSZ) 15. In this block, an array of values (Cc, HJ) of the measured vertical distribution of the speed of sound in the sea is compiled from arrays of values of depths D and corresponding sound velocities C /.

In the block VLSS smoothing (BSG) 20, the array (Cii Hi) of the measured VLSS is checked for the detection and removal of coarse emissions of sound velocity values.

In block (BSG) 20, successively for every two adjacent values of the input array (C /; Hj) of the VRSS (solid line of Fig. 2), vertical gradients of sound speed G / are calculated, s

the absolute values of which are compared with the given value G. From the input array fC ,; Hj) VSLW, those values are deleted for which I Gj I G. as a result, at the output of the block (BSG) 20, a new, smoothed array of fU / values is obtained; HI) ARW (dashed line in figure 2) without rough emissions of sound velocity values.

In the block of approximation of the VRSZ (BAP) 21, a piecewise linear approximation of the smoothed VRSS is performed. As a result, instead of a relatively smooth input VRSS (a solid line in FIG. 3), an array of values (C ,; I) of an approximated VRSS will appear at the output of the block (BAP) 21, which is displayed as segments of straight lines (dashed lines in FIG. 3) ) located in layers with constant vertical gradients of the speed of sound.

In the block completion of the ARW to the bottom (BDD) 22 is completed building the approximated ARW to the full, from the surface to the bottom, ARW. This block operates in conjunction with the replaceable block of statistical data (SBSD) 23, which stores arrays of statistical ARWS with their probabilities for a given region of the World Ocean by the seasons of the year

with -C

 I,., - I,

and vertical gradients at the bottom, as well as arrays of statistical vertical distributions of salinity of sea water.

At the input of the block (BDD) 22, an array of values (С /; Н) а is received (the first solid lines in the top in Fig. 4), and an array of values (С-с, Н) s is selected from the block (SBSD) 23, which corresponds to the most suitable for a given season of the year in a given region of the ocean, statistical CFS (Hi) c to a depth of 2000 m (second solid lines in Fig. 4) and the values of the vertical gradients of the sound velocity at the bottom for depths over 2000 m, from which the CFS at the bottom Ci is calculated ( Hi) (dash dotted line in FIG. 4). Next, “the top part of the selected statistical ARVC — Ci (H) c with the lower part of the approximated ARVD — Ci (Hi) a and the lower part of the ARVD — Ci (- with the upper part of the calculated ARVD at the bottom of Ci (H) d.) Are stitched together. As a result, the output of the block (BDD) 22 will take place an array of fC /; Hj) corresponding to the complete, from the surface to the bottom, ARW - C (H) (dashed lines in Fig. 4) for a given region of the ocean where sound velocity was measured. )

Arrays of values of the measured VSLW from the output of the VSLW detection block (BOVRSZ) 15 and processed by the VSLW from the output of the VSLW completion unit to the bottom (BJD) 22 are stored for storage in the archiving block (BARH) 19. The array of values of the processed VSLW - C (N) from the output of the block (BDD) 22 through the data output unit (BVD) 24 is transmitted to the hydroacoustic systems of the vessel, and can also be displayed in tabular or graphical form on the display screen (DS) 25.

The proposed sound velocity meter provides for the possibility of calculating VLHW from the vertical distributions of temperature and salinity in the sea, which is performed in the block for calculating VLWW (BRWWW) 27. An array of values of the temperature distribution over depth (Ti, Hj) is entered into the WLWWW (27) manually using the key control unit console (BUP) 28. An array of salinity distribution values over

depth (Si, Hi) is selected from a removable block of statistical data (SBSD) 23.

The calculation of the values of the speed of sound C, m / s at given horizons I, m is carried out according to the well-known Wilson formula

From 1449.14 + yes + AC. + DS „,

where AC, 4,57211-4, f-2, f + 7, AC, l, 398 (S-35) + l, (S-35);

AS „0.1656 + 1.64802 ,,,,,.

The proposed sound velocity meter has a block for constructing radiation patterns (BPLK) 26, which calculates and displays on the display screen (DS) 25 a radiation pattern characterizing the propagation of acoustic energy in the sea for a plane-layered model of the marine environment. For calculations, the measured and processed VRSZ - S (N) or VRSZ calculated in block (BRVRSZ) 27, as well as the initial data entered into block (BPLK) 26 from the control unit (BUP) 28 manually using the keyboard:

depth of the receiving antenna But, m;

the width of the directivity of the receiving antenna O, deg;

the number of calculated rays N;

tilt angle of the directivity of the receiving antenna a, deg;

initial D, and final D, calculation distances, km.

When calculating the beam path, the horizon I, which it intersects, is divided into n layers with constant vertical gradients of the speed of sound and thicknesses A I ,. The distance „km at which the ray crosses the horizon H / is found by the relation

l, y

where calculated according to the source data and ARW

With about and about - the speed of sound and the angle of arrival of the beam on the horizon of the receiving antenna, m / s and deg

а / и а /./ - beam glide angles on the upper and lower boundary of the i-th layer, deg ACi - increment of sound speed in the i-th layer, m / s.

The current coordinates of D and RI for each beam in the range of preset values of D, and D are converted into signals necessary for the functioning of the display (DS) 25, on the screen of which the path of the i-th beam is displayed and, ultimately, for the N rays, the desired radiation pattern.

The control unit (PCU) 28 automatically controls the operation of the digital computing device. Using the keyboard of the control unit, the sound speed meter is turned on and off, the modes of its operation are selected, and the necessary input data are input into the corresponding blocks of the computing device.

As follows from the foregoing, the sound velocity meter in a liquid medium according to this utility model has significant advantages compared to the prototype. It produces the processing of measurement results necessary to increase the efficiency of shipboard sonar aids. It is possible to work on the move of the vessel with disposable wire measuring probes of sound speed, to compute VSWR according to the results of measurements in the area using other means of vertical temperature distribution, and also to calculate and display on the display screen radiation patterns characterizing the propagation of acoustic energy in the sea. This allows you to significantly expand, compared with the prototype, the functionality of the proposed sound velocity meter.

thirteen

SoАЯДзша, -sina |)

AC cosccg

A test sample of a sound velocity meter in a liquid medium, but this noisy model, was developed and manufactured. The equipment of the onyte sample was made on a microelement base. The on-board equipment computing device uses the latest high-speed and high-precision programmable microprocessors, combining

functions of several computing units and allowing to quickly change their functioning programs when new, more advanced algorithms appear.

Sources of information

fifteen

1. Gorskaya A.I., Zhilina N.A., Komlyakov V.A., Tsvetkov V.A. The measurement of the speed of sound in water. Surveying and cartography. 1982. No. 6. S.52-54.

2.MK-12. Oceanographic Data Acquisition System. Sippican Inc. 1995.

3. Certificate for utility model No. 13576, IPC 7 G 01 N 5/00 according to the application No. 99122079/20 of 10.19.1999, publ. 04/27/2000 Owners: MGP "Spectrum and AOZT LPAI" Invart.

Claims (4)

1. A sound velocity meter in a liquid medium, comprising a measuring probe immersed on a sealed insulated conductor (cable or wire), in which a frequency sound pressure transducer, a hydrostatic pressure frequency transducer, a signal separation circuit and a secondary power supply are located, the first output of the circuit signal separation is connected to the input of the secondary power source, its second output is connected to a sealed insulated conductor, and on-board equipment, including a signal separation circuit, a secondary power source, a control unit, first and second isolation filters, an analog-to-digital converter and a digital computing device with a display, comprising a unit for determining the speed of sound, a unit for determining hydrostatic pressure, a unit for determining the depth of the probe by hydrostatic pressure , a unit for determining the vertical distribution of the speed of sound (ARW), an archiving unit and a data output unit, the first input of a signal separation circuit electrically connected to a sealed insulated conductor, and its second input is connected to the corresponding output of the secondary power source, the output of the sound velocity determination unit is connected to the first input of the VRSZ determination unit, the output of the hydrostatic pressure determination unit is connected to the second input of which through the hydrostatic pressure depth determination unit, and the output of the detection block of the VSLW is connected to the first input of the archiving block, characterized in that the outputs of the measuring probe in the measuring probe a sound speed generator and a hydrostatic pressure transducer are connected to the corresponding inputs of the signal adder, its output is connected to the input of the signal separation circuit, in the on-board equipment the first and second separation filters are made digital, and the VRSS smoothing unit, the VRSS approximation block are additionally introduced into the digital computing device, a block for completing the VSWD to the bottom and a removable block of statistical data, the output of the signal separation circuit is connected to the input of an analog-digital conversion the caller, the output of which is connected to the inputs of the first and second digital separation filters, and the output of the first digital separation filter is connected to the input of the sound velocity determination unit, and the output of the second digital separation filter is connected to the input of the hydrostatic pressure determination unit, the output of the VRSS determination unit through the series-connected block smoothing VRS and approximation block VRS connected to the first input of the building block VRS to the bottom, the second input of which is connected to the first output with emnogo block statistical data, wherein the output unit tuning to the bottom VRSZ electrically connected to the second input archiving unit, with the input data output unit and the first input of the display.  2. The sound velocity meter according to claim 1, characterized in that the digital computing device additionally includes a unit for calculating the depth of the measuring probe by its immersion speed, the input of which is connected to the output of the first digital isolation filter, and the output is connected to the third input of the detection device.  3. The sound velocity meter according to claim 2, characterized in that the digital computing device additionally introduces a VRSS calculation unit, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the removable statistical data unit, the second input is electrically connected to the control unit, and its first output is connected to the second input of the display. 4. The sound velocity meter according to claim 3, characterized in that the digital computing device additionally includes a block for constructing radiation patterns, the first input of which is connected to the output of the completion block of the VRSZ to the bottom, the second input is connected to the second output of the calculation block of VRS, the third input is electrically connected to the control unit, and the output is connected to the third input of the display.