RU2513464C1 - Open mining method for mineral deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining, more precisely to open mining of high deposits with use of continuous operation technique. The method includes cutting of a permanent trench, construction of a working trench, installation of transportation lines, bench cutting of mineral resources by continuous extraction and haulage system with a fan-shaped area of operations. When operations are performed in the fan-shaped manner a solid bed located outside the fan-shaped border is developed simultaneously; mineral deposits are shipped to transportation lines and at first the area of a V-shaped cut is determined at the fan-shaped area of operations in compliance with the following condition: $$S_{i(\text{sector})}=\frac{\pi \cdot L_{wa}^2\cdot {\alpha }_i}{360},$$

where L_wa - length of working area, m; α_i - angle of working area turn, degree; then the area of the V-shaped cut is determined with consideration of the solid bed in compliance with the following condition: $$S_i=\frac{L_{wa}^2\cdot tg({\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^n{\alpha }_i})}{2},$$

where L_wa - length of working area, m; α_i - angle of working area turn, degree; and for the purpose of simultaneous performance of the fan-shaped working area and the V-shaped cut in the solid bed its volume is determined in compliance with the following condition: $$V_s=H\cdot (S_i-S_{i-1}-S_{i(\sec \text{}tor)}),$$

where H is an average thickness of mineral deposit, m; S_i is the area of the V-shaped cut with consideration of the solid bed, m²; S_i(sector) is the area of the V-shaped cut, m².

EFFECT: reducing labour intensity, increasing efficiency, sound extraction of mineral resources and safety of mining operations.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry, and more specifically to open-cast mining of powerful deposits using continuous technology.

It is known that when developing horizontal and hollow deposits of deposits when using conveyor transport, it is necessary to systematically carry out work to increase the number of main conveyors, leading to an emergency stop of all conveyor lines that are in technological communication (Theory and Practice of Open Development. M .: Nedra, 1973. 636 pp. Auth .: N.V. Melnikov, A.I. Arsentiev, M.S. Gazizov et al., P. 271).

The specified method is characterized by the high complexity of work on increasing the supply of trunk conveyors, reducing the effectiveness of continuous technology.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a method of open mining of mineral deposits, horizontal and gentle bedding of powerful deposits using continuous technology. The method includes the development of overburden, excavation of minerals and internal dumping, the development of overburden is performed by wedge-shaped approaches with a complete excavation of the wedge, provided the parallelism of the lines of the lower edge of the internal dump from the mining zone, the axial line of the excavator when working out the lower mining subspecies of the ledge, the axial line of the course reloader, lower and upper edge of the lower production ledge of the subsequent run-in, axial lines of downhole conveyors for transporting minerals th recess at the lower and upper podustupov mining, the axial line of the excavator travel at working mining podustupa upper ledge, the lower and upper edge of the upper ledge subsequent stope mining, centerline stroke overburden excavator, the lower and upper edge of the ledge overburden subsequent stope. And when the front of the mining operations is turned 90 degrees from the initial position, work is done to shorten the length of the main conveyor and lengthen the face, transporting minerals of the upper approach, by an amount equal to the center distance between conveyors for radial rotation of the face conveyors relative to the point of transshipment of minerals from the bottom on the main conveyors, and when turning the overburden front of mining operations by 180 degrees, further development is carried out parallel to the axis of the quarry field. [Patent RU No. 2394157 C1, E21C 41/26, 05.26.2009, publ. 07/10/2010].

This option for cutting a quarry field has a rounded shape, which complicates the development of mining in the plan.

The main objective of the invention is to reduce the complexity, increase efficiency, rational extraction of minerals and the safety of mining.

The problem is achieved in that in the method of open development of a mineral deposit with fan advancement of the front of work, including the excavation of a major trench, the construction of a cut trench, the installation of transport communications, the extraction of minerals with ledges by means of a continuous mining and loading complex with fan advancement of the front of work, according to the invention while promoting the fan front of work simultaneously develop pillars of minerals located beyond Anica front of the fan, the shipment of minerals from pillar to produce transport communications and initially define a wedge-shaped area of the stope when the fan-front prodviganii in accordance with the condition:

$$S_{i(\mathrm{from}e\mathrm{to}t\mathrm{about}R)}=\frac{\pi \cdot {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L\; f"\; filenames="00000017.png,00000018.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L\; </figure-callout>}}_f^{}\cdot {\alpha }_i}{360},$$

where L _f - the length of the front of work, m;

α _i - the angle of rotation of the front of the work, hail,

then determine the area of the wedge-shaped approach taking into account the pillar in accordance with the condition:

$$S_i=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L\; f"\; filenames="00000017.png,00000018.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L\; </figure-callout>}}_f^{}\cdot tg({\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^n{\alpha }_i})}{2},$$

where L _f - the length of the front of work, m;

α _i - the angle of rotation of the front of the work, city.,

and for the simultaneous promotion of the fan front of work with the development of pillars, determine its volume, in accordance with the condition:

$$V_c=H\cdot (S_i-S_{i-\mathrm{one}}-S_{i(\mathrm{from}e\mathrm{to}t\mathrm{about}R)}),$$

where N is the average mineral power, m;

S _i - the area of the wedge-shaped approach taking into account the rear sight, m ² ;

S _{i-1 - the} area of the previous wedge-shaped approach taking into account the rear sight, m ² ;

S _{i (sector)} is the area of the wedge-shaped approach, m ² .

This method is illustrated graphically, figure 1 shows the mathematical dependence of the volume of the pillar of the mineral from the angle of rotation of the front of mining, where the axis X gives the angle of rotation of the front of the work, and along the axis Y - the volume of the pillar of the mineral, figure 2 - scheme of mining works in the plan (front <90 °) and Fig. 3 is a diagram of mining operations in the plan (front> 90 °), where 1 is the capital trench; 2 - split trench; 3 - transport communications; 4 - continuous mining and loading complex; 5 - dump; 6 - pillar of the mineral; 7 - mining and loading complex of cyclic action; 8 - the boundary of the quarry field.

The method is as follows. Using well-known technology and tools, a major trench 1 and a split trench 2 are passed, in which transport communications are located 3. The extraction of minerals is carried out when the front of the works is fan-shaped using a continuous excavation and loading complex 4 and storage of waste rock in dump 5. In this case the development system inevitably remains the pillars of the mineral 6, for their elimination it was proposed to work out the pillars of the mineral simultaneously with fan advancement of the front of work 6 by a cyclic mining and loading complex 7, with the advancement of mining operations within the boundaries of the career field 8, shipment of minerals to transport communications 3 and storage of waste rock in dump 5. After moving the work front to an angle of more than 90 °, the mining and loading complex is driven cyclic action 7 on the opposite pillar of mineral 6 for further development of the career field.

For planning the development of mining, it is necessary to determine the volume of the pillar of the mineral, for this we consider the mining scheme in the plan (front <90 °) of Fig. 2.

We find the area of the wedge-shaped entry of a mineral by a continuous mining and loading complex:

$$S_{i(\mathrm{from}e\mathrm{to}t\mathrm{about}R)}=\frac{\pi \cdot {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L\; f"\; filenames="00000017.png,00000018.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L\; </figure-callout>}}_f^{}\cdot {\alpha }_i}{360}\text{, (one)}$$

where L _f - the length of the front of work, m; α _i - the angle of rotation of the front of the work, deg.

Extending the line of the contour of the entry of the continuous mining and loading complex L, to the boundary of the quarry field, a triangle S _i is formed - the area of mining of the wedge-shaped entry taking into account the pillar, which we find by the formula

$$S_i=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L\; f"\; filenames="00000017.png,00000018.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L\; </figure-callout>}}_f^{}\cdot tg({\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^n{\alpha }_i})}{2}\text{, (2)}$$

where L _f - the length of the front of work, m; α _i - the angle of rotation of the front of the work, deg.

The volume of the pillar of a mineral is determined by the formula:

$$V=H\cdot (S_i-S_{i-\mathrm{one}}-S_{i(\mathrm{from}e\mathrm{to}t\mathrm{about}R)}),\text{(3)}$$

where H is the average mineral power, m.

S _i - the area of mining a wedge-shaped approach taking into account the rear pillar, m ²

S _i-1 - the area of the previous wedge-shaped approach taking into account the rear sight, m ² ;

S _{i (sector)} - the area of the wedge-shaped approach, m

Based on these formulas, the mathematical dependence of the volume of the pillar of the mineral on the angle of rotation of the front of the mining operations of Fig. 1 was derived.

The graph shows that with an increase in the angle of rotation of the front of mining, the area of the pillar of the mineral increases. The maximum value of the pillar volume is achieved when the angle of rotation of the mining front is 45 ° and decreases with further development, this allows you to plan the distribution of power of the mining and loading complex of cyclic action, which in turn determines the reduction of labor intensity, increased efficiency, rational extraction of minerals and safe mining mining operations.

Claims (1)

A method of open-pit mining of mineral deposits, including the sinking of a capital and continuous trench, the installation of transport communications, the extraction of minerals by ledges by means of a continuous excavation and loading complex while fanning the front of the work, characterized in that while promoting the fan front of the work, mineral pillars located at the same time are developed abroad the fan front, the shipment of minerals from pillars is carried out on transport communications and first, determine the area of the wedge-shaped approach with fan advancement of the front in accordance with the condition:
$$S_{i(\mathrm{from}e\mathrm{to}t\mathrm{about}R)}=\frac{\pi \cdot L_f^2\cdot {\alpha }_i}{360},$$

where L _f - the length of the front of work, m;
α _i - the angle of rotation of the front of the work, hail,
then determine the area of the wedge-shaped approach taking into account the pillar in accordance
with the condition: $$S_i=\frac{L_f^2\cdot tg({\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^n{\alpha }_i})}{2},$$

where L _f - the length of the front of work, m;
α _i - the angle of rotation of the front of the work, hail,
and for the simultaneous promotion of the fan front of work with the development of pillars, determine its volume in accordance with the condition:
$$V_c=H\cdot (S_i-S_{i-\mathrm{one}}-S_{i(\mathrm{from}e\mathrm{to}t\mathrm{about}R)}),\text{(one)}$$

where N is the average mineral power, m;
S _i - the area of the wedge-shaped approach taking into account the rear sight, m ² ;
S _i-1 - the area of the previous wedge-shaped approach taking into account the rear sight, m ² ;
S _{i (sector)} is the area of the wedge-shaped approach, m ² .

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