RU2508433C1 - Reconstructed building - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: reconstructed building includes the old building with foundation and upper overlapping, additional foundation located lengthwise outer perimeter of the old building, vertical columns located on additional foundation with at least one interfloor overlapping located above the old building, and overlapping installed on upper part of vertical columns and connected to them, and walls fixed between vertical columns. Reconstructed building contains in addition at least one load-bearing suspension located above the old building and connected to the mentioned overlapping. Additional foundation is made so that its loading is out of the area of power impact of the old building on the foundation. Overlapping is designed as load-carrying structure. Interfloor overlapping is connected to load-carrying structure by at least one load-bearing suspension, it is mounted in direction from load-carrying structure to upper overlapping of the old building and is designed with possibility of interaction with vertical columns.

EFFECT: improving operating reliability of reconstructed building.

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Description

The claimed invention relates to construction, in particular to building structures, and relates to the reconstruction of residential buildings, mainly two to six-story, with the superstructure of residential floors without resettling residents.

As you know, the construction of secondary buildings includes the old part with the preserved internal structure and the superstructure of the building (Kutuzov V.N. Reconstruction of buildings, Moscow: Vysshaya Shkola, 1981, p. 244-245). The building in a new, reconstructed form has a reinforced old foundation and / or an additional foundation for the attached floors.

The reconstructed multi-storey building (certificate of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 10755, E04G 23/00, publ. 08.16.1999) is known from the prior art, in fact, it is a reconstructed building that includes installed additional foundation supports (additional foundation) and columns (vertical columns ) outside, right around the perimeter of the building, made on the latter a new ceiling, on which floors of the superstructure are mounted in the subsequent. In this case, the vertical columns are connected by connecting elements to the outer walls of the existing (old) building, and the ceiling is made in the form of a continuous safety plate, additionally resting on the internal walls of the building.

The disadvantage of this solution is that the vertical columns are installed close to the perimeter of the old building and connected to its outer walls. This leads to an increase in the load on the walls of the old building, as well as on the old foundation. The ceiling during its installation also relies on the internal walls of the building as a result of which a significant proportion of the load impact falls on the old building, which leads to a decrease in the strength of the entire structure of the reconstructed building and a reduction in its service life.

A reconstructed residential building and a method of reconstructing buildings are known (RF patent No. 21114960, IPC E04G 23/00, published July 10, 1998), which is essentially a reconstructed building containing a reconstructed (old) building, an outbuilding with supports on an independent foundation , exterior walls and trusses with customization. In this case, the support is made in the form of a two-frame frame, the inner pillar facing the old building, which is mounted vertically on an independent foundation, made in the support zone of the inner pillar in the form of a tape grill with platforms protruding normally to the old building, on which the outer pillars are supported, and the angle of the frame racks with the outer wall to the horizontal is located within 60-90 °.

The disadvantages of the known solutions are the high complexity associated with the increased volume of construction work on the reconstruction of the old part of the building, the need to construct additional material-intensive load-bearing structures, the complexity of the structure itself.

A well-known residential building of secondary development (RF patent for utility model No. 60959, IPC Е04Н 1/00, publ. 02/10/2007), which is, in fact, a reconstructed building, including the old part of the brick building (old building), the attached part, general monolithic reinforced concrete floor and a superstructure of several floors. The foundation of the attached and superstructure parts of the building is made in the form of drill piles located along the outer load-bearing walls of the old part of the building at a distance of at least one span on each side. Paired columns were erected on piles, one to the height of the old part of the building, the other to the entire height of the building. At the level of coverage of the old building, the columns are mounted on a general reinforced concrete floor and floors of each floor of the superstructure to form the supporting frame of the superstructure and superstructure of the building. The design of the reconstructed building provides reliability and bearing capacity of the building, the possibility of construction and installation work without resettlement of residents. The disadvantages of this design are: the increase in construction time due to the preparatory work for the construction of the foundation on the drill piles, and the cost of the building structure itself; design complexity.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the described technical solution is the invention "Method of building reconstruction" (RF patent for the invention №2256046, IPC E04G 23/00. Publ. 10.07.2005), from the description of which the reconstructed building containing the old building is known with a foundation, an additional foundation located around the entire outer perimeter of the old building in direct contact with it, vertical columns placed on an additional foundation with at least one floor a land located above the old building and an arched structure on the top of the columns.

According to the authors, the known invention allows to increase the number of storeys, improve the appearance of the building, and also increase its strength. However, the known technical solution has several disadvantages. On an additional foundation, vertical columns were erected on which an overlap was installed. Moreover, the additional foundation itself is placed in direct contact with the existing foundation. Direct contact of the additional and main foundations leads to the fact that a significant part of the load impact during the construction of newly constructed floors falls on the old foundation. To increase the strength of the old foundation, work is underway to strengthen it, which leads to an increase in the construction time and labor intensity. The walls of the building are fastened with columns with screeds, so most of the load from the floor is accounted for by the reconstructed, old building. This reduces the strength and reliability of the structure as a whole and, therefore, reduces its service life.

In all of the above technical solutions, a common drawback is the presence of an additional load on the old, reconstructed building, which leads to a decrease in strength and, therefore, to a decrease in the safety of the entire structure. In addition, in all of the above solutions, all structures are implemented using well-known technologies for the construction of buildings on a bottom-up basis, which reduces the manufacturability of the structure.

The problem solved by the invention is to develop a constructive solution with improved characteristics and for the first time realizing the design of a suspended ceiling for reconstructed buildings.

As a result of solving this problem, it is possible to obtain technical results consisting in the fact that it is possible to simplify the design and reduce the load on the old building while increasing the reliability of the entire structure as a whole, reduce the time of construction work while ensuring the safety of construction work for residents of the building being reconstructed.

The indicated technical results in a reconstructed building containing an old building with a foundation and upper floor, an additional foundation located along the entire outer perimeter of the old building, vertical columns placed on an additional foundation with at least one floor level, located above the old building, overlap mounted on the upper part of the vertical columns and connected to them, and the walls fixed between the vertical columns are achieved in that it additionally contains t, at least one power suspension located above the old building and connected to the ceiling. Moreover, the overlap is made in the form of a load-bearing structure. The additional foundation is designed so that the load from it is outside the zone of power impact on the foundation of the old building. The interfloor overlap is connected to the specified power structure by means of the said suspension and is mounted in the direction from the supporting power structure to the upper floor of the old building. In addition, the specified floor is made with the possibility of interaction with vertical columns.

A distinctive feature of the present invention is that the reconstructed building further comprises at least one power suspension located above the old building. As a result, the interfloor overlapping by means of said suspension is connected to a load-bearing structure fixed to the upper part of the vertical columns, and is essentially a suspended overlap. Interfloor overlap is made with the possibility of interaction with vertical columns. The use of a power suspension for fixing the interfloor overlap and the execution of the said overlap with the possibility of interaction with vertical columns eliminates the power load on the old building and its foundation. An additional foundation, which is located along the entire outer perimeter of the old building, is placed outside the perimeter of the old building and placed in such a way that the load from the additional foundation with vertical columns placed on it is outside the force impact zone on the foundation of the old building.

The joint use of known significant features and distinctive features in one solution made it possible to ensure the strength, rigidity and stability of the reconstructed building.

The presence of distinctive features indicates the conformity of the claimed technical solution to the patentability criterion of "novelty."

From the patent literature, however, it is known to use power suspensions for hanging floors (RF patent for the invention No. 2104375, IPC EV04/14, publ. 02.10.1998). Hanging ceiling includes a shell containing a supporting part and a forming layer. The bearing part is made convex-concave from a flexible sheet or reinforcing mesh and is equipped with cone-shaped parts that perform the function of power suspensions. However, this solution is used for a different purpose, namely, in the construction of autonomous volumetric structures for various industrial purposes, for example, in the construction of multi-tier garages and parking lots for cars, and cannot be used in the reconstruction of residential buildings.

A technical solution is also known (RF patent for the invention No. 2379436, IPC EV04/32, published on January 20, 2010), according to which the building structure suggests the possibility of using a suspended ceiling on sagging rods. However, the described construction, first of all, does not have sufficient strength for residential buildings and, therefore, safety, and can be used, for example, for the purpose of erecting a suspended ceiling over single-story individual garages.

From the above it follows that the technical result is achieved by a new set of essential features, which indicates the compliance of the claimed technical solution with the patentability criterion of "inventive step".

The invention and the possibility of its implementation is illustrated by an example of a specific implementation, presented in the figure, which shows a vertical section of the reconstructed building. The positions in the drawing indicate:

1 - new (reconstructed) building;

2 - old (reconstructed) building;

3 - old foundation;

4 - upper floor;

5 - additional foundation;

6 - vertical columns;

7 - external walls;

8 - overlap;

9 - power suspension;

10 - interfloor overlap.

It should be noted that in the drawing for clarity, only those details are presented that are necessary for understanding the essence of the invention. Structural elements well known to specialists in this field are not shown in the drawings.

The new (reconstructed) building 1 contains the old (reconstructed) building 2, which is installed on the old foundation 3 of the old building 2 and has an upper floor 4. An additional foundation 5 is placed on the entire outer perimeter of the old foundation 3 at a certain (estimated) distance, on which are installed vertical columns 6. The height of the vertical columns 6 is determined based on the design number of floors. An additional foundation 5 is placed around the perimeter of the old foundation 3 at a certain (calculated) distance so that the load from the newly erected building is not transmitted to the old foundation 3 and the old building 2. Between the vertical columns 6, the outer walls 7 of the new (reconstructed) building 1 are mounted On the upper part of the vertical columns 6 installed and fixed ceiling 8, which is a horizontal load-bearing structure, working mainly on bending. Overlapping 8 can be performed, for example, in the form of an I-beam of variable cross-section (GOST 8240-49), or in the form of a truss, which allows you to cover large enough spans without intermediate supports. The design of the ceiling 8 is not limited to the views indicated here. At least one power suspension 9 is attached to the installed ceiling 8 with at least one floor leveling 10 mounted on it. The number of power suspensions 9 fixed to the ceiling 8 is determined by calculation, based on the possibility of ensuring a minimum bend of the ceiling 8 taking into account the load from all the interfloor ceilings 10 fixed to the power suspension 9, and the projected floor layout.

The proposed technical solution is used, for example, as follows.

An independent additional foundation 5 is laid along the entire outer perimeter of the old foundation 3 at a calculated distance from it, on which vertical columns are installed 6. The height of the vertical columns 6 is determined by the number of newly erected floors above the old (reconstructed) building 2. At the same time, the upper floor 4 of the old building 2 save until the completion of the construction and installation of the newly constructed structure. On the upper part of the vertical columns 6, in a known manner, an overlap 8 is mounted in the form of an I-beam or other structure. Power suspensions 9 are fastened along the length of the ceiling 8 at a calculated distance from each other. On the power suspensions 9, the first floor from the floor 8 is fixed 10. To prevent horizontal displacement, the floor between floors 10 is additionally connected to vertical columns 6 using known methods and means, for example, using screeds (not shown in the drawing), or damping heat-insulating gaskets (not shown in the drawing) are installed between the end faces of the floor and the vertical columns 6. Each subsequent interfloor overlap 10 is mounted in the direction from the previous downward, towards the upper overlap 4 of the old (reconstructed) building 2. After the installation of the interfloor ceilings 10, the installation of external building envelopes - external walls 7. is carried out. It is in this sequence, on a top-down basis ", The installation of interfloor ceilings is carried out 10. This allows, until the erection of the interfloor ceilings 10, the work without dismantling the roof of the old building 2, as well as superstructure of the old building I 2 without the eviction of its occupants and significantly reduces construction time.

In addition, the advantage of the proposed technical solution is that the old and additional foundations are untied with each other: there is no need to carry out work to strengthen the old foundation, there are no additional loads on it. The walls of the old building and the reconstructed building do not interact with each other, which also does not lead to the appearance of additional load effects on the old building. But at the same time, it becomes possible (taking into account additional calculations performed in advance) to form new connections between the walls of the old building and the outer walls of the reconstructed building in the form of elevator shafts or flights of stairs, or to increase the area of existing residential premises due to the construction of loggias.

Thus, the proposed technical solution, with its entire set of essential features, allows you to create a constructive system of a residential building, which provides strength, rigidity and stability at the construction stage and during operation under the action of all the calculated loads and effects.

The application of the proposed technical solution does not cause difficulties, involves the use of developed materials and standard equipment, which indicates the compliance of the claimed technical solution with the patentability criterion of "industrial applicability".

Claims (1)

A reconstructed building comprising an old building with a foundation and upper floor, an additional foundation located along the entire outer perimeter of the old building, vertical columns placed on an additional foundation with at least one floor level located above the old building, and a ceiling installed on the upper part of the vertical columns and connected with them, and the walls fixed between the vertical columns, characterized in that it further comprises at least one power a doorway located above the old building and connected to the ceiling, the ceiling being made in the form of a load-bearing structure, and the additional foundation is made in such a way that the load from it is outside the force impact zone on the foundation of the old building, and the floor is connected to the load-bearing structure by means of at least one power suspension, mounted in the direction from the supporting power structure to the upper floor of the old building and made with the possibility of interaction with vertical columns.

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