RU2508144C1 - Method of fire extinguishing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire prevention facilities.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods of fire extinguishing using vehicles. At that the method of fire extinguishing with use of a land-borne appliance with suction and fire pumps and a fire helicopter with an ejector pump and a fire-hose barrel mounted on its axis, made with the ability to interconnect the fire and the ejector pumps with the pressure fire hose. And the wound on the drum of the fire fighting machine, comprising the helicopter equipment of the device of "lifting-descent" of the rope, and the fire fighting machine - of the storage tank with the ability to fill it by connection through the water intake pump with the water network and/or natural sources of water, filling the storage tank with water, lowering the rope using the device of its "lifting-descent", attachment of the pressure hose to it, lifting the rope with the pressure hose onto the helicopter, coupling of the pressure hose with the ejector pump and through it - with the fire-hose barrel mounted with its axis, switching on the fire and ejector pumps, direction of water from the storage tank through the fire pump and pressure hose, the ejector pump and the fire-hose barrel to the fire source. At that the helicopter is equipped with additional tank for water intake from the natural sources, the storage tank is equipped with a hatch on top with the ability of automated control of its condition and filling through it the storage tank with water from the additional capacity. At that at the expenditure of water from the storage tank and absence of water network and the natural sources of water available for the land-borne appliance, the fire and ejector pumps are turned off, the pressure hose is disconnected from the ejector pump, it is connected with the empty additional tank to the rope, they are lowered to the land-borne appliance together, the pressure hose is disconnected from the rope, and the empty additional tank is transferred by helicopter to the available for helicopter natural water source and water intake is carried out from it by the additional tank, the filled additional tank is returned by the helicopter to the fire place, the storage tank is filled with water through the open hatch of the fire fighting machine, the hatch of the storage tank is closed, the pressure hose is connected to the rope with the emptied additional tank and they are raised together onto the helicopter, where the pressure hose is disconnected from the rope, it is coupled with the ejector pump, the fire and ejector pump are switched on. At that fire extinguishing is carried out till its complete elimination.

EFFECT: increase in net time of fire extinguishing due to elimination of free movements of the land-borne appliance necessary for refilling the storage tank.

Description

The invention relates to means for special purposes, and more particularly to methods of fire extinguishing using vehicles having fire extinguishing equipment and a room for personnel (fire brigade).

Known fire extinguishing methods using vehicles with fire fighting equipment and personnel are primarily fire extinguishing methods using vehicles / 1 /, which are one of the most popular types of equipment used both in the national economy and in the Armed Forces (especially in the Ground Forces troops). For example, a fire extinguishing method using a ZIL-131 automobile containing a cab, a body and a power plant installed on the chassis, as well as equipment and personnel located in the body. The disadvantage of this method is the open placement of equipment and personnel in the body, the complexity and inconvenience of mounting elements of fire equipment in the body, increased danger to the car and personnel (fire brigade) during fire fighting in especially dangerous conditions (when fighting fires in the forest, at nuclear power plants etc.), limited patency, etc.

The same disadvantages are characteristic of other fire extinguishing methods that use vehicle modifications that are specially equipped with additional mountings to accommodate fire fighting equipment / 2 /. As a rule, hand-held fire extinguishers, mounted tools (crowbars, shovels, axes), fasteners, etc. are placed in the car body. Installation of a tank with water, buckets, a motor-pump and other equipment is provided.

Fire fighting with the help of the considered means is associated with increased danger for both equipment and personnel. At the same time, such types of fires as fires on the battlefield, in fleets of military vehicles, in warehouses, in forests, zones of military conflicts, on peatlands, the water surface, etc., require special protection measures for both the vehicle itself and the fire equipment , and, especially, the personnel (fire brigade), since these fires in some cases are distinguished by the formation of burning blockages, difficult terrain (for wheeled vehicles), high levels of radiation, etc. To extinguish such fires using open wheeled vehicles the base is not effective, primarily due to low maneuverability and security / 3, 4 /. For these purposes, vehicles on a caterpillar base are more suitable, especially with an armored hull / 5 /. In addition, when extinguishing fires, as a rule, it is necessary to conduct emergency rescue operations to save people, property and provide first aid to victims / 6 /. In this sense, armored vehicles, especially those on a caterpillar base, are preferred.

At the same time, at present, a significant part of obsolete armored vehicles is being withdrawn from service and sent through the conversion line to the national economy. They can be used as fire extinguishing agents. Especially acceptable for these purposes is the infantry fighting vehicle / 7 /. Fire extinguishing methods with its use are effective because it contains an armored casing mounted on a caterpillar undercarriage with a control and power unit, personnel compartment, fire-fighting equipment system and manual fire extinguishers, and this compares favorably with previous machines. The presence of an armored corps significantly increases the degree of protection of the fire brigade from burning debris, branches, high temperature (when moving in a burning forest), radiation (in infected areas), from small arms (in war zones), etc. The tracked undercarriage provides its own protection from burning areas (steppe, forest) and high traffic in places of rubble, in wetlands, etc. Installation in the case, in addition to hand-held fire extinguishers, also a fire-fighting equipment system significantly increases hydrochloric security machinery against fire (especially at overcoming the burning forest debris).

However, despite the clear advantages of the fire extinguishing method using a BMP-based vehicle, it also has disadvantages. Since the main purpose of an infantry fighting vehicle is not only to transport personnel in the conditions of enemy fire, fires, etc., a significant place in the composition of its equipment is occupied by ammunition, weapons, its service systems, etc. The BMP-1/7 / also includes complex guided missile weapons. Therefore, the placement of fire-fighting equipment in addition to the standard equipment (containers with extinguishing liquid, a pump, etc.), and therefore fire fighting, become difficult. The creation of large stockpiles of extinguishing agents due to the rotating fighting compartment becomes impossible.

In addition, the design of armored vehicles limits the possibility of fire fighting at a considerable height, including in forest conditions. Therefore, for fire extinguishing in these conditions, aircraft are used / 8, 9 /, in particular, helicopters.

There is also known a fire extinguishing method implemented in a fire extinguishing system / 10 /, which is the closest in technical essence to the claimed one and is taken as its prototype. At the same time, it is also the basic object of the proposed method. This fire extinguishing method using a ground-based fire engine with a fire and intake pump and a fire helicopter with an ejector pump and a hose installed on its axis, made with the possibility of connecting the fire and ejector pumps to each other with a fire pressure hose wound on the drum of the fire engine, including equipping the helicopter with a device “Lifting-lowering” of the cable, and the fire engine - storage tank with the ability to fill it by connecting through a water pump with a water supply network and / or with natural sources of water, filling the storage tank with water, lowering the cable with the “lift-lower” device, attaching a pressure hose to it, lifting the cable with a pressure hose onto a helicopter, connecting the pressure hose to the ejector pump and through it with it installed on its axis with a fire hose, turning on the fire and ejector pumps, directing water from the storage tank through the fire pump and pressure hose, ejector pump and hose to the fire.

In this method, the problem of fire extinguishing at high altitudes (high-rise buildings in dense urban areas, forest fires, etc.), the problem of creating a sufficient amount of fire-extinguishing liquid (water) on a helicopter by supplying water to it from a ground fire truck was successfully solved. This ensures the continuity of firefighting, eliminates the loss of time on unproductive flights of a helicopter over long distances to refuel them with water, thereby saving their time.

The disadvantage of this method is its dependence on the presence of ground-based fire engines, their cross-country ability to the nearest natural water sources in the absence of a water supply network, the possibility of fire fighting in their absence, and the long time to refuel from natural water sources when they are significantly removed (since refueling is carried out by refueling ground fire engines).

In addition, in the absence of a water supply network and natural water sources available for filling the storage capacity of a ground-based fire engine, fire fighting is not ensured. Moreover, the possibility of fire extinguishing can be completely excluded if the position of the reservoirs is not accessible to ground-based fire engines.

The objective of the present invention is to expand the capabilities and increase the efficiency of extinguishing burning objects, including those located in inaccessible places, at considerable heights and distances, in the absence of natural bodies of water available for ground fire engines.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in the method of fire extinguishing using a ground-based fire engine with a fire and intake pumps and a fire helicopter with an ejector pump and a hose installed on its axis, made with the possibility of connecting the fire and ejector pumps to each other with a fire pressure hose wound on a drum a fire engine, including equipping a helicopter with a cable “lift-lower” device, and a fire engine with a storage tank with the possibility of filling it by connecting cutting a water intake pump with a water supply network and / or with natural sources of water, filling a storage tank with water, lowering a cable with a “lift-lower” device, attaching a pressure hose to it, lifting a cable with a pressure hose to a helicopter, docking the pressure hose with an ejector pump and through it - with a hose installed on its axis, turning on the fire and ejector pumps, directing water from the storage tank through the fire pump and pressure hose, ejector pump and hose to the fire source, supply years, an additional tank for taking water from natural sources, equip the storage tank from above with a hatch with the ability to automatically control its condition and fill the storage tank with water from the additional tank through it, when water is exhausted from the storage tank and there is no water supply network and natural water sources available for ground fire engine, turn off the fire and ejector pumps, disconnect the pressure hose from the ejector pump, connect it together with an empty full capacity to the cable, lower them together onto a ground fire truck, disconnect the pressure hose from the cable, and transfer the empty additional container by helicopter to the natural source of water available for the helicopter and draw additional water from it, return the filled additional container to the place of fire by helicopter, fill the storage tank of the fire truck with water through an open hatch, close the hatch of the storage tank, connect the pressure hose to a cable with an additional capacity empty and lift them together onto the helicopter, where the pressure hose is disconnected from the cable and joined with the ejector pump, the fire and ejector pumps are turned on, and the fire is extinguished until it is completely eliminated.

The introduced features allow you to expand the capabilities of the known method, to provide them with the properties of extinguishing fires at a great distance, in an inaccessible area, in the absence of water supply systems, forest and factory conditions using external (extraneous) natural sources of water located at a considerable distance and difficult to access for ground fire cars.

Implementation of the proposed method will provide the ability to extinguish fires in a terrain inaccessible to the vehicles under consideration (burning equipment on the battlefield, forest and factory conditions, high-rise buildings, etc.), in the presence of barriers (water barriers, marshy terrain, ravines, etc.).

The use (work) of the proposed method is as follows. The creation of a water supply, the preparation for the operation of all systems and elements of the prototype used in fire fighting, occur in the same way as in the prototype / 10 /, in accordance with the standard regulatory and technical documents. To extinguish a fire, depending on its type, both standard equipment of firefighters of a ground vehicle and a helicopter can be used, as well as newly installed. If a fire has occurred inside the machine and / or helicopter, then standard fire-fighting equipment systems and / or fire extinguishers are used in accordance with standard operating instructions. If a fire occurred outside the cars and its dimensions are small, then fire extinguishers, shovels, buckets, etc. can be used. For more powerful fires (in forestry, factory conditions, in densely populated areas with high-rise buildings, etc.), the introduced elements are also used. The storage tank is filled with water by a suction pump. Filling time on average 4-7 minutes. Water can be taken both from a natural reservoir and directly from the water supply network. Fire extinguishing occurs jointly by a fire helicopter and a fire engine.

When extinguishing fires in winter during parking and movement, freezing of liquid (water) in the storage tank is possible. In order to eliminate this, it is provided for supplying and adjusting thermal energy (by installing heaters connected to the power supply system of the fire truck). At the same time, this thermal energy is used to drain the tank from spilled water during refueling and transportation, for which it is supplied with a set of appropriate equipment and fixing material.

Usually, when extinguishing fires, water is replenished in the storage tank directly in the process of extinguishing a fire using a water supply network or an external natural source through an intake pump. In hard-to-reach places, the use of a water supply network is usually excluded, and the placement of ponds is often not available for ground-based fire engines. Such a source may be, for example, a helicopter, another land vehicle, not adapted to extinguish a fire.

The method of extinguishing a prototype using a ground-based fire engine with an intake and fire pumps and a fire helicopter with an ejector pump and a hose installed on its axis, made with the possibility of connecting the fire and ejector pumps to each other with a fire pressure hose wound on the drum of a fire engine, includes equipping the helicopter with a device "Lifting-lowering" of the cable, which allows the cable to raise the helicopter and (lower) the fire pressure hose to the fire engine. Equipping a fire engine with a storage tank with the possibility of filling it by connecting through a water pump with a water supply network and / or with natural sources of water allows you to fill the storage tank with water and create a supply of water for fire fighting. The descent of the cable with the device of its “lifting-lowering”, the attachment of the pressure hose to it, the lifting of the cable with the pressure hose to the helicopter, the connection of the pressure hose to the ejector pump and through it with the hose installed on its axis allow the channel to form water movement. Turning on the fire and ejector pumps, directing water from the storage tank through the fire pump and pressure hose, ejector pump and hose to the fire, allow for fire fighting. Providing the helicopter with additional capacity for taking water from natural sources, equipping the storage tank from above with a hatch with the possibility of automated control of its condition and filling the storage tank with water from the additional capacity through it - allows you to create a second channel of water movement, which performs backup functions in this method. Therefore, when water is consumed from the storage tank and there is no water supply network and natural water sources available for the ground-based fire engine, this channel remains the only one that allows continued fire fighting. Subsequently, the fire and ejector pumps are turned off, the pressure hose is disconnected from the ejector pump, it is connected with the empty additional tank to the cable, they are lowered together to the ground fire truck, the pressure hose is disconnected from the cable, and the empty additional tank is transferred by helicopter to the natural helicopter accessible to the helicopter to the water source and extract water from it with an additional capacity, return the filled additional capacity to the place of the fire by helicopter, open the hatch of the storage tank tons of water through the open hatch accumulative capacity of the fire truck. Manage the hatch with an automated drive, from the workplace of the calculation commander. At the same time, they provide lighting, observation and control of the process of filling the storage tank with water, establish communication between helicopter operators and a ground vehicle. Close the hatch of the storage tank, connect the pressure hose to the cable with the empty additional capacity and lift them together on a helicopter. Their joint lifting "saves" the subsequent movement of the device "lifting-lowering" of the cable. On a helicopter, the pressure hose is disconnected from the cable and joined with the ejector pump, which serves to reduce the likelihood of a fire pressure hose rupture. After that, the fire and ejector pumps are turned on, the fire is continued to be extinguished until it is completely eliminated, repeating, if necessary, the above actions.

During joint fire fighting in a prototype, a pressure hose wound on its drum is unstuck on a fire engine, the cable is pulled up and down by a helicopter, lowered to a fire engine and connected to a pressure hose, a cable with a pressure hose is lifted onto a helicopter and docked a pressure head through an ejector pump with a helicopter’s hose, turn on a fire engine on a fire engine, feed water through a pressure hose to a jet pump and a hose located on its axis, which direct a stream of water to Chag fire.

When water is consumed and there are no nearby ponds or their inaccessibility to land transport, the proposed method is used. Helicopter water delivery is much faster than land transport. Therefore, they deliver water to the place of fire by helicopter, for which they use an additional container for water intake and a device for lifting and lowering the cable to collect water and transport it to the place of fire. Water is drained into the storage tank through its hatch, which is then closed. Subsequently, the fire is extinguished similarly to the above.

The proposed method allows to solve complex complex fire extinguishing tasks in a wide variety of conditions with sufficient efficiency, which is confirmed by the tests. In the presence and use of the water supply network and / or natural sources, the fire fighting is fully ensured. In their absence, fire fighting does not stop, as in the prototype. It only slows down somewhat, but when a second helicopter is connected, not even a firefighter, the fire fighting continuity is maintained (which cannot be achieved in the prototype).

Fire extinguishing using the proposed method allows to increase the net fire extinguishing time, to exclude idle movements of a ground-based fire engine in the conditions of blockages necessary for refueling the storage tank, save the number of vehicles involved in fire extinguishing, and change fire extinguishing directions (± 360 degrees) without changing the initial position ground fire truck.

Information sources

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2. Schaefer V.E. and others. Organization of internal order and service in the park of a military unit. Tutorial. M .: VABTV, 1989, pp. 24-26, 50-58, 177-181.

3. Water tank fire truck. Copyright certificate No. 1602552, 1990.

4. Fire truck. Copyright certificate No. 910165, 1982.

5. Armored vehicle. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2055614, 1996.

6. Civil protection. Conceptual and terminological dictionary / Under the general. ed. Yu.L. Vorobyova - M.: Flyt Publishing House, Geopolitics Information and Publishing Center, 2001. 240 p.

7. BMP-1 infantry fighting vehicle. Technical description and instruction manual. M .: Military Publishing House, 1979.p. 5-32, 43-48, 509-518.

8. Modern technologies of protection and rescue / Under commonly. ed. R.Kh. Tsalikova; Russian Emergency Situations Ministry. - M.: Business Express, 2007. - 288 p.

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10. Fire extinguishing system. WO 2008079035. Inventions of the countries of the world. Issue 9, No. 7/2009 - Prototype.

Claims (1)

Fire extinguishing method using a ground-based fire engine with a suction and fire pumps and a fire helicopter with an ejector pump and a hose installed on its axis, made with the possibility of connecting the fire and ejector pumps to each other with a fire pressure hose wound on the drum of a fire engine, including equipping the helicopter with the device " lifting-lowering ”of the cable, and of the fire engine - with a storage tank with the possibility of filling it by connecting through a water pump with a water supply network and / and and with natural sources of water, filling the storage tank with water, lowering the cable with the “lift-lower” device, attaching the pressure hose to it, lifting the cable with the pressure hose to the helicopter, connecting the pressure hose to the ejector pump and through it with a hose , the inclusion of a fire and ejector pumps, the direction of the water from the storage tank through the fire pump and the pressure hose, ejector pump and hose to the fire, characterized in that they provide the helicopter with additional capacity for taking water from natural sources, equip the storage tank from above with a hatch with the ability to automatically control its condition and fill the storage tank with water from the additional tank through it, when water is consumed from the storage tank and there is no water supply network and natural water sources available for the ground fire truck, turn off the fire and ejector pumps, disconnect the pressure hose from the ejector pump, connect it together with an empty additional tank to the Su, lower them together on a ground-based fire engine, disconnect the pressure hose from the cable, and transfer the empty additional container by helicopter to a natural source of water accessible for the helicopter and draw additional water from it, return the filled additional container by helicopter to the fire site, fill it with water through open hatch of the fire engine’s storage tank, close the storage tank’s hatch, connect the pressure hose to the cable with the empty additional tank and lift them together helicopter, where delivery hose is detached from the cable, dock it with the jet pump, and the ejection include fire pumps, fire-fighting continue until their complete elimination.