RU2507272C1 - Depleted beet molasses utilisation method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: method involves mixing and cavitation of a mixture consisting of depleted beet molasses and liquid petroleum fuel in a cavitation device. As a result of mixing and cavitation one produces liquid boiler biofuel burned in furnaces of power boilers at sugar industry enterprises.

EFFECT: environmentally safe fuel production.

11 dwg, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to a method for the utilization of beet molasses by the method of burning a mixture of lean beet molasses and petroleum liquid fuels in the furnaces of energy boilers. The invention can be widely applied in the power industry in the sugar industry.

Beet molasses GOST R 52304 - beet sugar production waste, is a thick opaque liquid from brown to dark brown, with a smell characteristic of beet sugar molasses, with a sweet taste with a bitter taste, has complete solubility in hot and cold water.

Beet molasses is the last uterine outflow obtained at a sugar factory, from which further extraction of sugar by crystallization is unprofitable due to the accumulation of non-sugar substances in it.

The composition of beet molasses depends on the soil and climatic conditions of beet growth, storage conditions and the accepted regime for processing beets into sugar. In this regard, the chemical composition of beet molasses and its properties are very diverse. It contains 20% -25% water, about 9% nitrogen compounds (mainly amides), 58% -60% carbohydrates (mainly sugar), and 7-10% ash.

Beet molasses is used as feed for farm animals. A good way to flake coarse and concentrated feeds. With the addition of molasses, many compound feeds are prepared. When granulating feed, it is used as a binding ingredient.

It is also used for the extraction of sugar residues, processing into alcohol, in the confectionery industry, for the manufacture of sugar colors, for sweetening wines, making rum, liquors and so on.

Beet molasses is one of the most valuable beet and sugar production wastes. One ton of spent beet molasses contains up to 440 kilograms of sugar.

The decarburization of beet molasses is a method of extracting sugar from beet molasses. After the sugar beet molasses is unharmed, the so-called depleted molasses remains, from which 80% of sugar was extracted. (Adapted from the source newspaper - Young Communard, No. 126 of 11/11/2010).

Beet molasses depleted - thick, syrupy, TU 9112-002-01503401-2011 is a by-product (waste) in the processing (desugarization) of beet molasses GOST R 52304. Beet molasses depleted - thick syrupy opaque liquid, dark brown, without extraneous odor bitter. The solids content is not more than 60%, the moisture content is not more than 40%.

Beet molasses depleted non-combustible, non-explosive, non-toxic. According to the degree of impact on the human body, beet molasses is depleted in accordance with GOST 12.1.007. refers to non-hazardous substances - the fourth hazard class.

Table 1 shows the physico-chemical analysis of beet depleted molasses.

Table number 1 Physico-chemical analysis of depleted beet molasses No. p / p Level of quality Test result Test method one 2 four 5 one. Kinematic viscosity, cSt At t = 20.0 ° C 51.74 50.0 ° C 13.31 GOST 1929-87 80.0 ° C 5.44 2 Ash content (A ^r ),% 16.12 GOST 1461-75 3 Mass fraction,%: mechanical impurities 0.26. GOST 6370-83 water (W) 39.13 GOST 2477-65 four. Elemental composition,%, content: sulfur (S ^r ) 0.118 GOST 1437-75 carbon (C ^r ) 21.07 СО 34.44.206-93 hydrogen (H ^r ) 3.85 "-" nitrogen (N ^r ) 1.48 "-" oxygen (O ^r ) 12.68 by difference sodium (Na ^r ), 3.13 СО 34.44.208 - 94 potassium (K ^r ), 1.35 "-" vanadium (V ^r ) out "-" iron (Fe ^r ) 0.02 "-" calcium (Ca ^r ) 0.14 "-" silicon (Si ^r ) 0.09 "-" 5. Density at 20 ° C, kg / m ³ 1313.0 GOST 3900-85 6. The presence of water soluble acids and alkalis pH = 10.05 GOST 6307-75 7. Lower calorific value (Q ^r i), kcal / kg 1855.0 GOST 21261-91

Figure 1 shows a micrograph of the structure of the beet molasses depleted in the initial state, not subjected to cavitation treatment.

The cheapening of beet molasses does not solve one of the main problems of sugar production - waste disposal, in particular, beet molasses depleted in the amount of 60-70 thousand tons per year, formed during the operation of molasses in sugar production.

To date, at least three options are known for the partial disposal of beet depleted molasses, which are widely used in the USA and Europe.

In Russia, patents for the disposal of depleted beet molasses are not common. The first option is the utilization of beet molasses depleted in livestock feed. Disadvantages: very low demand, as there is an abundance of other feed; high transportation costs.

The second option is the utilization of depleted beet molasses by applying to the soil as fertilizer, it is bred and sprayed in the fields. The disadvantage of this method: large arable land is required (5-7 tons of depleted molasses per 1 ha of land); It is recommended to make no more than once every 3 years; high transportation costs.

The third option for the disposal of depleted beet molasses is the production of betaine. It is also used as an additive to animal feed and in the manufacture of soaps and liquid detergents. Disadvantages: low extraction of betaine (5-6%) from depleted beet molasses, high energy consumption for its production.

The essence of our technical solution is to utilize beet molasses depleted by burning in the furnaces of energy boilers as an alternative liquid boiler fuel from renewable energy sources.

The method of utilization of depleted beet molasses involves mixing and cavitation on cavitation devices of the type: vortex layer, static, dynamic, string, rotor, impulse-rotor, vibrating, acoustic, ultrasonic, etc., a mixture consisting of depleted beet molasses, 20 -80 wt.% And petroleum liquid fuels 80-20 wt.% And optionally at least one fuel additive in order to increase thermal performance, such as: octane increasing, cetane raising, depressant, depressant-dispersing Single etc., give cavitation liquid mixture of these components boiler biofuels, as an alternative form of liquid fuels from renewable energy sources, and the obtained liquid combustion boiler furnaces of biofuels in power boilers to the sugar industry enterprises.

A mixture consisting of more than 80 wt.% Lean beet molasses and less than 20 wt.% Oil liquid fuel is poorly mixed and has unstable combustion. In FIG. 2,3,4,5 are micrographs of structures and photographs of burning in an open crucible of a liquid biofuel boiler based on depleted beet molasses and petroleum liquid fuels. With an increase in the content of petroleum liquid fuel in the mixture of more than 20% mass parts and a decrease in beet molasses content of less than 80% mass parts, good mixing and stable combustion of the mixture over the entire range are observed. However, the burning of a mixture consisting of more than 80 wt.% Liquid petroleum fuel and less than 20 wt.% Lean beet molasses is not economically feasible.

The optimal ratio from the point of view of energy efficiency in the production of liquid biofuel boiler is a mixture consisting of beet molasses depleted of at least 80% of the mass parts and oil liquid fuels of not more than 20% of the mass parts. 6, 7 are micrographs of the structure and a photograph of burning in an open crucible of a liquid biofuel boiler based on depleted beet and diesel fuel molasses.

On Fig. a schematic diagram of a plant for the utilization of beet molasses depleted by beet burning in energy furnaces of boilers is presented.

The method of disposal of molasses beet depleted as follows.

Beet molasses is fed to a mixer-mixer with a cavitation unit (5) from a supply tank (1) in certain proportions that are effective for combustion by a high pressure pump (2), and beet molasses for dinner, and oil liquid fuel is supplied from a supply tank (3) by a high pressure pump (4) where pre-mixing and cavitation of two liquids takes place. Then, the resulting finely dispersed mixture (liquid biofuel boiler) passes through a heat exchanger (6), where it is heated to a flash point of 90-100 ° C and fed to a cavitation nozzle (7) for burning in boiler furnaces of energy boilers (8). The physicochemical and thermotechnical characteristics of the obtained liquid biofuel boiler are presented in Table 2. This technical solution for the utilization of beet molasses depleted by burning in combustion furnaces of energy boilers also implies double cavitation of the mixture, as in the process of mixing two liquids in a mixer with a cavitation unit, and on a cavitation nozzle of a mechanical type.

In Fig.9. a schematic diagram of a test installation for the utilization of beet molasses depleted by beet burning in the furnaces of power boilers is presented.

Beet molasses for dinner, petroleum liquid fuel, additives are supplied in a predetermined quantity to a supply tank (7) through flow meters (1, 2, 3) and valves (4, 5, 6), pass through a coarse strainer (8) and a high-pressure pump pressure (9) are supplied to the cavitation installation (10) for the preparation of liquid biofuel boiler, while the valves (12, 16, 15) are closed. The mixture is uniformly mixed in a cavitation unit (10) to obtain a finely dispersed highly homogeneous emulsion with a particle size of 1-5 microns. Then, the resulting finely dispersed mixture (liquid biofuel boiler) is supplied by a high pressure pump (9) through the valve (15) and the heat exchanger (22) to the cavitation nozzle (11) of the gas-oil burner for burning in the furnaces of power boilers. The flow rate and pressure of the liquid boiler biofuel to the cavitation nozzle is regulated on the recirculation line by valve 16. The valves (12, 17, 18) are closed. Sampling for checking the quality of the mixture is made from the supply tank (7) through the valve (12).

Figure 1 shows a micrograph of the structure of the molasses of beet depleted, in the initial state, not subjected to cavitation treatment. From the micrograph it follows that the microdroplets of water in the depleted beet molasses are surrounded by solvate shells of surfactants (natural emulsifiers in the depleted beet molasses). This provides high stability of the mixture during emulsification. Figure 1 shows large clumps of particles.

Figure 10 shows a micrograph of the structure of the molasses of beet depleted, subjected to cavitation treatment. Cavitation treatment provides obtaining finely dispersed highly homogeneous fuel emulsion with particle sizes of 1-5 microns, as well as significant grinding of large particles, clots in the initial component.

Table. 2

Table number 2 Physico-chemical and thermotechnical analysis of liquid biofuel boiler based on beet depleted molasses depleted in 75% of the mass parts and diesel fuel of 25% of the mass parts. Quality indicators Analysis results Test methods No. to work on dry p / p mass mass (100/100-W ^a ) one 2 3 four 5 one. Humidity (W ^a ),% 29.30 - GOST 2477 2 Ash content (A ^r ). % 7.71 12.66 GOST 1461 3 Kinematic viscosity (cSt) or its corresponding conditional viscosity (° W)  at temperature: 20 ° C 12.4 (1.82) - GOST 1929 50 ° C 6.30 (1.31) 80 ° C 4.30 (1.12) four. Density at a temperature of 20 ° C, g / cm ³ 1,1110 - GOST 3900 5. Flash point and 97.0 - GOST 4333 open ignition 104.0 crucible, ° C 6. Elemental composition. % content: total sulfur (S ^r ) 0.01 0.02 GOST 3877 carbon (C ^r ) 36.88 60.56 GOST 2408.1 hydrogen (H ^r ) 5.63 9.24 "-" nitrogen (N ^r ) 1.18 1.94 GOST 28743 oxygen (O ^r ) 6.30 10.34 by difference silicon (Si ^r ) 0,03 0.05 CO 34.44.208 - calcium (Ca ^r ) 0.51 0.83 94 g magnesium (Mg ^r ) 0.67 1.10 "-" iron (Fe ^r ) 0.08 0.13 "-" vanadium (V ^r ) out out "-" nickel (Ni ^r ) out out "-" sodium (Na ^r ) 1.34 2.2 "-" potassium (K ^r ) 0.52 0.85 "-" undefined the elements 0.05 0.08 CO 153-344.0-44.220-20001- 7. Net calorific value (Qi ^r ), kcal / kg 3457.91 6052.30 Higher calorific value GOST 21261 (Qs ^r ), kcal / kg 3979.34 6534.22

The density of a single petroleum liquid fuel is 0.86 kg / m ³ ; lean beet molasses has a density of 1.3 kg / m ³ . When two non-mixing liquids with different densities were mixed (lean beet molasses and petroleum liquid fuel), a highly stable fuel emulsion with a density of 1.1 kg / m ^{3 was} obtained, which has no sludge, does not separate, and can be stored for years. Water contained in beet molasses depleted at the molecular level is a kind of catalyst that improves the combustion process of fuel. Figure 10 shows a micrograph of the structure of a liquid biofuel boiler based on depleted beet and liquid petroleum molasses, which has stood for more than 5 months.

To improve the thermotechnical properties of the obtained liquid biofuel boiler, it is possible to add various fuel additives, for example, the following types: octane increasing, cetane raising, depressant, depressant-dispersing, etc.

Figure 11 presents a photograph of the burning in an open crucible of a liquid biofuel boiler based on beet depleted molasses depleted in 75% by weight, domestic heating oil of 25% by weight with the addition of a cetane raising additive for heating household fuel in an amount of 0.2% by weight. The photo shows steady combustion, even (without spraying) of liquid biofuel boiler For comparison, in Fig.5. a photograph of burning in an open crucible a liquid biofuel boiler based on beet depleted molasses depleted in 75% of the mass parts and furnace household fuel of 25% of the mass parts without adding a cetane raising additive for furnace domestic fuel is presented. From FIG. 5, the burning of the mixture in an open crucible is not stable with spraying.

Thus, in the proposed method for the disposal of depleted beet molasses, by cavitation of a mixture of depleted beet molasses and oil liquid fuels, a new liquid biofuel boiler is used as an alternative type of fuel from renewable energy sources for burning in furnaces of energy boilers at sugar industry enterprises

Petroleum liquid fuels used in the invention for its main purpose are divided into groups and subgroups in accordance with Table 3.

Table 3 Petroleum Liquid Fuels Fuel group Fuel subgroup Fuel mark Aviation B Petrol Car BUT Reactive R Gas turbine For ship and stationary power G Diesel installations (ship) For high-speed engines (distillate) D For medium and low speed engines (mixed) DT Naval F Fuel oil Furnace M Open-hearth MP Stove P Household Kerosene TO

The resulting new liquid biofuel boiler-house based on molasses of beet and furnace fuel has low flue gas toxicity.

The test results are given in the Act of December 20, 2011 (Appendix 1)

The main advantages of this method of disposal:

1. Utilization of depleted beet molasses.

2. Waste-free production of degassing molasses.

3. Obtaining a liquid biofuel boiler-house based on depleted beet molasses and petroleum liquid fuels, which can be used as an alternative liquid boiler fuel, replacing expensive natural gas.

4. Reducing energy dependence in the sugar industry from energy supplying organizations.

5. Reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere through the use of a more environmentally friendly type of fuel.

6. The production of electricity and heat due to the utilization of beet molasses depleted by the burning method.

7. Economic effect due to incineration of wastes of the same production.

Claims (1)

A method for utilization of depleted beet molasses, comprising mixing and cavitation on a cavitation device of a mixture consisting of depleted beet molasses in an amount of 20-80 wt.%, And oil liquid fuels in an amount of 80-20 wt.%, To obtain a liquid biofuel boiler, and burning in furnaces of energy boilers at sugar industry enterprises.

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