RU2504481C2 - Higher cross-country capacity composed by two parallel wheels and ellipsoidal wheel or circular arched surface arranged there between - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to cross-country capacity wheel propulsors and can be used in special-duty wheeled vehicles, in motor bikes and snow mobiles. Device uses the system of two usual wheels arranged in parallel with various wheels arranged between said usual wheels: ellipsoidal wheel with tire, arched wheel with tire or arched round rubberised surface. Said system of wheels has common rotary axle. Said ellipsoidal wheel with tire may be arranged between two common drive wheels. It is composed of two small outer arcs equal to side wheels radius and by two arcs of larger radius and arranged in symmetry relative to relative axle. Arched wheel with tire or arched round rubberised surface my be arranged between side wheels.

EFFECT: increased cross-country ability and towing ability.

6 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to vehicles, as well as to wheeled vehicles for special purposes.

State of the art

For land vehicles, the wheel is the main type of propulsion.

Special requirements are imposed on the wheel mover, which make it possible to ensure the following:

1. Good traction of the tire with the supporting surface, which allows to reduce skidding and wheel use when transmitting traction, braking and lateral forces.

2. Low tire pressure on the bearing surface, which leads to high throughput of the machine.

3. All forces acting on the vehicle are transmitted through the tires and wheels to the road, causing deformation of the tires and the road.

The engagement of the wheel bearing surface with the ground occurs due to the frictional forces arising between the tire and the ground.

It is known that the friction force of a rolling body is inversely proportional to the radius of the wheel, i.e. the larger the radius of the rolling body, the less the friction force and the less obstacle the surface roughness gives it.

When calculating the length of the area of contact of the wheel with the ground, the determining parameter is the radius of the wheel, i.e. the larger it is, the greater the length of the contact area.

So, the pressure of the wheel on the ground decreases with increasing length of the contact area. In this case, the specific pressure of the wheel on the road (abutment surface) is the main measure of the vehicle's roadability on soft-covered roads (snow, sand, etc.). The footprint determines the pressure in the tire contact with the abutment surface, resistance to movement and wheel adhesion.

On paved roads, friction is of primary importance. On loose soils, the value of shear and shear forces increases and in many cases is decisive. The greatest shift and cut of soil can be represented as the product of the slipping coefficient and the length of the wheel bearing surface.

Therefore, in order to improve traction and cross-country ability of wheel propellers, they strive to increase the supporting surface and the efficiency of engagement of the driving wheels.

The wheel is immersed in soft soil until the specific pressure of the wheel on the road becomes equal to the bearing capacity of the soil (specific soil resistance to vertical load). The more the wheel sinks into the ground, the greater the rolling resistance. The resistance force can grow so much that the car cannot overcome it under the conditions of adhesion. To overcome the increased resistance to movement, vehicles operating in these conditions must have greater traction and greater dynamic factor than vehicles operating on good roads.

The resistance of the soil to the load depends to a large extent on its compaction, and the higher the density of the soil, the better the traction qualities of a car (tractor).

The mover of the car (tractor) when interacting with the soil exposes it to crushing and shear in different directions. As a result, stress fields are formed in the soil, propagating both in depth and on different sides of the load. The ability of the soil to withstand such stresses largely determines the traction and coupling qualities of the car (tractor). Therefore, the soil resistance to compression and shear are the main indicators affecting the traction and hitching qualities of the mover. Recently, there have been reports of the use of non-circular wheels, which have an increased length of the surface of contact with the ground. Non-circular wheels are essentially transitional from conventional wheels to tracks.

When analyzing the operation of a conventional driving wheel, arched and oval wheels, it was found that their main disadvantages are as follows.

1. In ordinary wheels, due to the presence of a constant dynamic radius, an insufficient length of the supporting surface and a high specific pressure are formed, and also a decrease in the radius of curvature of the trajectory of the wheel with its increase in precipitation in the ground (snow).

2. Tires with adjustable pressure and arched form significant losses on rolling resistance, which determines a limited mileage.

3. Oval tires have a flexible rim and a complex drive from round to oval and vice versa.

The invention is known "Ellipsoidal wheel of a vehicle" Russian patent No. 20111549, class. B60B 19/00, 1994. Author - Mozhar I.V. This is an ellipsoidal wheel containing a flexible rim consisting of links articulated to each other. The ellipsoidal shape of the rim is created by the hydraulic system of the wheel, which complicates the design of the wheel and reduces the reliability of its operation.

Closest to the proposed invention in technical essence is the invention "Auxiliary disk" ALPO "to increase the patency of the vehicle", patent of Russia No. 2088420 (13), cl. B60B 15/26, 1997. Postnikov A.V. This is a wheel to the end of which a disk in the form of a ring with lugs is attached, which is smaller than the outer diameter of the main wheel by the height of the tire.

When passing soils with low bearing capacity, the wheel plunges to half the height of the tire of the wheel, and the auxiliary disk acts as an expander of the main wheel. However, insufficient width of the auxiliary disk located on one side of the wheel does not provide sufficient bearing area; the soil will mainly be extruded away from this device and will slightly reduce the specific pressure on the soil. In addition, the rolling radius of the auxiliary disk is less than the radius of the main wheel, which increases the friction force of the rolling body.

To reduce this phenomenon, the present invention is proposed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The essence of the proposed device lies in the fact that two ordinary wheels of equal diameter are located in parallel and are removed at a certain distance from each other. An ellipsoidal wheel with a tire is installed between these wheels, the diameter of which is equal to or less than the diameter of the side parallel wheels. Variants of placement between two parallel wheels of a wheel with an arch tire, or with a round arched surface (rubberized) or another type of oval wheel are possible. The system of these wheels has a common axis of rotation.

This device (wheel system) allows you to use the individual advantages of a conventional wheel and an oval (arched). This is due to the fact that the usual wheel works well on hard soils, and the oval (arched) on weak ones.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 schematically shows a variant of the device of the two-wheel system with one auxiliary ellipsoidal wheel (Figure 2 in a section) or an arched wheel between parallel conventional wheels (Figure 5 in a section) with the name "Device cross-country" in the form of two parallel wheels and between them an elliptical wheel or circular arched surface.

The implementation of the invention

The device consists of two conventional wheels 1 and 2 (Fig.1-2) with tires 3 and 4, mounted on rims 5 and 6 and rotating on a common axis O ₁ -O ₁ , to the ends of the wheels 1 and 2 due to the mounting bolts 7 and 8 an ellipsoidal wheel 9 is mounted, a tire 11 is mounted on the ellipsoidal rim 10.

The ellipsoidal wheel 9 (Figure 1-2) is formed by a part of the external arc equal to the radius of the wheel 1 and 2 R _1, and two arcs of radii R ₂ and R ₃ larger than the radius of a conventional wheel, which are at points 12 and 13, and at points 14 and 15 close the ellipsoidal surface of the wheel. The major axis of the ellipsoidal wheel divides it into equal parts relative to the axis of rotation. When the wheel system is rotated one revolution, ordinary wheels and an elliptical wheel rest on the road surface two times at the same time, because the part of the outer arc of the ellipsoidal wheel along the major axis is equal to the radii of ordinary side wheels.

In the case of using a variant of the wheel system with an inner wheel in the form of an arch tire 16 (Fig. 5) or a round arched rubberized surface 17 (Fig. 6), as well as in the form of another oval wheel (not shown in the figure), the essence of the technical solution is preserved. In all the proposed options in this system of wheels, the towing and hitching performance of the device is increased.

The device operates as follows

When torque is applied to the axis of the wheel system, they will simultaneously rotate, i.e. two lateral parallel conventional wheels 1 and 2 (Figure 1-2) and an internal ellipsoidal wheel 9, or an arched wheel with a tire 16 (Figure 5), or a rubberized arched surface 17 (Figure 6).

In the case of the rolling of the wheel system on a hard surface, two parallel lateral wheels of equal diameter form a supporting surface 17-18 (Figure 3), to which a part of the supporting surface of the auxiliary inner elliptical wheel 9 is added. This is due to the fact that the end part of the ellipse is formed by an external arc (between points 12-13 and 14-15 - Figure 1) of a radius equal to the radii of ordinary wheels 1 and 2. In this case, the supporting surfaces of ordinary wheels and the end face of the elliptical wheel are added together, which reduces the specific pressure on the road. When using the variant of the inner wheel in the form of an arch tire or an arched rubberized surface (Figs. 5-6), the supporting surface 19-20 is formed only by the side conventional wheels.

In the case of rolling the wheel system on the ground with low bearing capacity, the usual side wheels 1-2 will sink into the ground (to settle) and at this time the internal auxiliary ellipsoidal wheel 9 (Figure 4), or arched rubberized surface 17, or arched bus 16 (Figure 5). In this case, the ground pressure is perceived by two lateral conventional wheels and two curved surfaces of an ellipsoidal wheel with radii of rotation R ₂ and R ₃ (Figure 1) greater than the radius of ordinary wheels 1-2. Due to the additional supporting surface of the ellipsoidal wheel (large arcs), the specific pressure on the soil decreases, and due to their large radius, the rolling coefficient decreases. In addition, the soil was compressed in a closed space 21 (Figure 4), or in a closed space 22 (Figure 5), i.e. between the disks of the side wheels, and from above the surface of the large arc of the ellipsoidal wheel 9 (Figure 4) or arched surface 16.17 (Figure 5.6, respectively).

This situation increases the density of the soil, reduces the settlement of the wheel system, i.e. the total total area of the support of the wheel system increases, the specific pressure decreases, the adhesion to the soil improves (by increasing the density) and, as a result, the traction and coupling properties of the propulsion system increase, including due to the large arcs of the ellipsoidal wheel.

When using an auxiliary inner wheel in the form of an arch tire or an arched rubberized surface under conditions of rolling the wheel system on the ground with low bearing capacity, the essence of their interaction with the supporting surface will be similar to that described. In this case, the soil will also be compressed in a confined space, but already between the disks of the side wheels and the surface of the arched tire or arched rubberized surface of the wheel. As a result of this interaction, in this case, the traction and hitching properties of the propulsion system increase.

Information sources

1. Fonarev K.S., Danilov O.F., Babichev D.T., Surzhikov A.F., Oganesyan G.F., Fonarev K.K., Fonarev L.K. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2207249, cl. B60B 9/00, B62D 57/02, 06/27/2003

2. Postnikov A.V. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2088420, class B60B 15/26, 08/27/1997

3. Bocharov N.F. and others. Design and calculation of wheel propulsors.

4. Ivanov V.V., Illarionov V.A., Morin M.I. Fundamentals of the theory of a car and tractor. M., 1977.

Claims (1)

The apparatus system of two parallel conventional wheels and disposed between the auxiliary elliptical wheel with the tire or wheel arch bus or a circular arch rubberized surface with a common axis of rotation, characterized in that between the two conventional wheels of equal diameter, arranged parallel to and remote by a distance each away from each other, an ellipsoidal wheel is formed, formed by two parts of the external arc equal to the radius of two ordinary wheels, as well as two arcs of equal radius, but with a larger the radius of the wheels closing the ellipsoidal surface, the large axis of which divides it into equal parts relative to the axis of rotation, with the possibility of installing instead of the ellipsoidal wheel wheels with an arched tire or with a round arched rubberized surface.

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