RU2501202C1 - Disk grinding apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and can be used for presowing treatment of seeds of sugar beet by removing loose parenchymal layer of the pericarp. The device for grinding seeds comprises a housing, a drive, a lower disk made with the ability to rotate on a vertical shaft and an upper disk with a hole. The upper disk is made stationary. The center of the lower disk is rigidly connected to the vertical shaft mounted with the ability to rotate on a carrier with the displacement from the axis of rotation of the carrier by an amount L equal to 1/9 of the diameter of the lower disk. The lower disk is placed with the working gap δ=2…6 mm in the vertical plane relative to the upper stationary disk. At that on the vertical shaft in its lower part a satellite is rigidly fixed. The latter is in engagement with a stationary reference gear with a gear ratio U which is in the range of 0.5…2, depending on the predetermined value of the removed upper layer of seeds per one revolution of the lower disk.

EFFECT: method enables to improve the quality of presowing treatment of seeds of sugar beet, to reduce the percentage of injured and crushed seeds, to increase reliability of the construction.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for seedbed preparation of sugar beet seeds by removing the loose parenchyma of the pericarp.

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a device for grinding seeds.

A known grinding method and device for its implementation (AS USSR No. 1519540, A1, A01C 1/00 dated 02/10/08), the grinding method is implemented in a device containing two horizontally mounted discs having abrasive surfaces and rotating with different angular speeds . On the periphery of the discs, radial blades are fixed, located in the cavities of the spiral chambers, separated by a perforated partition. On one of the disks, curved spiral grooves are made, the side wall of which is made inclined.

The disadvantages of this device include damage to the seeds as a result of pinching in the inter-disk space and its clogging by grinding products.

A device for grinding seeds is known (AS USSR No. 1746916, A1, A01C 1/00 dated 10.31.89), the device consists of a loading hopper, fixed disks and a rotating disk, rigidly fixed to the motor shaft. The fixed disks are rigidly fixed to the frame and can be moved along the horizontal axis by means of a device. In the central part, the discs have ring trays. The middle movable disk has grooves made with decreasing depth from the entrance to the exit of the seeds.

The disadvantages of this device include obtaining polished seeds that do not match the specified shape, low productivity.

A device for grinding seeds is known (AS USSR No. 1367884, A1, A01C 1/00 dated 04/11/85), the device comprises a loading device, a horizontal fixed disk and another disk mounted with a clearance relative to one disk connected to the shaft by means of a ball bearing .

The disadvantages of this device include the low quality of grinding of seeds and severe trauma to seeds.

Of those closest in technical essence (prototype) is a device for grinding, peeling and grinding grain (AS USSR No. 2067025, A1, A01C 1/100 of 07/06/1991), consisting of a lower removable disk mounted on a vertical shaft, which receives rotation through a belt drive from an electric motor. The upper disk is pivotally suspended from the housing using cranks. To balance the disc, a counterweight is installed on each of the cranks. The movement of the disk is carried out by one of the cranks through a belt drive from an electric motor. A receiving funnel fixed in the housing, with its lower end, enters through the opening into the working cavity of the upper disk. In the lower part of the body there is an exhaust pipe for unloading the processed grain, and in the upper pipe with a flap for dust extraction.

The device operates as follows. The processed grain enters the receiving funnel, from it falls onto the rotating disk and, under the action of centrifugal forces and the pushing action of the upper disk, enters the working space between the disks, is ground or peeled and thrown out of it, falling into the lower part of the body and out of the device through the outlet pipe .

The disadvantages of this device include a high percentage of injuries and crushing of seeds due to the intense impact of two moving disks on them, the unreliability of the design associated with the crank suspension of the upper disk.

The claimed invention is aimed at eliminating the above disadvantages and when using it, the following result was obtained: the quality of grinding of seeds is improved, their shape becomes close to the ball, the percentage of injured and crushed seeds is reduced, the reliability of the structure is increased.

Graphic materials.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a disk grinding device.

Figure 2 shows the trajectory of the lower disk.

Figure 3 shows the trajectory of the seeds in a vertical plane.

Figure 4 shows the trajectory of the seeds in the horizontal plane.

A device for grinding seeds (Fig. 1) includes a housing, a fixed upper disk 1 with an opening in the center with a hopper for loading seeds 2. Regarding the upper disk 1 with a working gap of 5 = 2 ... 6 mm (adjustable depending on the size of the obtained fraction ) the lower disk 3 is installed in the vertical plane 3. The center of the lower disk 3 is rigidly connected to the vertical shaft 4, which is mounted for rotation on the carrier 5. The axis of rotation of the vertical shaft 4 is offset from the axis of rotation of carrier 5 by L. The value of L is 1/9 diameter lower drive 3. In the lower part of the vertical shaft 4, the satellite 6 is rigidly fixed, which is meshed with the stationary support gear 7. The support gear 7 is mounted coaxially with the carrier 5 and is rigidly fixed to the drive housing 8. The gear ratio U in the transmission between the satellite 6 and the supporting gear 7 is in the range of 0.5 ... 2, depending on the set value of the removed top layer of seeds for one revolution of the lower disk 3. The drive was carried out from the electric motor 9 through a belt drive 10. For collecting polished seed hopper 11. To balance the carrier at a distance L from the axis of rotation of the carrier installed a counterweight 12, the center of mass of which is located on the same line with the axis of rotation of the carrier 5 and the vertical shaft 4.

A device for grinding seeds works as follows.

The seeds passing through the hole in the upper disk 1 from the hopper for loading seeds 2, fall on the lower disk 3 with an offset from the center by a distance L. The center of the lower disk 3, rigidly connected to the vertical shaft 4, which rotates on the carrier 5 with offset relative to the axis of rotation of carrier 5 by an amount L equal to 1/9 of the diameter of the lower disk 3, installed with a working gap of δ = 2 ... 6 mm (adjustable depending on the size of the obtained fraction) in a vertical plane relative to the stationary upper disk 1. Carrier 5, priv rotatable from the electric motor 9 through a belt drive 10, rotates with the counterweight 12 mounted on it and gives the axis of the vertical shaft 4 a circular motion of radius L, relative to the axis of rotation of the carrier 5. Satellite 6, rigidly fixed to the bottom of the vertical shaft 4, rolling on the supporting gear wheel 7 with a gear ratio U in the range 0.5 ... 2, depending on the set value of the removed upper layer of seeds per revolution of the lower disk, transmits rotational motion to the vertical shaft 4 and the lower disk 3, which at the same time makes a complex movement (figure 2). Seeds due to contact with the rotating lower disk 3 and the fixed upper disk 1 enter the working gap 6 between the upper disk 1 and the lower disk 3 and begin to rotate in vertical planes (figure 3). As a result of the fact that the center of the lower disk 3 moves in a circle of radius L, and the lower disk 3 simultaneously rotates around its center, the seeds perform in the horizontal plane a complex movement along a spiral path from the center to the periphery of the lower disk 3 (Fig. 4). Due to this, the top layer of seeds is removed without damage, and they take on a shape close to the ball. The polished seeds, having reached a size equal to the working gap δ = 2 ... 6 mm, go off the surface of the lower disk 3 and fall into the hopper 11.

Claims (2)

1. A device for grinding seeds, comprising a housing, a drive, a lower disk rotatably on a vertical shaft, and a upper disk with an opening, characterized in that the upper disk is stationary, while the center of the lower disk is rigidly connected to a vertical shaft installed with the possibility of rotation on the carrier with an offset relative to the axis of rotation of the carrier by an amount L equal to 1/9 of the diameter of the lower disk, the lower disk being installed with a working gap of δ = 2 ... 6 mm in a vertical plane relative to the upper stationary disk, pr and on the vertical shaft in its lower part, a satellite is rigidly fixed, which is meshed with a fixed supporting gear wheel with a gear ratio U in the range 0.5 ... 2, depending on the set value of the removed upper layer of seeds for one revolution of the lower disk. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that for balancing the carrier at a distance L from the axis of rotation of the carrier, a counterweight is installed, the center of mass of which is located in line with the axes of rotation of the carrier and the vertical shaft.

Images