RU2499720C2 - Machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building. Proposed machine comprises engine, transmission, power train, running gear, control mechanism, supports with walking (reversible) drive for vertical walking interacting with thrusts and machine front axle lift hydraulic cylinder.

EFFECT: efficient operation.

7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, use in transport, energy, moisture, resource saving, construction, can be used for harvesting fruits, repairing power lines, mines and correcting glaciers.

The level of technology and technology is characterized by the fact that machines for servicing houses, forests, fields, mines for transporting snow and various cargoes are disconnected, and are not very energy efficient.

Known machines (US Pat. No. 2,337,851 A.S. 1833970 A1) that walk. For example, an agromachine (US Pat. 2342821 C) controlled from the outside and with a protection circuit. The use of hire high availability parts / US Pat. 2264320 /. Energy management. Tillage at any time and cold-ripened soil, bio-ripe and regulation of ripeness by irrigation is known / US Pat. 2226326 /.

Known methods and means cannot be maintained at home, cleaned of snow and icicles, harvested fruits, repaired power lines, walk vertically, haul loads, and effectively use city snow outside the city.

The purpose of the invention is the elimination of disadvantages and increased efficiency.

This is achieved by the fact that

1. The machine contains working bodies for cleaning snow, icicles, fruits and hands with a drive for walking and lifting.

2. The hydraulic lift, the drive of the front axle, arms and walking working bodies are connected.

3. The drive has reiki-rolls with holes or rectangular clutch cutouts.

4. The machine contains multifunctional walking working bodies for harvesting, sowing and watering in one pass.

5. The machine has a shovel-sled, a wall and a drive for walking.

6. The drags and rakes are connected to the walking drive, the wheels of the front axle are pressed against the wall by the rear axle and lifted up before the start of walking, then disconnected from the engine and walked through the windows.

7. After walking vertically, the working bodies knock down icicles.

8. Walk along the pillars, trees, trunks of the shafts of the rocker arm, glacier.

9. Sleighs in the form of a shovel collect snow, load, transport, unload into rivers, ravines.

10. Build and clear snow roads for sledges on the railway, river, lake, slopes by walking working bodies up and down.

11. Snow from the city streets in ravines and / or rivers with or without dams and dams is delayed and used in the fields by walking multifunctional working bodies.

12. Stubble, grass, straw, leaves of urban trees with water and lime are used to increase fertility and yield without dioxins, by adding peat to the soil or when processing cold-ripened soil.

Cold-resistant seeds are sown with and without fertilizers during the period of cold-ripening of the soil with and without lifting the wheels off the ground, feet with and without stepping of the working bodies and increase the energy efficiency of using the bioclimatic potential of all / and mountain / zones of the earth. The work of arms, legs, working bodies and wheels is combined, combined, sensed and evaluated by bio-cybernetic efficiency, reduced the number of performers, converted the transfer functions into gear ratios - facilitate cognitive, constructive, technological and operational simplification. Walking along and across alternately reduce and stop, with a shovel and a wall load the machine and combine the processes of collecting, loading peat and other materials.

In the graphic part of figure 1 shows a diagram of the movement of the working bodies for removing snow, cutting icicles, figure 2 is a diagram of the elevator supports and drive arms, legs, sleds for the arm and unloading or walking of the working bodies, figure 3 is a diagram start walking through the windows by lifting the front axle from and pushing the rear axle before the work of the arms / legs / on the windows; figure 4 is a diagram of a hand on a tree, post; 5 is a diagram of a hand on a support; figure 6 - diagram of the hands in the shaft of the mine, well; Fig.7 is a diagram of the walking sleigh trains and working bodies on the road, channel, field and slope. In the ovals in figure 2 and 3 shows the shape of the rack-rolling drive, similar to a chain transmission.

The machine assembly contains many control circuits.

The unit contains wheels 1 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4) of the front axle, longitudinal 2 and transverse 3 boom-carriers of working bodies 4 for cleaning snow and icicles, cylinder 5 of the hydraulic system, drive 6 in the form of sprockets and control rails for supports, one of which, in the form of a shovel-sled, 7 serves for the transport of snow and various goods, depending on the carts. Wall 8 can work: move forward, backward, depending on the setting of the limiter 9. Hands (legs) 10 can move / walk / through windows, arms 11 - through trees (poles), shaft of the shaft, legs and arms 10, 11 have a different shape rocker arms with a spring 12 of opening and closing with an emphasis while walking on a tree 13, a pillar 13, a shaft of a mine 13 of a well 13, parts of a rectangle, a straight line, etc. vertically. When reversing, lowering down, the excess energy must be disposed of by known methods / electric, hydraulic, etc. or destroy with brakes.

For the operator, cab 14 is installed with equipment for operation and control. The car walks along the glaciers and removes dangerous areas before the disaster. The vertical rover with working bodies 4 for cleaning snow, icicles, fruits, berries in the sleeve carefully lowers 90% and 10%, shaking through the sleeve into the catcher. The working bodies for removing snow and icicles from roofs on the ground have a protective zone. Snow removal with a shovel 7 is compatible with transportation.

Snow removal by sleigh 7, loading and unloading by the wall 8 depend on the setting of the limiter 9. On the sleigh you can carry tanks, many carts for various cargoes, evacuated cars, etc.

Plate sled 7 walking stroke has ribs and directional stability. They reduce lateral sliding during roll and bend, regulate pressure, melt from friction, and reduce drag. With a low carrying capacity, the skids and sleds rise to unload snow into the river through the coastal fence or to build a snowy road.

The drive in the form of a rack 6 has an asterisk and a strip of hire. Rolled rails in the form of strips with holes or (shown in the ovals of FIGS. 2, 3), squares, rectangles, have a cross section and tensile strength exceeding tens of times the chain strength. Bridges facilitate reverse, and a rope or cable reports a walking movement in four directions. A drive of 6 legs (arms), working bodies, a sled of a walking course tells them the reverse movement.

You can raise the axle, tear it off the ground to overcome pits, mounds when transporting goods, moving through obstacles, changing the toboggan to wheeled. Sleigh 7 in the form of a shovel crashes into the snow, they are loaded when walking, collect snow, load, transport in the desired direction, then by moving the shovel and the walls pull the shovel. Snow is unloaded into the river, ravine, etc. and the work is repeated.

A toboggan shovel 7 with a movable wall 8 and a walking drive combines the functions of snow removal, loading, transportation, creating a snow path to the place of unloading, unloading, i.e. simplifies technology and technical means and increases manifold the productivity of a person, equipment. The pushing force of 0.5 gravity from the rear axle and the lifting force of the front axle are half the pushing force of the rear axle and the force of the cylinder 5, reduced to the axis and depending on the load. At the start of lifting the front axle, they work together.

As the lift increases, the pushing force of the rear axle increases, the front axle becomes easier to lift, a moment of longitudinal tipping occurs and the leg engages with the window. The wheels of the front axle unload from gravity and begin to slip, and this leads to the action of the legs on the window. The drive of the wheels of the rear axle is switched off at the moment the feet begin to act. This connection is the basis of autocontrol. Thus, the front end is always on, the wheels of the rear axle are disconnected from the motor at the beginning of the leg operation. Stopping on the brake-lock increases reliability.

Tipping is excluded by the force of the bent arm of walking along the windows, turning off the wheel drive at the beginning of the work of the hands and counteracting the rear linkage machine. The options for walking on the stairs and elevator lift operate through the window and exclude glass breakage and walking on the windows.

The pushing force of the wheels of the rear axle presses the wheels of the front axle against the wall and they create lift and rise. Hands 10 are locked behind the windows and create a vertical walking speed. When you step back down, the wheels of the rear axle move away from the wall, the front ones fall to the ground and safely convert the vertical speed to horizontal. The transition from movement on the ground to movement vertically and vice versa facilitates the work of working bodies on the ground, snow, ice and under the roof when knocking icicles.

A rake for the strength of a shovel 7, a wall 8 can move, walk along and across the road, clear it, build roads, terrain slopes, collect and transport snow, ice, grain, peat silo, straw, hay, move and load with a rake-rake sled. Rounding and bending the arms 11 sideways and down to cover a tree, a pillar and windows whose width is different, twisting in space contributes to the removal of branches, wires, pillars and pipes, clothes dryers on windows and other obstacles, insufficiently adapted technologies and equipment. If necessary, the ropes are shifted, the blades are cut off, the windows are broken, if the windows do not open with legs and hands, it is possible to equip the hands and feet with tools.

Legs 10, arms 11, the inner side in contact with the barrel, pillar, glass, window, in some embodiments, you can cover with a protective layer of rubber or other material, there is an improvement in friction by reducing noise and pressure on bumps.

Moving tools to remove icicles in both directions / many icicles / possibly with a mill, a vibrator, a hammer from two skis, turning the rail for reversing.

An ice-builder, a snow-builder on the ground and a blower of icicles of manual and remote action - an option for extinguishing fires. It provides a separation of the front axle from the ground to start from the ground, increases vertical speed / acceleration /. Above the front axle there is a reversible drive for converting functions: cleaning from icicles, snow of hanging parts after a hurricane and other dangers. On snow, ice, a walking tool profiles the surface - the road for a sleigh transport of very high dynamic and braking action, with a small mass of the tractor - walking the legs of the sleigh, taking into account the course.

Ground walking along and across the axis is converted into vertical walking to the roof, then into horizontal and / or oscillatory movement of the working body of churning icicles and / or fruits at zero vertical speed, after which they change their position or walk under the roof horizontally through windows to knock down the next icicle and etc. Icicles are knocked down by blow, hesitation, ice-cutting, screwing a gimlet with a stick, a pipe from the window of the top floor when there are no passers-by and people on the ground after warning by a signal, whistle, man.

The most effective way and means of knocking down icicles is to use the windows of the last / top / floor. Opportunities for rescue, fire extinguishing at the steamboat, walking opens up great opportunities for expanding the functions, areas of use and safe life support of people on snow and ice. The minimization of disturbing actions and deviations of the adjustable parameter of the static error is insufficient to exclude the transition function, the delay of actions and dynamic errors. Reliability is enhanced by constructive, technological and operational simplicity, sensation of components, receipt and application of anticipated function - information - depositing reliability, reducing the number of errors and workouts. The impact of all elements on each other, a decrease in the number of performers, disconnectors of connections and self-regulation chains, an increase in connections gives the effects of speed, compensation for the failure of one control circuit, reliability, economy and efficiency of using bio-cybernetic and bio-climatic potentials and water conservation.

To compare the savings and the costs of transporting peat and water, taking into account time and space, the need for their regulation, taking into account the consumption and production of solar energy.

They regulate the flows of water, biomass, peat to the south, and products to the north, improve nature, save the climate from deterioration and increase the efficiency of using the bioclimatic potential by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

The effect of snow retention on the slopes and the north is obtained by the use of water and biomass. This is associated with the effect of moving fertility down and its compensation.

Excess or lack of forces, torques; the flow of liquid, gas, heat, current, light, resistance voltage, conductivity causes a change in the nature of the object.

Differential equations of various objects indicate their identity, increase the order of equations, decrease the level (linearization of increments). Discard the increments (linearize), choose clearly the conditions of uniqueness, origin, boundary with the environment (boundary value problems) from the set of solutions, determinization, reduction of the problem to a probabilistic one and the search for cross-correlation coefficients and the functions of connections, inputs and outputs make the search difficult. At this stage, the entrances and exits often come down to the consumption and loss of energy, potential, and very expensive autonomous regulation.

Here it is necessary to adjust the state, potential, stock without returning to the initial state, without many amplifiers, regulators, delays, transfer functions, stability criteria instead of gear ratios or ratios, anticipation of actions, rescue from consequences, combining functions, feeling the components, changing technologies, terms , actions, application of achievements, modernization, development, minimization of costs and loss of efficiency. This identifies problems and solutions, increases the efficiency of using the bioclimatic potential and life support of humanity, combining the functions of various machines.

The sphere of interests of many industries of all countries includes the principle of combining the functions of sensors, amplifiers, performers, wheels, brakes, propulsors, working bodies and means of protection and the use of navigation technology. Simplification of the design, operation at the same time opens up the greatest opportunities for development.

The generalization and solution of problems to their aggravation and fouling by a possible search and development of errors in a new way is complex.

The functionality of the terrain and machine factors brought to the steering wheel gives the control model:

$${\displaystyle {\int }_{t_{\mathrm{one}}}^{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t"\; filenames="00000011.png,00000015.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}_2}{\alpha }_{\mathrm{TO}}dt;}$$

$${\displaystyle {\int }_{{\alpha }_{{\mathrm{TO}}_{\mathrm{one}}}}^{{\alpha }_{{\mathrm{TO}}_2}}td{\alpha }_{\mathrm{TO}}};$$

$${\displaystyle {\int }_{t_{\mathrm{one}}}^{t_2}Ndt};$$

$${\displaystyle {\int }_{t_{\mathrm{one}}}^{t_2}{R}_{b}dt};$$

$${\displaystyle {\int }_{t_{\mathrm{one}}}^{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t"\; filenames="00000011.png,00000015.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}_2}\Delta pdt};$$

$${\displaystyle {\int }_{t_{\mathrm{one}}}^{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t"\; filenames="00000011.png,00000015.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}_2}\Delta Mdt};$$

$${\displaystyle {\int }_{t_{\mathrm{one}}}^{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="t"\; filenames="00000011.png,00000015.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}_2}\Delta Sdt}.$$

, $${\alpha }_{{К}_2}$$

характеризуют время и угол поворота колеса, Р_б и Δp - боковую силу и разность движущих сил, ΔМ - разность моментов от сил движения и сопротивления, ΔS - разность путей бортов. Эти интегралы решаются построением диаграмм:Here t ₁ , t ₂ , $${\alpha }_{{\mathrm{TO}}_{\mathrm{one}}}$$

, $${\alpha }_{{\mathrm{TO}}_2}$$

characterize the time and angle of rotation of the wheel, P _b and Δp are the lateral force and the difference of the driving forces, ΔM is the difference of moments from the forces of movement and resistance, ΔS is the difference of the ways of the sides. These integrals are solved by constructing diagrams:

d _K dt, tdα _K , Ndt; P _b dt; Δpdt; ΔMdt; ΔSdt. /4.2/

The rule of signs is this: the angle of rotation to the target trajectory is positive, and vice versa, and the actions of the bonds in the direction of decreasing the angle of rotation are negative, and vice versa.

The coordination of the thrust coefficients φ _T and the thrust efficiency φ _{E of the} right and left side propulsors requires taking into account the rotation of the frame in the horizontal plane. Reducing the traction coefficient of one side or increasing the other leads to the rotation of the frame in the horizontal plane. Such a connection between the rotation angles of the frame and the suspension of the sensor wheels brings to a new connection traction qualities; course and reactions. In the absence of freedom of movement and rotation of the wheel, sensitivity to a change in course depending on the air pressure in the tires, the load on the wheels changes, the relationship and mutual influence of factors are hidden, coordination of interactions is difficult. The reactive relationships of the machine and the soil are mathematically displayed by the interaction of the propulsors and the soil, the reaction control model during the formation of the trajectory and operating modes.

In one embodiment, the shovel-sled has an emphasis / anchor / to prevent going back during reverse movement. This makes the shovel walking. Extra-large forces are created by a walking shovel with a hydraulic drive, driven by a caterpillar. For cutting land, it can have a knife, a copier of the wall, a soil scraper. To reduce the resistance, you can install a vibrator, the oscillations of which are disconnected during unloading. The working bodies of walking with a vibrator can be used for shell cutting, shell expansion, grading and excavation by converting the resistance of the working bodies of 3 reactions into a driving force, which is limited only by strength. Terracer, grader, bulldozer can build and clean the drogues. The drive of the axles and wheels in proportion to the traction pressure force in the cylinder 5 loads the drive wheels, unloads and tears others off the ground. This makes it easier to walk axes and overcome bumps. The hydraulic system can be used as a sensor, load regulator, depth, traction weight hydraulic drive, drive of the working bodies, a dynamic factor in transport, and an automatic brake and auto-driver when combining the functions of working bodies and combining the functions of components.

The pump can work as a volumetric coupling, a load regulator, an uneven bouncer. Sledges have a large contact area with snow and, at low pressure, can transport very large masses of snow and other loads. Sledges align the drogues and allow the wheels to lift off the ground, which comprehensively solves the problems of transport, repair and construction of roads on snowy and unpaved surfaces. In these operations, energy efficiency is higher than that of well-known technologies and machines, a large variety of which leads to exacerbation of problems.

To increase the efficiency of machines and technologies, it is always necessary to distribute energy between consumers, taking into account reactions of the direction of movement. When braking, the conditions for power control of the drive forces in accordance with gravity are also strictly observed. In this case, stepping over obstacles requires disabling the axis drive with high resistance when it is raised. Such control of a multitude of parameters of a multitude of types of systems needs a new principle of theoretical and practical solution to problems of coordination of operation of control circuits. When coordinating the alignment speeds when turning with a zero radius, the rotation must be coordinated with the speed and roll of the frame at two steepness angles.

Walking technologies, working bodies and adaptive action machines can save everything from fire in high-rise buildings and reduce damage.

Technologies of solar energy conservation and efficient use, water conservation, photosynthesis, fertilizer, peat application, forestry, horticulture, fish farming, bioproduction, feed supply, regulation of ripeness and bio-ripening of the soil, combining, a combination of processes and operations, the use of walking machines and working bodies form the basis of life support, but often turn into trouble. Even the strip protection of fields, forests, gardens, houses, feeds, crops remains low.

Clean land is warming, but not burning. Bioproduction and photosynthesis increases the efficiency of using the bioclimatic potential, requires protection of all useful from burning. The globalization of machine innovations, walking technology and technology creates the basis for the development of the global economy.

Safe life support issues are being addressed

watering and regulating the ripeness of the soil, bio-ripeness, combining operations even harvesting and sowing; carriage of goods in the snow by car and sledges with dynamic factors exceeding ten times; prevention of failures of brake failures and inactivity of engines when changing the position of engines in space; receiving and applying extra-large forces from working bodies in mines, under and above water; repetition of work at any (and zero) turning radius by converting large resistances and extra-large forces of displacement and lifting, counteractions in assistance, control of means of changing the direction of the impact force; complementing the transport process by transporting cars and goods under significant environmental and ergonomic loads. All methods of reducing the flow of people and goods in the conditions of high information are used to increase safety.

Achieving this goal for many types of machines, controls, taking into account many parameters characterize the technical and economic indicators - the result of the application of the invention.

Claims (1)

A machine containing an engine, transmission, power transmission, chassis, control mechanisms and working equipment, characterized in that it includes supports with a walking (reverse) drive for vertical walking, interacting with stops, and a hydraulic cylinder for lifting the front axle of the machine.

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