RU2497667C2 - Vibration mixer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to concrete mixers and may be used in other fields of construction. Said mixer comprises mixing chamber with material loading and discharge openings, vaned rotor and rotary drive. Top and bottom vibrators are rigidly secured at the center of mixing chamber top and bottom parts: bottom and top vibrators to excite two equal-amplitude different-frequency vibration fields by top and bottom crank gears. Vibrator case is composed of metallic corrugated shell. Said shell is composed of thin-wall corrugated solid of revolution that forms truncated ellipse in vertical plane section over crimp peaks points. It allows generating opposite direction oscillations. Disk with guide post is secured inside shell, at the center of horizontal plane. Top and bottom vibrator disks have cylindrical ledges with rods rigidly secured to their inner parts centers and pushers attached to outer parts centers, opposite ends of said pushers being rigidly secured to inner parts forming smallest crimps of corrugated shells. Four ledges are secured in symmetry to barrels outer cylindrical surfaces. Spring is arranged between cases of top and bottom vibrators, at the center to excite additional vibrations of mixed components from cases of said vibrators.

EFFECT: ruled out "dead" zones.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for mixing concrete mixture and can be used in the construction materials industry, in construction and other areas of the construction industry for the production of multicomponent mixtures.

Currently, the economic development of the Russian Federation determines the processes associated with the creation of competitive production in various industries. For example, one of the urgent aspects of the development of the construction industry is monolithic construction, an important role in which is given to the preparation of concrete mixtures at the initial stage of production. Analysis of various sources makes it possible to detect the diversity of existing industrial concrete mixing machines implemented on the basis of machining in order to obtain high-quality concrete mixtures, i.e. getting them as uniform as possible in composition. The latter, in particular, makes it possible to distinguish the method of vibrational treatment of concrete mixtures, which has been tested by time and many scientific works, both in a single case and in conjunction with conventional mechanical activation. The prior art various devices that are implemented on this basis. For example, a rotary mixer with a mechanical vibration exciter is known (Patent RU 2297274 C1, 04.20.2007, B01F 11/00), comprising a mixing chamber, a rotor with a rotary drive, made with blades, a vibrator made in the form of disk springs with rubber shock absorbers, and rigidly fixed in the middle of the mixing chamber. The vibrator has a crank mechanism, with the help of which the Belleville springs excite particle vibrations in the horizontal direction. In the mixer, it is possible to adjust the intensity of the vibration by changing the speed of the drive of the crank mechanism.

A device for mixing concrete mixture is also known (Patent RU 2399486 C1, September 20, 2010, B28C 5/16, B01F 11/00), comprising a mixing chamber, a rotor with a rotation drive, made with blades, and a vibrator with rigidly fixed in the center of the mixing chamber axis, with disc-shaped springs and shock absorbers mounted on it with a gap. The vibrator is made with thrust washers of larger and smaller diameters, while cup springs, shock absorbers are placed on the axis in the following order: cup spring, thrust washer of larger diameter, rubber shock absorber , a thrust washer of a larger diameter, a cup spring, a thrust washer of a smaller diameter, a rubber shock absorber, a thrust washer of a smaller diameter The crank mechanism has a deforming effect on cup springs, washers, rubber shock absorbers by means of a cover attached to it by a bolted connection, thereby forcing them to oscillate in the reciprocating direction, exciting oscillations of the particles of the mixture in the horizontal direction.

The disadvantages of these designs include significant energy costs for the deformation of Belleville springs, a high percentage of wear of rubber shock absorbers, as well as insufficiently effective thixotropic destruction (dilution) of the material structure due to the excitation of vibrations of a strictly horizontal direction in the concrete mix.

The group of vibration mixers is also known from the prior art (Patent RU 2201796 C1, 04/10/2003, B01F 11/00; Patent RU 2189854 C1, 09/27/2002, B01F 11/00; Patent RU 2140320 C1, 10.27.1999, B01F 11 / 00), containing a mountainous body resting on the frame through shock absorbers, a vibration exciter and material loading and unloading nozzles, which differ in the presence of various rigidly fixed spherical and hemispherical nozzles inside the center of the body base.

The main disadvantages of these structures include the difficulty of using mixers in the production of concrete mixtures, the low efficiency and intensity of the mixed materials, and the insufficient mixing of materials in the upper part of the mixer body due to the lack of aggregates and mechanisms moving the mixture components inside the case, as well as excitation directed in the vertical plane of vibrations directly through the mixer body.

The closest analogue is a rotary mixer with a mechanical vibration exciter (Patent RU 2398625 C1, 09/10/2010, B01F 11/00) containing a mixing chamber, a rotor with a rotary drive made with blades, and a vibrator made in the form of a welded bellows with folding corrugations. The vibrator is rigidly fixed in the middle of the mixing chamber and is connected to the electric motor by means of a crank mechanism.

Also the closest analogue is a rotary mixer with an electromechanical vibration exciter (Patent RU 2292943 C1, 02/10/2007, B01F 11/00) containing a mixing chamber, a rotor with a rotary drive, made with blades, a vibrator made in the form of a bellows with a disk, rigidly fixed in the middle of the mixing chamber. The vibrator has an electromagnet, with the help of which the bellows excites particle vibrations in the horizontal direction. The mixer has the ability to adjust the intensity of the vibration by changing the frequency of the alternating current supplied to the winding of the electromagnet.

The disadvantages of these devices include inefficient vibrational study of the mixture or its complete absence in the upper corner (“deaf”) zones of the mixing chamber due to the geometry of the bellows strictly cylindrical in shape, as well as inhomogeneous amplitude values of displacements decreasing from the place of force acting to the fixation point of the bellows , in each individual section of the bellows, as a result of which the fluctuations from the place of force impact to the place of fixation of the bellows will have a damping nature, which dit reduce the effectiveness of vibratory impacts onto the concrete at the bottom of the mixing chamber.

EFFECT: realization of the possibility of creating software. the entire volume of the mixer chamber to the mixed components of the concrete mixture of vibration exposure with multidirectional vibrations, completely eliminating the presence of “dead” zones in the mixing chamber, two of the same amplitude, different in frequency and uniformly distributed throughout the volume of the mixing chamber of vibration fields, additional vibration effects on the mixed components with simultaneous qualitative intensification of the mixing process of these components as a whole.

The technical result is achieved in that a vibration mixer comprising a mixing chamber with loading and unloading windows of materials, respectively, a rotor with a rotation drive, made with blades. In the center of the lower and upper parts of the mixing chamber, two are rigidly fixed: the lower and upper vibrators made in the bodies, with the excitation of two vibration fields of the same amplitude and different frequency by means of the lower and upper crank mechanisms, respectively. The vibrator cases are made in the form of identical metal corrugated shells, which are corrugated thin-walled bodies of revolution, forming truncated circles in the vertical plane section along the points of the corrugation vertices, and made with the possibility of creating multidirectional vibrations, inside each of which, in the center in the horizontal plane, the discs are rigidly fixed guide racks whose function is to create stable directed translational movements of the rods from the translational pair, arr Call guide rack bottom of the mixing chamber and a lower rod vibrator lower crank mechanism and a pair of translational formed guide reception upper part of the mixing chamber, the guide rack drive rotation of the blades and the upper rod of the vibrator, the upper crank mechanism, respectively. Moreover, the disks of the lower and upper vibrators are made with cylindrical protrusions, the function of which is the ability to insert and fix along the inner diameter of the springs installed with the function of free compression / unloading in the cups, the rods are rigidly fixed to the centers of the internal parts, the pushers are rigidly to the center of the external parts fixed at the other end to the internal parts forming the smallest of corrugations, metal corrugated shells, and made with the function of exciting vibrations from the smallest of corrugations ibratorov. At the same time, four protrusions are symmetrically fixed along the outer cylindrical parts of the glasses, the function of which is the transfer of reciprocating movements to disks made with the possibility of uniform distribution of vibration fields from the smallest corrugated metal corrugated shells to the fixing points of the bodies by creating uniform amplitude values of displacements of each point external forming metal corrugated shells, at the time of compression of the springs until they stop in rubber gaskets, made x with the function of mitigating the impact with the disc protrusions. Moreover, between the bodies of the lower and upper vibrators along the diameters of the depressions formed by the smallest corrugations of the metal corrugated shells of the lower and upper bodies of the vibrators, a spring is fixed in the center, the function of which is to create additional vibration effects on the mixed components from the upper and lower bodies of the vibrators, respectively. The invention is illustrated by drawings: figure 1 presents a diagram of a vibration mixer; figure 2 is an enlarged diagram of the lower vibrator of the vibration mixer; figure 3 is an enlarged diagram of the upper vibrator of the vibration mixer; figure 4 is an enlarged diagram of the installation of the spring, mounted between the upper and lower bodies of the vibrators.

The vibration mixer comprises a mixing chamber 1 with loading and unloading windows 3 of materials 3, respectively, a rotor 4 with a rotation drive 5, made with blades 6, 7, 8. In the lower and upper parts of the mixing chamber 1 in the center are rigidly fixed two: lower 9 and upper 10 vibrators made in the housings 11, 12, with the excitation of two vibrational fields of the same amplitude and different frequency by means of the lower 13 and upper 14 crank mechanisms, respectively. Cases 11, 12 of the vibrators 9, 10 are made in the form of identical metal corrugated shells, which are corrugated thin-walled bodies of revolution that form truncated circles in the vertical plane section along the points of the corrugation vertices, and are configured to create multidirectional vibrations, inside each of which is centered in disks 15, 16 with guide racks 17, 18 are rigidly fixed to the horizontal plane, the function of which is to create stable directed translational movements of the rods 19, 20 from the post the pair formed by the guide rack 21 of the lower part of the mixing chamber 1 and the rod 19 of the lower 9 vibrator, the lower 13 of the crank mechanism and from the translational pair formed by the guide rack 22 of the upper part of the mixing chamber, the guide rack 23 of the rotor blade drive 5 and the rod 20 top 10 vibrator, top 14 crank mechanism, respectively. Moreover, the disks 15, 16 of the lower 9 and upper 10 of the vibrators are made with cylindrical protrusions 24, 25, the function of which is the ability to insert and fix the inner diameter of the springs 26, 27, installed with the function of free compression / decompression in the cups 28, 29, to the centers the internal parts of which the rods 19, 20 are rigidly fixed, to the center of the external parts are the pushers 30, 31, rigidly fixed at the other end to the internal parts forming the smallest of corrugations, corrugated metal shells, and made with the function of excitation of vibrations from the smaller of the corrugations of the bodies 11, 12 of the vibrators 9, 10. Moreover, on the outer cylindrical parts of the glasses 28, 29 four protrusions 32, 33 are symmetrically fixed, the function of which is the transfer of reciprocating movements to the disks 15, 16, made with the possibility of uniform distribution vibration fields from the smallest corrugations of metal corrugated shells to the attachment points of the housings 11, 12 by creating uniform amplitude values of the displacements of each point of the outer generatrix of the metal corrugated shells, at ent compression of the springs 26, 27 until they stop in the rubber gaskets 34, 35, made with the function of softening the collision of the protrusions 32, 33 with the disks 15, 16. Moreover, between the bodies 11, 12 of the lower 9 and upper 10 vibrators along the diameters of the depressions formed by the smallest corrugation of metal corrugated shells of the lower 11 and upper 12 of the vibrator bodies 9, 10, a spring 36 is fixed in the center, the function of which is to create additional vibration effects on the mixed components from the upper 12 and lower 11 of the vibrator bodies 9, 10, respectively.

The device operates as follows: first, the components of the concrete mixture, the composition of which is preliminarily selected, are loaded through the loading window 2 in layers into the mixing chamber 1 in the following sequence: sand is laid on the bottom of the mixer, then cement, after which crushed stone, lastly, is uniformly fed to the entire load the required amount of water. Then the vibrator drives 9, 10 and the rotor drive 5 of the rotor 4 with the blades 6, 7, 8 are turned on. The drive 5 rotates the rotor 4 and the blades 6, 7, 8, thereby mixing the prepared mixture. Pushers 30, 31 through the cups 28, 29 of the springs 26, 27 and rods 19, 20 by means of the lower 13 and upper 14 of the crank mechanisms make reciprocating movements, thereby exciting vibrations of part of the housings 11, 12, forming the smallest corrugated metal corrugated shell. Moreover, at the time of compression of the springs 26, 27 against the stop in the rubber gaskets 34, 35 of the disks 15, 16, the protrusions 32, 33 transmit reciprocating motion to the disks 15, 16, which thereby additionally excite vibrations of the middle part of the housings 11, 12 and create homogeneous distribution of the amplitude values of the displacements of each point of the external generators of the metal corrugated shells. Moreover, the spring 36, fixed along the diameters of the depressions formed by the smallest corrugations of the metal corrugated shells of the lower 11 and upper 12 of the vibrator bodies 9, 10, and installed between the bodies 11, 12 of the lower 9 and upper 10 vibrators, performs additional vibration effects on the components to be mixed from upper 12 and lower 11 of the vibrator bodies 9, 10, respectively. After a specified time, the drive 5 of the rotor 4 and the drives of the crank mechanisms 13, 14 are turned off and the finished concrete mixture is unloaded through the window 3 of the mixer housing 1.

In general, the device provides the possibility of creating the entire volume of the mixer chamber on the mixed components of the concrete mixture of vibration exposure with multidirectional vibrations that completely exclude the presence of “dead” zones in the mixing chamber, two of the same amplitude, different in frequency and evenly distributed throughout the volume of the mixing chamber vibration fields, additional vibration effects on the mixed components with simultaneous qualitative intensification of the mixing process x components in general. This is due to the fact that, firstly, the case of the vibrators, made in the form of metal spherical corrugated shells, which are corrugated thin-walled bodies of revolution, which form truncated circles in the vertical plane section along the points of the corrugation vertices, and which are made with the ability to create multidirectional vibrations, allow , on the one hand, to realize the possibility of creating the entire volume of the mixer chamber on the mixed components of the concrete mixture of vibration exposure, completely eliminating the presence of e in the mixing chamber of the “dead” zones, and on the other, to eliminate the vibration effect on the vibrator drives, to maximize the protection of the bearing assemblies of the vibrator drive from the ingress of small particles of mixed materials, as well as to realize the possibility of the complete transfer of the “useful” vibration effect to the processed material. Secondly, the implementation of the design of the mixer of two vibrators, between which a spring is installed in the center and each of which includes: a pusher, a cup with protrusions, a spring, a rod of the crank mechanism and a disk with rubber gaskets, provides the creation of additional vibration effects on the components to be mixed homogeneous amplitude values of the displacements of each point of the outer generatrix of the metal corrugated shells, thereby allowing a uniform distribution of the vibration field in the chamber mixing of, allows for qualitative intensification of the process of mixing the mixture components in a multifrequency vibration, consisting in the simultaneous action on a concrete mixture of two or more oscillation frequencies, and allows to increase the velocity of the particle mixture, which in turn increases the efficiency with vibration superposed curves oscillations. Multi-frequency vibration, based on the fact that each grain size corresponds to its own vibration frequency, can be considered as a means of influencing the largest number of grains, i.e. the intensity of multi-frequency vibrations is higher than the intensity of each of its constituent vibrations, thereby reducing the mixing cycle of concrete mixtures. And thirdly, the design of the mixer allows one to realize an increase in productivity, lower energy consumption for the mixing process, increased mobility and turbulization of the mixture due to uniform thixotropic destruction of the material structure in the entire space of the mixing chamber, which is manifested in a decrease in the specific resistance to movement of the blade in the concrete mixture compared with specific resistance to the movement of the blade of non-destroyed material. In this regard, the resistance to movement of the blades and the power consumption of the rotor rotation drive are reduced. At the same time, the effect of boiling of the mixture under the influence of oscillatory processes of the vibrator body, greater turbulization and more intensive circulation of the particles of the mixture is achieved, as a result of which the mixing time is reduced, the mixer productivity is increased.

Claims (1)

A vibrating mixer comprising a mixing chamber with loading and unloading windows of materials, respectively, a rotor with a rotary drive, made with blades, characterized in that in the lower and upper parts of the mixing chamber in the center two, lower and upper, vibrators are made rigidly mounted in the housings, with the excitation of two vibration fields of the same amplitude and different frequency by means of the lower and upper crank mechanisms, respectively, the vibrator bodies are made in the form of identical metal g of corrugated shells, which are corrugated thin-walled bodies of revolution, forming truncated circles in the vertical plane section along the points of the corrugation vertices, and made with the possibility of creating multidirectional vibrations, inside of each of which discs with guide racks are rigidly fixed in the center in the horizontal plane, the function of which is to create stable directed translational movements of the rods from the translational pair formed by the guide rack of the lower part of the mixing chamber and the rod of the lower vibrator, the lower crank mechanism, and from the translational pair formed by the guide rack of the upper part of the mixing chamber, the guide rack of the drive for rotating the blades and the rod of the upper vibrator, upper crank mechanism, respectively, and the disks of the lower and upper vibrators are made with cylindrical protrusions, the function of which is the ability to insert and fix along the inner diameter of the springs installed with the function of free compression / expansion in the glasses, to the prices the tram of the internal parts of which the rods are rigidly fixed, to the center of the external parts - pushers rigidly fixed at the other end to the internal parts forming the smallest corrugations of the metal corrugated shells and made with the function of exciting vibrations from the smallest corrugations of the vibrators, while along the outer cylindrical parts cups symmetrically mounted on four ledges, the function of which is the transfer of reciprocating movements to disks made with the possibility of uniform distribution of vibration ion fields from the smallest corrugations of metal corrugated shells to the attachment points of the housings by creating uniform amplitude values of the displacements of each point of the external generatrix of the metal corrugated shells, at the moment of compression of the springs against the stop in rubber gaskets made with the function of softening the collision of the protrusions with the disks, between the lower bodies and upper vibrators along the diameters of the depressions formed by the smallest of corrugations of metal corrugated shells of the lower and upper vibration bodies Hur, in the center of the spring is fixed, the function of which is to create additional vibration effects on blending components from the upper and lower housings vibrators respectively.

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