RU2497665C1 - Vibration mixer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to concrete mixers and may be used in other fields of construction. Said mixer comprises mixing chamber with material loading and discharge openings, vaned rotor and rotary drive. Top and bottom vibrators are rigidly secured at the center of mixing chamber top and bottom parts. bottom and top vibrators to excite two equal-amplitude different-frequency vibration fields by top and bottom crank gears. Vibrator case is composed of metallic corrugated shell. Said shell is composed of thin-wall corrugated solid of revolution that forms truncated ellipse in vertical plane section over crimp peaks points. It allows generating opposite direction oscillations. Disk with guide post is secured inside shell, at the center of horizontal plane. At the center of every said shell disks with guide posts are rigidly secured to make con-rods translate driven by translation pairs composed of mixing chamber bottom guide post and bottom vibrator con-rod, bottom crank gear, mixing chamber top guide post, vane drive guide post and top vibrator rod of top crank gear. Disks with cylindrical ledge is secured inside shell, at the center of horizontal plane, to be fitted and secured over spring ID, spring being arranged inside the barrel to contract/release therein. Con-rods driven by top crank gear is rigidly secured to disk inner top part center. Pusher is attached to outer parts centers, opposite ends of said pushers being rigidly secured to inner parts forming smallest crimps of corrugated shells to be excited by said pusher. Four ledges are secured in symmetry to barrels outer cylindrical surfaces. Spring-type vibration excited is arranged at the center between cases of top and bottom vibrators and composed of at least two different-diameter springs.

EFFECT: ruled out dead zones in mixing chamber, intensified mixing of components.

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Description

The invention relates to devices for mixing concrete mixture and can be used in the construction materials industry, in construction and other areas of the construction industry for the production of multicomponent mixtures.

Currently, the economic development of the Russian Federation determines the processes associated with the creation of competitive production in various industries. For example, one of the urgent aspects of the development of the construction industry is monolithic construction, an important role in which is given to the preparation of concrete mixtures at the initial stage of production. Analysis of various sources makes it possible to detect the diversity of existing industrial concrete mixing machines implemented on the basis of machining in order to obtain high-quality concrete mixtures, i.e. getting them as uniform as possible in composition. The latter, in particular, makes it possible to distinguish the method of vibrational treatment of concrete mixtures, which has been tested by time and many scientific works, both in a single case and in conjunction with conventional mechanical activation.

The prior art various devices that are implemented on this basis. For example, a rotary mixer with a mechanical vibration exciter is known (Patent RU 2297274 C1, 04.20.2007, B01F 11/00), comprising a mixing chamber, a rotor with a rotary drive, made with blades, a vibrator made in the form of disk springs with rubber shock absorbers, and rigidly fixed in the middle of the mixing chamber. The vibrator has a crank mechanism, with the help of which the Belleville springs excite particle vibrations in the horizontal direction. In the mixer, it is possible to adjust the intensity of the vibration by changing the speed of the drive of the crank mechanism.

A device for mixing concrete mixture is also known (Patent RU 2399486 C1, September 20, 2010, B28C 5/16, B01F 11/00), comprising a mixing chamber, a rotor with a rotary drive, made with blades, and a vibrator with an axis rigidly fixed in the center of the mixing chamber , with disc springs and shock absorbers seated on it with a clearance. The vibrator is made with thrust washers of a larger and smaller diameter, while cup springs, shock absorbers are placed on the axis in the following order: a cup spring, a thrust washer of a larger diameter, a rubber shock absorber, a thrust washer of a larger diameter, a cup spring, a thrust washer of a smaller diameter, a rubber shock absorber, thrust washer of smaller diameter. The crank mechanism has a deforming effect on the disk springs, washers, rubber shock absorbers by means of a cover bolted to it, thereby causing them to oscillate in the reciprocating direction, exciting the particles of the mixture to oscillate in the horizontal direction.

The disadvantages of these designs include significant energy costs for the deformation of Belleville springs, a high percentage of wear of rubber shock absorbers, as well as insufficiently effective thixotropic destruction (dilution) of the material structure due to the excitation of vibrations of a strictly horizontal direction in the concrete mix.

A group of vibration mixers is also known from the prior art (Patent RU 2201796 C1, 04/10/2003, B01F 11/00; Patent RU 2189854 C1, 09/27/2002, B01F 11/00; Patent RU 2140320 C1, 10.27.1999, B01F 11 / 00), containing a mountainous body resting on the frame through shock absorbers, a vibration exciter and material loading and unloading nozzles, which differ in the presence of various rigidly fixed spherical and hemispherical nozzles inside the center of the body base.

The main disadvantages of these structures include the difficulty of using mixers in the production of concrete mixtures, the low efficiency and intensity of the mixed materials, and the insufficient mixing of materials in the upper part of the mixer body due to the lack of aggregates and mechanisms moving the mixture components inside the case, as well as excitation directed in the vertical plane of vibrations directly through the mixer body.

The closest analogue is a rotary mixer with a mechanical vibration exciter (Patent RU 2398625 C1, 09/10/2010, B01F 11/00) containing a mixing chamber, a rotor with a rotary drive made with blades, and a vibrator made in the form of a welded bellows with folding corrugations. The vibrator is rigidly fixed in the middle of the mixing chamber and is connected to the electric motor by means of a crank mechanism.

Also the closest analogue is a rotary mixer with an electromechanical vibration exciter (Patent RU 2292943 C1, 02/10/2007, B01F 11/00) containing a mixing chamber, a rotor with a rotary drive, made with blades, a vibrator made in the form of a bellows with a disk, is rigidly fixed in the middle of the mixing chamber. The vibrator has an electromagnet, with the help of which the bellows excites particle vibrations in the horizontal direction. The mixer has the ability to adjust the intensity of the vibration by changing the frequency of the alternating current supplied to the winding of the electromagnet.

The disadvantages of these devices include inefficient vibrational study of the mixture or its complete absence in the upper corner (“deaf”) zones of the mixing chamber due to the geometry of the bellows strictly cylindrical in shape, as well as inhomogeneous amplitude values of displacements decreasing from the place of force acting to the fixation point of the bellows, in each individual section of the bellows, as a result of which the fluctuations from the place of force impact to the place of fixation of the bellows will have a damping nature, which This leads to a decrease in the efficiency of vibration effects on the concrete mixture in the lower part of the mixing chamber.

The technical result consists in the realization of the possibility of creating a vibratory action with mixed directions throughout the entire volume of the mixer chamber on the mixed components of the concrete mix, completely eliminating the presence of “dead” zones in the mixing chamber, two of the same amplitude, different in frequency and evenly distributed throughout the volume of the mixing chamber vibration fields, additional vibration effects on the mixed components with simultaneous high-quality intensification of the process Ia of these components as a whole.

The technical result is achieved in that a vibration mixer comprising a mixing chamber with loading and unloading windows of materials, respectively, a rotor with a rotation drive, made with blades. In the center of the lower and upper parts of the mixing chamber, two are rigidly fixed: the lower and upper vibrators made in the bodies, with the excitation of two vibration fields of the same amplitude and different frequency by means of the lower and upper crank mechanisms, respectively. The vibrator bodies are made in the form of identical metal corrugated shells, which are corrugated thin-walled bodies of revolution that form complex geometric shapes in the vertical plane section along the points of the corrugation vertices, consisting of a semi-ellipse and a truncated semicircle, and made with the ability to create multidirectional vibrations inside each of which in the center in the horizontal plane the disks with guide racks are rigidly fixed, the function of which is to create stable new directional translational movements of the rods from the translational pair formed by the guide rack of the lower part of the mixing chamber and the rod of the lower vibrator, the lower crank mechanism and from the translational pair formed by the guide rack of the upper part of the mixing chamber, the guide rack of the rotary blade drive and the rod of the upper vibrator, upper crank mechanism, respectively. Moreover, the disks of the lower and upper vibrators are made with cylindrical protrusions, the function of which is the ability to insert and fix along the inner diameter of the springs installed with the function of free compression / unloading in the cups, the rods are rigidly fixed to the centers of the internal parts, the pushers are rigidly to the center of the external parts fixed at the other end to the internal parts forming the smallest of corrugations, metal corrugated shells, and made with the function of exciting vibrations from the smallest of corrugations ibratorov. At the same time, four protrusions are symmetrically fixed along the outer cylindrical parts of the glasses, the function of which is the transfer of reciprocating movements to disks made with the possibility of uniform distribution of vibration fields from the smallest corrugated metal corrugated shells to the fixing points of the bodies by creating uniform amplitude values of displacements of each point external forming metal corrugated shells, at the time of compression of the springs until they stop in rubber gaskets, made x with the function of mitigating the impact with the disc protrusions. Moreover, between the bodies of the lower and upper vibrators, a spring exciter is located in the center, made in the form of a spring group consisting of at least two different diameters of springs, which are fixed by the diameters of the depressions formed on the outer surface of the metal corrugated shells by the group of the smallest of the lower and upper corrugations vibrators, and the function of which is to create additional vibration effects on the mixed components from the upper and lower bodies of the vibrators, respectively. The invention is illustrated by drawings: figure 1 presents a diagram of a vibration mixer; figure 2 is an enlarged diagram of the lower vibrator of the vibration mixer; figure 3 is an enlarged diagram of the upper vibrator of the vibration mixer; figure 4 is an enlarged installation diagram of a spring exciter mounted between the upper and lower bodies of the vibrators.

The vibration mixer comprises a mixing chamber 1 with loading and unloading windows 3 of materials 3, respectively, a rotor 4 with a rotation drive 5, made with blades 6, 7, 8. In the lower and upper parts of the mixing chamber 1 in the center are rigidly fixed two: lower 9 and upper 10 vibrators made in the housings 11, 12, with the excitation of two equal in amplitude and different in frequency vibration fields through the lower 13 and upper 14 crank mechanisms, respectively. The housings 11, 12 of the vibrators 9, 10 are made in the form of identical metal corrugated shells, which are corrugated thin-walled bodies of revolution, forming complex geometric shapes in the vertical plane section along the points of the corrugation vertices, consisting of a semi-ellipse and a truncated semicircle, and made with the ability to create multidirectional vibrations, inside each of which, in the center in the horizontal plane, disks 15, 16 with guide racks 17, 18 are rigidly fixed, the function of which is the creation of stable directed translational movements of the rods 19, 20 from the translational pair formed by the guide rack 21 of the lower part of the mixing chamber 1 and the rod 19 of the lower 9 vibrator, lower 13 of the crank mechanism, and from the translational pair formed by the guide rack 22 of the upper part of the mixing chamber 1 , a guide post 23 of the blade rotation drive 5 and a rod 20 of the top 10 of the vibrator, the top 14 of the crank mechanism, respectively. Moreover, the disks 15, 16 of the lower 9 and upper 10 of the vibrators are made with cylindrical protrusions 24, 25, the function of which is the ability to insert and fix the inner diameter of the springs 26, 27, installed with the function of free compression / decompression in the cups 28, 29, to the centers the internal parts of which the rods 19, 20 are rigidly fixed, to the center of the external parts are the pushers 30, 31, rigidly fixed at the other end to the internal parts forming the smallest of corrugations, corrugated metal shells, and made with the function of excitation of vibrations from the smaller of the corrugations of the bodies 11, 12 of the vibrators 9, 10. Moreover, on the outer cylindrical parts of the glasses 28, 29 four protrusions 32, 33 are symmetrically fixed, the function of which is the transfer of reciprocating movements to the disks 15, 16, made with the possibility of uniform distribution vibration fields from the smallest corrugations of metal corrugated shells to the attachment points of buildings II / 12 by creating uniform amplitude values of the displacements of each point of the external components of the metal corrugated shells, at The compression of the springs 26, 27 against the stop in the rubber gaskets 34, 35, made with the function of softening the collision of the protrusions 32, 33 with the disks 15, 16. Moreover, between the cases 11, 12 of the lower 9 and the top 10 of the vibrators is located in the center of the spring exciter 36, made in the form of a spring group consisting of at least two different diameters of springs, which are fixed by the diameters of the depressions formed on the outer surface of the metal corrugated shells by the group of the smallest of the corrugations of the lower 11 and upper 12 vibrator bodies 9, 10, and the function of which s is the creation of additional vibrational effects on the mixed components from the upper 12 and lower 11 of the vibrator bodies 9, 10, respectively.

The device operates as follows: first, the components of the concrete mixture, the composition of which is preliminarily selected, are loaded through the loading window 2 in layers into the mixing chamber 1 in the following sequence: sand is laid on the bottom of the mixer, then cement, after which crushed stone, lastly, is uniformly fed to the entire load the required amount of water. Then the vibrator drives 9, 10 and the rotor drive 5 of the rotor 4 with the blades 6, 7, 8 are turned on. The drive 5 rotates the rotor 4 and the blades 6, 7, 8, thereby mixing the prepared mixture. Pushers 30, 31 through the cups 28, 29 of the springs 26, 27 and rods 19, 20 by means of the lower 13 and upper 14 of the crank mechanisms make reciprocating movements, thereby exciting vibrations of part of the housings 11, 12, forming the smallest corrugated metal corrugated shell. Moreover, at the time of compression of the springs 26, 27 against the stop in the rubber gaskets 34, 35 of the disks 15, 16, the protrusions 32, 33 transmit reciprocating motion to the disks 15, 16, which thereby additionally excite vibrations of the middle part of the housings 11, 12 and create homogeneous distribution of the amplitude values of the displacements of each point of the external generators of the metal corrugated shells. Moreover, the spring exciter 36, located in the center between the bodies 11, 12 of the lower 9 and the upper 10 of the vibrators, through a group of springs creates additional vibrational effects on the mixed components from the upper 12 and lower 11 of the vibrator bodies 9, 10, respectively. After a specified time, the drive 5 of the rotor 4 and the drives of the crank mechanisms 13, 14 are turned off and the finished concrete mixture is unloaded through the window 3 of the mixer housing 1.

In general, the device provides the possibility of creating the entire volume of the mixer chamber on the mixed components of the concrete mixture of vibration exposure with multidirectional vibrations that completely exclude the presence of “dead” zones in the mixing chamber, two of the same amplitude, different in frequency and evenly distributed throughout the volume of the mixing chamber vibration fields, additional vibration effects on the mixed components with simultaneous qualitative intensification of the mixing process x components in general. This is due to the fact that, firstly, the vibrator bodies are made in the form of metal elliptical corrugated shells, which are corrugated thin-walled bodies of revolution that form complex geometric shapes in the vertical plane section along the points of the corrugation vertices, consisting of a semi-ellipse and a truncated semicircle, and made with the ability to create multidirectional vibrations, allow, on the one hand, to realize the ability to create a mixer chamber on the entire volume of the mixed Components of a concrete mixture of vibration exposure, which completely excludes the presence of “dead” zones in the mixing chamber, and on the other hand, exclude vibration effects on vibrator drives, maximally protect the bearing assemblies of the vibrator drive from the ingress of small particles of mixed materials, and also realize the possibility of complete transmission "Beneficial" vibrational impact on the processed material. Secondly, the implementation of the design of the mixer of two vibrators, between which a spring exciter is installed in the center and each of which includes: a pusher, a glass with protrusions, a spring, a rod of the crank mechanism and a disk with rubber gaskets, provides the creation of additional vibration effects on the miscible components of uniform amplitude values of the displacements of each point of the outer generatrix of the metal corrugated shells, thereby allowing a uniform distribution of vibration field in the mixing chamber, allows to implement a qualitative intensification of the process of mixing the components of the mixture during multi-frequency vibrations, which consists in simultaneously influencing the concrete mixture with vibrations of two or more frequencies and allowing, when superimposed on each other vibration curves, to increase the speed of the particles of the mixture, which in turn increases vibration efficiency. Multi-frequency vibration, based on the fact that each grain size corresponds to its own vibration frequency, can be considered as a means of influencing the largest number of grains, i.e. the intensity of multi-frequency vibrations is higher than the intensity of each of its constituent vibrations, thereby reducing the mixing cycle of concrete mixtures. And thirdly, the design of the mixer makes it possible to increase productivity, reduce energy costs for the mixing process, increase the mobility and turbulization of the mixture, due to the uniform thixotropic destruction of the material structure in the entire space of the mixing chamber, which manifests itself in a decrease in the specific resistance to movement of the blade in the concrete mixture compared to specific resistance to the movement of the blade of non-destroyed material. In this regard, the resistance to movement of the blades and the power consumption of the rotor rotation drive are reduced. At the same time, the effect of boiling of the mixture under the influence of oscillatory processes of the vibrator body, greater turbulization and more intensive circulation of the particles of the mixture is achieved, as a result of which the mixing time is reduced, the mixer productivity is increased.

Claims (1)

A vibrating mixer comprising a mixing chamber with loading and unloading windows of materials, respectively, a rotor with a rotary drive, made with blades, characterized in that in the lower and upper parts of the mixing chamber in the center two, lower and upper, vibrators are made rigidly mounted in the housings, with the excitation of two vibration fields of the same amplitude and different frequency by means of the lower and upper crank mechanisms, respectively, the vibrator bodies are made in the form of identical metal g of corrugated shells, which are corrugated thin-walled bodies of revolution, forming complex geometric shapes in the vertical plane section along the points of the corrugation vertices, consisting of a semi-ellipse and a truncated semicircle, made with the ability to create multidirectional vibrations, inside each of which are rigidly fixed to the center in the horizontal plane disks with guide racks, whose function is to create stable directed translational movements of the rods from the pair formed by the guide rack of the lower part of the mixing chamber and the rod of the lower vibrator, the lower crank mechanism, and from the translational pair formed by the guide strut of the upper part of the mixing chamber, the guide rack of the rotary blade drive and the rod of the upper vibrator, the upper crank mechanism, respectively moreover, the disks of the lower and upper vibrators are made with cylindrical protrusions, the function of which is the possibility of insertion and fixing along the inner diameter springs installed with the function of free compression / decompression in cups, the rods are rigidly fixed to the centers of the inner parts, the pushers rigidly fixed to the center of the external parts to the internal parts forming the smallest corrugated metal corrugated shells and made with the function of exciting vibrations from the smallest of the corrugations of the cases of the vibrators, while on the outer cylindrical parts of the glasses four protrusions are symmetrically fixed, the function of which is the transmission of reciprocating deformations on disks made with the possibility of uniform distribution of vibration fields from the smallest corrugations of metal corrugated shells to the attachment points of the bodies by creating uniform amplitude values of displacements of each point of the outer generatrix of the metal corrugated shells at the moment of compression of the springs against the stop in rubber gaskets made with the function of softening the impact protrusions with disks, and between the cases of the lower and upper vibrators in the center is a spring exciter, made in the form of a spring group, consisting of at least two different diameters of springs, which are fixed by the diameters of the depressions formed on the outer surface of the metal corrugated shells by the group of the smallest of the corrugations of the lower and upper vibrators, and whose function is to create additional vibration effects on the mixed components from the upper and lower bodies of the vibrators, respectively.

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