RU2490460C1 - Method for underground mining of complex-structure deposits with uneven mineralisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: mined area is broken into stopes, blasting of each stope is carried out into three stages. At the first stage the entire volume of the stope is drilled with wells providing for coarse crushing of a massif, then contours of ore sections are determined by trying these wells. At the second stage within the borders of the detected ore sections they drill wells providing for fine crushing of an ore massif. At the third stage they charge all wells of coarse crushing, as well as wells of fine crushing, arranged within contours of ore sections, and bulk breaking of rock mass released from the stope is performed, and the rock mass is divided into larger rock part and finer ore part.

EFFECT: improved quantitative and qualitative parameters of mining of complex-structure deposits with uneven distribution of mineralisation.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mining and, in particular, to the underground mining of ore deposits.

There is a method of underground mining of complex structural ore deposits with an uneven distribution of mineralization, which consists in a separate alternate excavation of ore and barren sections [1]. The disadvantage of this method is the high complexity of the preparatory cutting operations and the dominant use of inefficient borehole ore breaking at a low level of mechanization of work.

The closest to the technical nature and the achieved result is the technology for the development of complex structural deposits, represented by low-power veins of various falls [2]. The disadvantage of this method is the use of the energy of the blast zone of the explosion for the separation of ore and rock, which, on the one hand, is relatively small compared to the line of least resistance, and on the other hand, is characterized by a very high energy flux density and therefore a large yield of very small fractions, which may be lost in subsequent technological processes. In any case, boreholes or boreholes located when drilling blocks along the contours of ore bodies completely destroy the contour barren massif by at least the radius of the blasting zone, which leads to additional dilution and a decrease in the quality of the broken ore mass. In addition, during the breaking of strong rocks, for example, quartz veins, the diameter of the blasting zone of the charge decreases and becomes comparable with the critical value of detonation transmission in rocks, which can lead to spontaneous undermining of neighboring charges and create an additional danger during mining operations.

The aim of the invention is to increase the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the development of complex structural deposits with an uneven distribution of mineralization.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the worked out area is divided into treatment blocks, the explosive breaking of each treatment block is carried out in three stages: at the first stage, the entire volume of the block is drilled with wells, providing large crushing of the array with a specific drilling rate, determined by the formula

$$\Delta l_P=\frac{7.64\Delta q_P}{D_P\Delta q_{\mathrm{AT}\mathrm{AT}}{\rho }_{\mathrm{AT}\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="AT\; d\; c"\; filenames="00000006.png,00000007.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">AT\; </figure-callout>}}{d}_c^{}{}_2^{}{\mathrm{TO}}_s},m/{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="m"\; filenames="00000006.png,00000007.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^3$$

where Δl _P is the specific drilling rate for breaking the rock part, m / m ³ ; D _P - the average diameter of the pieces of rock with large crushing, m; Δq _BB - specific energy of the explosive used, kJ / kg; Δq _P is the value of the specific energy of formation of a unit of the newly formed surface for waste rock, kJ / m ² ; ρ _BB is the density of the charged explosive, kg / m ³ ; d _c - blast hole diameter, m; To _s - the coefficient of loading wells, units .; then by testing these wells, one of the known methods, determine the contours of the ore sections; at the second stage, within the boundaries of the identified ore sections, wells are drilled that provide fine crushing of the ore mass using a grid such that, taking into account the wells drilled at the first stage, the total specific drilling rate for the ore sections is:

$$\Delta l_P=\frac{7.64\Delta q_p}{d_p\Delta q_{\mathrm{AT}\mathrm{AT}}{\rho }_{\mathrm{AT}\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="AT\; d\; c"\; filenames="00000006.png,00000007.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">AT\; </figure-callout>}}{d}_c^{}{}_2^{}{\mathrm{TO}}_s},m/{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="m"\; filenames="00000006.png,00000007.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^3$$

where Δl _P is the specific drilling rate for breaking the ore part of the block, m / m ³ ; d _p << D _P - the average diameter of the pieces of ore mass with fine crushing of the ore part of the block, m; Δq _p is the specific energy of formation of a unit of the newly formed surface for ore, kJ / m ² ; at the third stage, all coarse crushing wells are charged, as well as small crushing wells located in the contours of the ore sections, and the rock mass is blasted in the block, which is extracted from the block and then divided into a larger rock part and a smaller ore part by one of the known ways (for example, on a vibrating screen).

The invention is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows the drilling of a treatment block with coarse crushing wells. Figure 2 shows the drilling of ore sections with fine crushing wells. Figure 3 shows the blasting block.

SUBSTANCE: method for underground mining of complex structural ore deposits with uneven mineralization comprises upper 1 and lower 2 floor drillings, vertical contouring workings 3, treatment block 4, coarse crushing wells 5, contours 6 of ore 7 and rock sections 8, fine crushing wells 9, broken rock mass 10.

The method is as follows. After driving the upper 1, lower 2-storey drilling and vertical contouring 3 workings, the treatment block is drilled with 4 coarser 5 wells located on a grid calculated by the formula:

$$\Delta l_P=\frac{7.64\Delta q_P}{D_P\Delta q_{\mathrm{AT}\mathrm{AT}}{\rho }_{\mathrm{AT}\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="AT\; d\; c"\; filenames="00000006.png,00000007.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">AT\; </figure-callout>}}{d}_c^{}{}_2^{}{\mathrm{TO}}_s},m/{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="m"\; filenames="00000006.png,00000007.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^3$$

where Δl _P is the specific drilling rate for breaking the rock part, m / m ³ ; D _P - the average diameter of the pieces of rock with large crushing, m; Δq _BB - specific energy of the explosive used, kJ / kg; Δq _P is the value of the specific energy of formation of a unit of the newly formed surface for waste rock, kJ / m ² ; ρ _BB is the density of the charged explosive, kg / m ³ ; d _c - blast hole diameter, m; To _s - the coefficient of loading wells, units .; then by testing these wells, one of the known methods (for example, X-ray radiometric), determine the contours 6 of ore 7 and rock sections 8 (figure 1). In the second stage, the ore sections 7 are drilled with fine crushing wells 9 on such a grid that, taking into account the specific drilled holes drilled in the first stages of the ore sections of coarse crushing 5, the total specific drilling rate is (Fig. 2):

$$\Delta l_P=\frac{7.64\Delta q_p}{d_p\Delta q_{\mathrm{AT}\mathrm{AT}}{\rho }_{\mathrm{AT}\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="AT\; d\; c"\; filenames="00000006.png,00000007.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">AT\; </figure-callout>}}{d}_c^{}{}_2^{}{\mathrm{TO}}_s},m/{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="m"\; filenames="00000006.png,00000007.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^3$$

where Δl _P is the specific drilling rate for breaking the ore part of the block, m / m ³ ; d _p - the average diameter of the pieces of ore mass with fine crushing of the ore part of the block, m; Δq _p is the value of the specific energy of formation of a unit of the newly formed surface for ore, kJ / m ² . At the third stage, all coarse crushing wells 5 are charged, as well as coarse crushing wells 9, located in the contours 6 of ore sections 7, and produce a rock breakdown of the rock mass 10 (FIG. 3), which is discharged from block 4 and then divided into a larger rock part and a smaller ore part by one of the known methods (for example, on a vibrating screen).

Information sources

1. Popov G.N., Lobanov D.P. Development of radioactive ore deposits. M .: Atomizdat, 1970.328 s. (p. 216 fig. 108).

2. Viktorov S.D., Galchenko Yu.P., Sabyanin G.V. The method of underground mining of low-power ore bodies. RF patent No. 2393351. Application No. 2009111526/03. Priority 03/31/2009. Publ. 06/27/2010. Bull. Number 18.

Claims (1)

The method of underground mining of complex structural ore deposits with uneven mineralization, including preparatory and threaded work, development of treatment blocks with gross breakdown of ores and rocks by wells, delivery and release of rock mass with its subsequent separation into ore and rock parts, characterized in that the explosive breakdown each treatment block is conducted in three stages: at the first stage, the entire volume of the block is drilled with wells that provide large crushing of the array with a specific drilling rate, determined by the formulas e
$$\Delta l_P=\frac{7,6\mathrm{four}\Delta q_P}{D_P\Delta q_{\mathrm{AT}\mathrm{AT}}{\rho }_{\mathrm{AT}\mathrm{AT}}{d}_c^2{\mathrm{TO}}_s},m/m^3,$$

where Δl _P is the specific drilling rate for breaking the rock part, m / m ³ ;
D _P - the average diameter of the pieces of rock with large crushing, m;
Δq _BB - specific energy of the explosive used, kJ / kg;
Δq _P is the value of the specific energy of formation of a unit of the newly formed surface for waste rock, kJ / m ² ;
ρ _BB is the density of the charged explosive, kg / m ³ ; d _c - blast hole diameter, m;
To _s - the coefficient of loading wells, units .;
then by testing these wells one of the known methods determine the contours of the ore sections; at the second stage, within the boundaries of the identified ore sections, wells are drilled that provide fine crushing of the massif along such a grid, so that, taking into account the wells drilled at the first stage, the total specific drilling rate for the ore sections is:
$$\Delta l_P=\frac{7,6\mathrm{four}\Delta q_p}{d_p\Delta q_{\mathrm{AT}\mathrm{AT}}{\rho }_{\mathrm{AT}\mathrm{AT}}{d}_c^2{\mathrm{TO}}_s},m/m^3,$$

where Δl _P is the specific drilling rate for breaking the ore part of the block, m / m ³ ;
d _P << D _P - the average diameter of the pieces of ore mass with fine crushing of the ore part of the block, m;
Δq _p is the specific energy of formation of a unit of the newly formed surface for ore, kJ / m ² ;
at the third stage, all coarse crushing wells are charged, as well as small crushing wells located in the contours of the ore sections, and the rock mass is blasted in the block.

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