RU2475011C2 - Device for plant pollination - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device for plant pollination comprises a shaking device, flexible hoses, a pump connected to the suction element and one of the spraying elements. The latter are mounted on the left and right sides of the frame. The pump is made in the form of a fan connected through the suction tube and the flexible hose to the intake chamber, and the other spraying element. The intake chamber is mounted centrally on the frame with the possibility of oscillations. The spraying elements are made in the form of chambers mounted on the frame with the possibility of oscillations and connected to the fan via two diametrically oppositely located outlet tubes-diffusers, knee-shaped air ducts and flexible hoses. And the spraying chambers have side plates attached with the ability to rotate on the axes. The peripheral part of all the chambers comprises thermo-sections connected by a hose to the exhaust manifold of the tractor engine. The side plates of the intake chambers are connected by the flexible hose to the tractor compressor and are equipped with nozzles directed inward and upward at an angle of less than 90° to the vertical. The spraying chambers also comprise a horizontal partition to form a section of pollen distribution. The partition is equipped with holes located at the same distance from each other with increasing of their diameter towards the side opposite from the entrance of the air duct and hollow tapered dividers with the inlets at the upper part and the outlets at the lower part with the direction of air flow from bottom to top and sideways.

EFFECT: invention has enhanced functionality and technological capabilities and enables to improve efficiency of plant pollination and yield.

3 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used in seed production of beets when growing hybrids to transfer pollen from rows of male inflorescences to rows of plants of the mother form.

Hybrids are currently used in sugar beet seed production. A feature of their growing is that the components of the maternal and paternal lines are planted strip in the ratio of 4: 1 or 3: 1. Since modern landing machines are four-row, the row ratio is 16: 4 or 12: 4.

A well-known aggregate-pollinator OSHU-50A for applying an active medium - pollen by side blowing using a fan (Danube N.F., Ryabtsev G.A., Slobodiuk P.I. Mechanization of plant protection. - M .: Kolos, 1979. - C .106). However, the use of the air flow of this unit by the principle of lateral blasting does not ensure uniform distribution of pollen on the inflorescences of neighboring rows.

A device for pollinating plants is known (AS USSR No. 954063, A01H 1/02, 1982. Bull. No. 32), processing flowers mechanically and thermally using a fan, elastic rollers driven by a power take-off shaft (In OM) tractor. The disadvantage of this device is the inability to transfer pollen to adjacent rows of plants.

A device for artificial pollination of plants (A.S. USSR No. 1429997, A01H 1/02, 1988. Bull. No. 38), containing a frame with a fan mounted on it, a mechanical device for opening inflorescence boxes in the form of an eccentric reel with elastic straps, a drive working bodies from the tractor PTO. The disadvantage of this device is the inability to transfer pollen from the rows of male inflorescences and its uniform distribution in rows of the mother form.

As a prototype, a machine for artificial pollination of plants was adopted (AS USSR No. 1022685, A01H 1/02, 1983. Bull. No. 22). Common signs of the claimed device and prototype is the presence of suction and spray pipes located on the left and right parts of the frame, connected by flexible hoses to pumps operating from the tractor engine. The prototype device, with flexible fleecy elements suspended on the left side of the frame, shakes off pollen from inflorescences, which is sprayed and sucked together with air into the openings of the suction pipe, passes through a flexible hose through the pump and sent through a flexible hose to the spray pipe to the right side of the unit frame . Similarly, pollen shaken off by flexible elements under the right side of the frame moves to the left side using a second pump.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the impossibility of penetration of flexible fleecy elements into the lower part of plants, for example, sugar beet seeds, and the difficulty of collecting pollen by a pump through pipes with holes at a considerable height (~ 1.5 m). In addition, even partially collected pollen from the upper parts of the testes settles and sticks to the inner surface of the suction and discharge pipes, and the presence of two pumps, two clutches, and two gearboxes complicates the design and increases the energy consumption. The main disadvantage of this prototype, which performs cross-pollination of plants (from right to left and from left to right), is the impossibility of its use with additional pollination of the seeds of sugar beet hybrids, whose components (pollinator and mother form) are arranged in alternating strips, for example, four rows of pollinator and eight rows left and to the right of them are inflorescences of plants of the maternal form.

The purpose of the invention is the expansion of the functional and technological capabilities of the device by improving the design, providing increased efficiency of pollination and crop yields.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the central part of the frame there is a fan with one suction pipe connected by a flexible sleeve with a hemispherical intake chamber placed on the frame with the possibility of oscillations and moving above the rows of testicles of the pollinator, and spray chambers connected to the left and right parts of the frame by means of outlet nozzles-diffusers, knee-shaped ducts and flexible hoses with a fan and moving above the rows of testes of the mother form, and the cameras are articulated with leashes are united together.

In order to increase the efficiency of pollen collection from male inflorescences, transfer and its more complete penetration into the rows of maternal testes in front of the fan intake chamber, a mechanism for shaking all processed rows of plants driven by the tractor PTO shaft is placed.

To prevent pollen from settling and sticking to the inner surface of the intake, spray chambers and air ducts, it is covered with elastic material and for this purpose all chambers and air ducts are provided with peripheral cavities in the form of thermo sections connected by gas pipelines containing flexible hoses with an exhaust manifold of an internal combustion engine (ICE) ), at the outlet of which a damper is installed in order to maintain certain temperatures in thermo sections and humidity in the chambers.

New design solutions for the implementation of a device for pollination of plants allow us to solve the set technological and technical problem - to improve the design, expand the following functional and technological capabilities of the unit:

- tightness of the intake and distribution chambers due to the fixed position of the sidewalls, intensive shaking of the rows of testes, for example, a crank mechanism and an additional air supply from the compressor to the nozzles of the sides of the intake chamber provide more complete collection, transfer of pollen from the rows of male inflorescences and its penetration into the inflorescences rows of maternal form;

- uniform distribution and application of pollen in rows of testes of the mother form through partitions with holes;

- enhancing the effect of pollen shaking off the sidewalls in the intake chamber and its penetration into the testes in the spray chambers;

- the creation of a microclimate (humidity and temperature) in the chambers, ducts and thermal sections, which ensures the free movement of pollen particles without their deposition and adhesion to the inner surface of the working bodies, which is an elastic film that minimizes the coefficient of friction of particles during their movement.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict in figure 1 is a top view of a device for pollination of plants with a kinematic diagram of the drive of the working bodies; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1; figure 3 is a section bB in figure 2; figure 4 - configuration of the sidewalls of the cameras (top view); figure 5 is a General view of the sidewalls of the intake chamber; figure 6 is a cross section of the cavity of the sidewalls of the intake chamber with the movement of air through the nozzle; 7 is a section of the distribution of air-pollen flow; on Fig is a diagram of the movement of pollen pollinator through the inlet and outlet openings of the dividers.

The list of symbols in the drawings:

1 - fan

2 - intake chamber

3 - suction pipe,

4, 7 - flexible sleeves,

5 - output nozzles-diffusers,

6 - knee-shaped ducts,

8 - spray chambers,

9 - thermo-sections,

10 - gas pipelines,

11 - aprons

12 - sidewalls of the intake chamber,

13 - sidewalls of the spray chambers,

14 - spring mechanism

15 - nozzle hollow sidewall,

16 - air ducts,

17 - compressor

18 - pollen distribution sections,

19 - partitions with holes,

20 - hollow dividers,

21 - leashes,

22 - drove

23 - connecting rod

24 - crank

25 - double-strand driven pulley,

26 - cardan connections,

27 - temperature sensors,

28 - thermal relay,

29 - humidity sensors,

30 - openings for exhaust gases.

(фиг.6), где А - межцентровое расстояние по горизонтали; R и r - радиусы дуг (фиг.2, 4); боковины 12 и 13, выполненные с возможностью поворота на осях (фиг.2, 4, 5), соединены с корпусами камер 2 и 8 и прижимаются к ним посредством пружинных механизмов 14, причем боковины 12 заборной камеры 2 выполнены полыми и снабжены направленными вовнутрь и вверх под углом менее 90° к вертикали соплами 15 (фиг.5, 6) и соединены посредством содержащего гибкий шланг воздухопровода 16 с компрессором 17 (фиг.1, 5, 6).The device (FIGS. 1, 2) comprises a fan 1 driven by a tractor PTO (not shown), connected to a centrally mounted intake chamber 2 by means of a suction pipe 3 and a flexible sleeve 4, and two output diffusers 5 through horizontally and diametrically oppositely positioned with horizontal vibrations of the knee-shaped ducts 6 and flexible hoses 7 - with spray chambers 8. Chambers 2 and 8 are made hemispherical (figure 3) and contain around the periphery of the thermo-section 9, parallel connected gas pipeline means 10 with the outlet of the collector of the internal combustion engine (ICE) of the tractor (Fig. 1); in addition, the cameras 2 and 8 are equipped with aprons 11 and sidewalls 12 and 13 in the form of two oppositely conjugate arcs with the angle of the points of conjugation vertically, expressed by a trigonometric function:

(Fig.6), where A is the horizontal center distance; R and r are the radii of the arcs (figure 2, 4); the sidewalls 12 and 13, made with the possibility of rotation on the axes (FIGS. 2, 4, 5), are connected to the bodies of the chambers 2 and 8 and are pressed to them by means of spring mechanisms 14, the sidewalls 12 of the intake chamber 2 being hollow and provided with inward and upward at an angle less than 90 ° to the vertical nozzles 15 (Fig.5, 6) and are connected by means of a flexible hose to the air duct 16 with the compressor 17 (Fig.1, 5, 6).

The spray chambers 8, in addition to thermo-sections 9, contain sections for uniform distribution of pollen 18 along the aggregate width, limited by horizontal partitions with openings 19 with an increase in their diameters opposite to the inlet of the air duct 16, taking into account the continuity of the air flow through ie (each following) hole, defined the equation:

Sv ₀ / n = s _i v (x),

where S = πD ^2/8 - sectional area of the hemispherical chamber;

v ₀ is the initial air velocity in the chamber at time t = 0 at a point with coordinate x = 0;

n is the number of holes;

s _i = πd ^2/4 - i-sectional area of the hole diameter d;

v (x) is the function of air velocity in the chamber along the coordinate v.

Partitions 19 with openings 19a also contain vertical wedge-shaped hollow dividers 20 (FIG. 7) extending downward with an upper inlet opening directed downward and with openings in the lower part of the wedge directed upward and to the side (FIG. 8).

The intake chamber 2 on both sides is pivotally connected to the spray chambers 8 of the leads 21, pivotally connected to the carriers 22 of a shaking device, for example a double-acting crank mechanism (Fig. 1), containing a connecting rod 23, a crank 24, a driven double-strand pulley 25 connected to drive pulley driven by the tractor PTO shaft by means of V-belt drive and cardan joints 26. Thermal sections 9 contain temperature sensors 27 connected to thermal relay 28 installed at the outlet of the collector. In addition, chambers 2 and 8 are sn bzheny humidity sensors 29 (Figure 1) connected to the tractor set in a cabin psychrometers (not shown) and the chambers 2 termosektsii 9 and 8 contain apertures for exhaust gases 30 (Figures 2, 3).

The unit operates as follows. Having turned on fan 1 and a shaking device, for example, a crank mechanism, the tractor driver sets the machine in motion. Due to the rarefaction created by the fan 1 in the intake chamber 2, and the oscillatory movements of the chamber 2, the pollen shaken from the plants is entrained by the air flow into the suction pipe 3 and then goes through the knee-shaped air ducts 6 to the pollen distribution section 18 of the spray chambers 8 (Figs. 3, 7) and through the holes of the perforated septum with holes 19 and hollow dividers 20 evenly settles on 21 shrubs of the testes of the mother form, shaken by leashes 21.

At a certain position installed in front of the tractor engine manifold, the shutters in the thermo sections 9 set the required temperature and humidity in chambers 2, 8 and air ducts 6, fixed by a thermometer and a psychrometer in the tractor driver’s cabin, facilitating the movement of pollen particles without sticking to the walls of the chambers 2, 8, sleeves 4, 7 and air ducts 6, covered from the inside with elastic material.

Depending on the plant standing density, their shape and parameters, atmospheric humidity and temperature, and other factors, the frequency and amplitude of the oscillations of the chambers 2, 8 can be controlled by rearranging the driven double-strand pulley 25 and changing the radius of the crank 24.

The air coming from the compressor 17 through the air ducts 16 into the cavity of the sidewalls of the intake chamber 12, leaving the nozzles 15 (FIGS. 5, 6), contributes to an additional, more complete removal of pollinator pollen from plants, directing it to the suction pipe 3 of fan 1. Sidewall configuration 12 and 13 chambers 2 and 8 with an oval in the front part and two oppositely conjugated arcs relative to the movement of the unit allows you to completely cover the bushes of plants, pressing them with the spring mechanism 14 to the inner cavity of chambers 2 and 8, also contributing to a more effective the proper collection of pollinator pollen and its distribution in the maternal testes.

Thus, the proposed device allows to expand both the functional and technological capabilities of agricultural machines equipped with fans, and to increase the efficiency of cultivating sugar beet seeds by more fully collecting pollinator pollen and its even distribution in rows of maternal testes with an increase in their productivity.

Claims (3)

1. A device for pollination of plants, including flexible hoses, a pump connected to a suction element and one of the spray elements mounted on the left and right parts of the frame, and a shaking device, characterized in that the pump is made in the form of a fan connected by means of a suction pipe and a flexible sleeve with an intake chamber mounted in the center of the frame with the possibility of oscillations, and with another spray element, and the spray elements are made in the form of chambers mounted on the frame with the possibility of oscillations and connected to the fan by means of two diametrically opposite opposed outlet nozzles-diffusers, knee-shaped ducts and flexible hoses, while the spray chambers are mounted rotatably on the axles of the sidewalls, and the peripheral part of all chambers contains thermo-sections connected by a hose to the exhaust manifold of the tractor engine moreover, the sides of the intake chambers are connected by a flexible sleeve to the tractor compressor and are provided with an inward and upward facing angle of less than 90 ° to the vertical Olamas, in addition, the spray chambers contain a horizontal partition with the formation of a pollen distribution section, equipped with openings located at the same distance from each other with an increase in their diameter in the direction opposite to the duct entrance and hollow wedge-shaped dividers with inlet openings in the upper part and outlet openings in the lower parts with the direction of air flow from the bottom up and to the sides. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the intake chamber on the sides is connected to the spray chambers by means of leads of the shaking mechanism. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the inner surface of the intake, spray chambers and ducts is covered with an elastic material.

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