RU2467811C2 - Machine for sorting potatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention is used in agricultural industry, namely for sorting things of round shape. The machine for sorting potatoes comprises a frame, a sorting grid in the form of a conveyor belt, and a mechanical unit. The machine is equipped with a double T-beam placed inside in the middle of the frame, and across it with a double T-beam segments with a length of L-2500 mm fixed to its upper part along the frame to keep the mechanical loads; and an electric vibrator with power of 0.5 kW fixed to its lower part in the middle, which forms with segments of the double T-beam the mechanical unit that actuates the vibration drive of the grid. The conveyor belt is mounted 150 mm below the upper edge of the frame at an angle 5-7° to the horizontal axis and is made rubberised with the other components of the machine for smaller damage of potatoes. The sorting grid is made with the ability to replace it to change the size of the openings.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of sorting potatoes and increased productivity of the machine and reduction of damage of potatoes.

3 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention is proposed for use in agricultural production, namely for sorting round objects.

A known machine for sorting potatoes by density in a liquid medium, including an elevator wheel for unloading a heavy fraction and a screw for unloading a light fraction (application: 5020997/03, 11/19/1991; published: 09/30/1994; Authors: Popov VF, Tektonidi I.P., Kuklin G.S., Stukanov A.P.).

This machine has a rather complicated technical design, low mobility, high weight, relatively high power consumption. energy P _n = 7.0 kW, and also when processing potatoes in a liquid medium, potatoes lose their storage quality.

A device for sorting round-shaped objects, containing a feed hopper, two conveyors, a device for the removal and supply of sorted objects (application 94039521/03, 10/20/1994; published on 07/27/1997. Authors: Gordeev OV, Nikitin EV )

This device is inefficient and does not produce high-quality separation of fractions due to the need for constant adjustment of the tilt angles of the longitudinal and transverse axes of the upper conveyor.

The closest analogue to the proposed device is a machine for sorting potatoes, including a frame, sorting grid made in the form of a conveyor belt with sorting holes (Kolchin N.N. et al., “Machine for sorting and post-harvest processing of potatoes.” - M .: Engineering, 1966, p.145-147).

The disadvantages of this machine include the low efficiency of sorting potatoes and low productivity of the installation.

The objective of the invention is to make a design that allows in the process of minimally injuring potato tubers, to ensure lower energy consumption compared to previous analogues, to increase labor productivity, to ensure ease of manufacture and operation.

The potato sorting machine differs from its previous counterparts in that it allows fairly accurate separation of potatoes into fractions, has a low weight of ≈0.2 tons, relatively small mechanical damage due to contact with a rubberized surface, and low electrical consumption. energy Р _at 0.5: 1 kW, the ability to control the oscillation frequency of the vibrator, low height Nmah .≈1600 mm (this allows, if necessary, manual loading with shovels and pitchforks - barmaks), does not require a separate unit of staff, is simple to manufacture and further technical operation. Since the vibrator operates at a voltage of 36 volts, it eliminates the likelihood of electric shock. current of personnel working with this machine; low cost as of 01.10.2009, about 50,000 rubles. Extremely mobile - due to its weight and wheels it easily moves around any production room, the estimated productivity of 7 tons / hour.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 - frame with outlet trays.

Figure 2 - vibrator "ski"

Figure 3 - sorting grid.

A round-shaped sorting machine comprises a frame (1) made of a metal corner 63 × 63 and partially sheathed with sheet metal s = 1 mm (2) by welding. A sorting grid (3) is made on the upper edges of the corner, made of a sorting conveyor rubberized tape with a thickness of s = 10: 20 mm, in which holes for a certain fraction are cut (in our case, the width of the sorting hole is 50 mm, this allows you to separate a large fraction> 50 mm from the rest). We present a table of sizes of the main 3 fractions of potatoes, as well as the desired sizes of the openings (honeycombs) of the fractions:

Fraction number Fraction size Fraction weight Mesh size for fraction separation one 50 mm and above 80:90 gr. 50 mm 2 40:50 mm 70:80 gr. 40 mm 3 20:35 mm 30:50 gr. 20 mm

Sorting net (3) is laid below the upper edge of the frame around the perimeter by 150 mm, which excludes the release of potatoes from the sorting zone. Sheets of a conveyor rubberized tape (not reflected) are fixed on the inner walls of sheet metal (2), which is fixed with oval bolts, which reduces the injury rate of potatoes.

The longitudinal axis of the sorting net (3) is located at an angle of 5: 7 ° relative to the horizontal axis, which allows the potatoes to slide into the outlet tray (4), the outlet tray (4) has an edge (5) with a height of 100 mm. Length L = 1000 mm, width d = 200 mm, tray installation angle 30 °.

The machine is made with the possibility of changing the calibration size by replacing the sorting grid according to the sizes presented in the table (50 mm, 40 mm, 20 mm).

Inside the frame, a 2-tee beam (6) 60:80 mm wide is located in the middle across, on the ends of which (on both sides) are pieces of 50 × 50 angle steel that lie with their plane on the pieces of rubberized conveyor belt (8) along the entire length segment. And these segments (8), in turn, are bolted to the stiffeners (9) of the carcass (1) around the entire perimeter of the carcass (1) by welding and constitute one of the elements of the carcass (1). At a distance of 2: 3 mm from the end of the segments (7), restrictive kerchiefs (10) made of sheet metal 8 2: 3 mm and a size of 50 × 50 mm are welded, which do not allow the actuator (see figure 2) to slide down the stiffener (9).

Above 30 mm of segments (7) to the beam (6), “skis” are fixed, by means of welds and segments of an I-beam (11) 8:10 mm, “skis” (11) are segments of an I-beam, length L = 2500 mm and installed "rib" to hold large mechanical (dynamic) loads. In the middle of the beam (5) in its lower part by means of bolted and welded joints of sheet iron δ 3: 4 mm, an electric vibrator (12) with a power of 0.5: 1.0 kW is fixed with an upward working force. Inside the frame, there are also discharge trays (13), on the inside of which also segments of a rubberized conveyor belt with a thickness of δ = 5: 10 mm are superimposed. From the trays (13), by means of a conveyor (14), the potatoes are transferred to the next machine for sorting the potatoes into smaller fractions.

For greater mobility, the frame is mounted on wheels.

Potatoes, coming from the loading conveyor (or manually) to the sorting net (3), are exposed to vibration due to the operation of the “ski” vibrator (12) (11), which are integral with it (the longitudinal axis is located at an angle of 5 ° -7 ° relative to the horizontal axis plus mesh vibration). A large fraction of 50 mm or more along the upper plane of the net (3) and the tray (4) is taken to the packaging, the smaller fraction through the "honeycombs" of the sorting net (3), the outlet trays (4) fall on the conveyor lines and then on the same machines, but with a finer sorting grid (3).

Claims (1)

A machine for sorting potatoes, including a frame, sorting grid, a mechanical unit, characterized in that the machine is equipped with an I-beam located inside the middle of the frame and across with sections of the I-beam length L-2500 mm fixed on its upper part along the frame to hold mechanical loads , and mounted on its lower part in the middle, an electric vibrator with a power of 0.5 kW, forming a mechanical unit with a piece of an I-beam, driving a mesh vibration, a transport tape set below the upper edge of the frame by 150 mm at an angle of 5-7 ° to the horizontal axis and made together with the other parts of the rubberized machine for less damage to the potatoes, the sorting grid is made with the possibility of replacement for changing the size of the holes.

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