RU2466846C2 - Tool for surface treatment by smoothing and method of its application - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: tool contains housing and working part with insertion fastened in it. There is a cut on tool working part and in its housing. Height of slot in tool housing is more than height of projection on workpiece. Slot plane passing through insertion of working part is spaced at a distance from insertion axis less than the distance determined by proportion: C=1-0.5sin(R+0,3), where R is radius of insertion working part.

EFFECT: providing minimum distance between treated surface of part and its projection.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the processing of metals by surface plastic deformation (PPD) and is intended for finishing processing by smoothing the outer surfaces of revolution located near the ledge.

Known tools for smoothing processing, comprising a body and an insert of a working part fixed therein, made of natural or synthetic diamonds or other superhard materials, with a working surface in the form of a part of a sphere, cylinder or torus (Diamond Tool. Catalog. Edition. VNIIALMAZ. M., 1985; p. 87-88).

When treating surfaces starting or ending near a ledge with a known tool, it is necessary to place the contact point of the working part of the tool and the surface to be treated at a distance from the ledge, determined by the size of the tool body and some safety clearance. Therefore, it is impossible to treat the entire surface with the maximum approximation of the treatment zone to the ledge.

Also known are ironing tools suitable for surface treatment near a ledge, on the spherical working surface and shank of which a platform (slice) is made, the projection of which in a line makes an angle of less than 90 ° with the generatrix of the conical part of the shank. (A.S. No. 766844, IPC V24V 39/04, publ. 30.09.80, A.S. No. 87 $ 537, V24V 39/04, publ. 07.11.81)

A drawback of tools of this design is that the angle at which the cut plane is relative to the generatrix of the conical part of the shank cannot be made sufficiently small, for example, to position the cut plane parallel to the axis of the cylindrical body or so that the cut plane intersects this axis. In this case, nothing will remain of the cylinder, and the body will not be possible to fix in the cylindrical socket of the device. If the angle at which the cut plane is located is small, then during processing the tool axis will have to be rotated, so that the working force will be directed towards the cut. A slice loosens the fixing of the insert, and a force directed to the side where the insert is poorly held can damage it. The recommended distance from the tool axis to the cutting plane, equal to 0.6 ... 1.0 mm, is not justified by anything. The use of the tool in accordance with the mentioned copyright certificates is supposed to be on universal machines, where before the start of processing each part, the installation of the tool relative to the end of the product is performed manually by the operator.

The technical problem to which the invention is directed is to provide a minimum distance of the treated surface from the ledge.

The stated technical problem is solved in that in the tool for processing smoothing surfaces located near the ledge of the workpiece, consisting of a body and a fixed working part with an insert, according to the invention, a cut is made on the working part of the tool and its body, and the cut-out plane passing through the insert of the working part, is located at a distance from the insert axis not less than the distance, which is determined from the ratio:

C = 1-0.5sin (R + 0.3),

where R is the radius of the working part of the insert, and the cut-out height of the tool body is made larger than the height of the step on the workpiece.

The stated technical problem is also solved by the fact that in the method of processing by smoothing surfaces located near the ledge of the workpiece, including the rotation of the workpiece with a ledge and machining with a smoothing tool moving along its axis, according to the invention, smoothing the surfaces of the workpiece located near the ledge, perform a smoothing tool, in the body and working part of which a cut is made with a cut-out plane passing through the sun tavk of the working part, at a distance from the insert axis not less than the distance, which is determined from the ratio:

C = 1-0.5sin (R + 0.3),

where R is the radius of the working part of the insert, and the cut-out height of the tool body is greater than the height of the step on the workpiece, the smoothing tool is oriented with a cut to the step parallel to its end. In addition, during processing, the smoothing tool is set with a notch at a distance of 0.1 mm to 1 mm from the ledge.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a standard tool for processing by smoothing and the location of the processing zone relative to the end ledge of the product; figure 2 - the proposed tool with a cut working part and the housing and its position relative to the ledge.

figure 1 and 2 shows the following positions:

1 - tool body,

2 - insertion of the working part,

3 - workpiece;

a is the distance from the processing zone to the ledge of the processed product,

с - distance from the insert axis to the cut plane

b - safety clearance,

d is the diameter of the tool body,

Figure 1 shows that when processing with a standard tool, the distance of the beginning (or end - depending on the direction of supply) of the processing zone from the ledge is a = 0.5d + b. Therefore, with a standard case diameter of 10 mm and a gap between the case and a ledge of the order of 0.1 ... 1 mm, the distance from the beginning of the treatment zone to the ledge will be 5.1 ... 6 mm.

The proposed tool (figure 2) is made as follows. At a distance "C" from the axis of the working part of the tool, a cutout of height "h" is made on the working part and tool body.

Size "C" is adopted no less than the semi-axis of the elliptical contact spot of the working part of the tool and the workpiece, located along the feed direction. Studies have established that when using a tool with a radius of the working surface in the range R = 1.5 ... 4.0, the size "C" should not be less than the distance, which is determined from the ratio:

C = 1-0.5sin (R + 0.3)

Cut height "h" is greater than the height of the ledge. As a result, the tool can be located much closer to the ledge. For example, with a value of C = 1.0 mm and a gap of b = 0.1 ... 1.0 mm, the distance from the beginning of the treatment zone to the step will be a = c + b = 1.1 ... 2 mm.

The method of processing with such a tool is that in the initial position, the tool is oriented with a cut to the ledge by the cutting plane parallel to the end face of the ledge, and the dimensional adjustment of the machine is performed so that the cut plane of the smoothing tool is located at a distance from the ledge greater than the sum of the values of the location tolerance field the end face of the ledge from the technological base of the product and the tolerance field for the location of the end face of the ledge during automatic fastening of the product in the clamping device. The product is rotated, and the tool is moved along its axis. Figure 2 shows the position of the tool at the end of processing (final), if the direction of the longitudinal feed is from left to right. If the direction of the longitudinal feed from right to left, then figure 2 shows the position of the tool at the beginning of processing (initial). Preferably, the smoothing tool at the beginning (or at the end) of the treatment is installed with a cutout at a distance of 0.1 ... 1 mm from the ledge.

The use of the proposed tool and processing method in a production environment has shown its high efficiency.

Claims (3)

1. The tool for processing by smoothing surfaces located near the ledge of the workpiece, consisting of a body and a fixed working part with an insert in it, characterized in that a cut is made on the working part of the tool and its body, the cut-out plane passing through the insert of the working part, located at a distance from the insertion axis not less than the distance, which is determined from the ratio
C = 1-0.5sin (R + 0.3),
where R is the radius of the working part of the insert, and the cut-out height of the tool body is greater than the height of the step on the workpiece. 2. The method of processing by smoothing surfaces located near the ledge of the workpiece, including the rotation of the workpiece with a ledge and machining with a smoothing tool moving along its axis, characterized in that the smoothing of the surfaces of the workpiece located near the ledge is performed with a smoothing tool, in the case and the working part of which is cut out with a cut-out plane passing through the insert of the working part, at a distance from the insert axis not less than the distance which is determined from the relation
C = 1-0.5sin (R + 0.3),
where R is the radius of the working part of the insert, and the height of the cutout of the tool body is greater than the height of the step on the workpiece, while the smoothing tool is oriented with a cut to the step parallel to its end. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the smoothing tool is installed with a cutout at a distance of 0.1 ... 1 mm from the ledge.

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