RU2465970C2 - Separator of loose materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to separation of loose materials and may be used in agriculture for grain cleaning, flout industry, construction and chemical industries. Proposed separator comprises screening device arranged in zigzag line in vertical channel to make zigzag-like channel with screening device arranged on sides of the latter to make two lateral zigzag-like channels, parallel with central channel. Screening devices are composed of combs made up of ellipsoid pins secured by bars on axle to turn thereabout irrespective of the turn of adjacent pins. Note that solid grain boards are arranged there above and deflectors are located there below. Right behind every deflector of every zigzag-like central channel arranged are branch pipes to discharge fine fraction sideways, loading bin, and branch pipes to discharge separated fractions. Eccentric mechanism composed of two discs rigidly fitted on shaft coupled with lever is arranged under screening devices. Pin bars are locked by solid plate arranged to displace in vertical. Springs are arranged in ends of said bar outside said solid plate. Said spring are locked by caps coupled with cams rigidly fitted on aforesaid shaft.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of cleaning.

2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of separation of bulk materials and can be used in agriculture for the purification of grain and products of its processing, flour and cereal, construction and chemical industries.

A known separator of bulk materials, including installed in a zigzag manner in a vertical channel, screening devices equipped with a rotation mechanism at a certain angle to the horizon. Above them, reflectors are installed in the form of continuous pitched boards having triangular indentations directed along the direction of movement of the material. The separator includes deflectors, loading device and branch pipes for the output of separate fractions (see patent No. 2148439 C1, B07B 1/04, 05/10/2000).

When using a separator of bulk materials for cleaning various crops (wheat, barley, rye, oats, etc.), you have to change all combs to others, since the combs' fingers, which are cylindrical tubes, are cantilevered, that is, there is a constant certain gap between the fingers comb. Particles of various crops have different geometric sizes and shapes. For example, when cleaning wheat from small and large fractions, separation is most effective when a certain gap between the fingers of the combs, oats with a different gap. Therefore, it is necessary to quickly change the gap between the fingers of the combs when switching to processing from one culture to another, which does not allow the design of the combs in the known separator without changing them.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is the selected as a prototype of the separator of bulk materials, including installed in a zigzag screen in a vertical channel screening device forming a central zigzag channel. Sifting devices are made in the form of combs, which are a set of fingers. There are continuous pitched boards above them, baffles under them. The separator contains a loading hopper and nozzles for outputting the separated fractions. Additional screening devices are installed on the sides of the central zigzag channel forming two side zigzag channels parallel to the central one. After each deflector of the central zigzag channel, nozzles are installed to output the fine fraction to the side. The fingers of the comb are mounted to rotate around its axis, regardless of the angle of rotation of the adjacent fingers. In addition, the fingers of the combs have an ellipsoidal section and are fixed with the help of rails (see patent No. 2237526 C1, B07B 1/04, 1/46, 10.10.2004).

However, in the known device, the angle of inclination of the screening devices relative to the vertical axis of the separator is constant, which does not allow more efficient to clean small and large impurities, because different crops have different shapes, respectively, the speed of rolling down the separating combs is different. The position of the rails in the known separator is regulated using nuts located on a threaded pin. To change the position of the angle of the fingers of the combs, it is necessary to loosen the nuts one by one, then adjust the position of the rails. At the same time, while holding the rail, tighten the nut again. And so it is repeated with each change of culture, which complicates the cleaning process and lengthens the time for adjusting the gap between the fingers.

The technical result is an increase in the cleaning efficiency of various crops, simplification and reduction of time for adjusting the gap between the fingers.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in the separator of bulk materials containing sieving devices installed in a zigzag manner in a vertical channel, forming a central zigzag channel, sieving devices are installed on its sides, forming two side zigzag channels parallel to the central one, while the sieving devices are made in the form of combs representing a set of fingers of an ellipsoidal section, fixed with rails and mounted on an axis with the possibility of gates around its axis, regardless of the angle of rotation of adjacent fingers, solid pitched boards located above them, baffles, bunker, nozzles for outputting separated fractions under them, according to the invention, an eccentric mechanism consisting of two disks rigidly fixed to the shaft connected to the lever, the rails of the fingers are fixed with a plate mounted vertically, the springs are fixed on the ends of the rails, fixed by caps, open with cams that are rigidly fixed to a shaft connected to the lever.

To increase the efficiency of the process of separation of grain of various crops in the inventive device introduced an additional eccentric mechanism. The eccentric mechanism allows you to adjust the angle of inclination of the screening devices relative to the vertical axis of the separator due to the disks rigidly mounted on the shaft by turning the lever. This provides an increase in the efficiency of grain cleaning from fine and coarse impurities. At the same time, fixing the finger rails with a die ensures their vertical movement. Cams are used to move the finger rails horizontally, and springs are installed to return them to their original position. Caps are designed to fix the spring.

The proposed mechanism for adjusting the gap between the fingers of the combs can reduce the time to change and fix the angle of rotation around its axis of the fingers of the combs due to the rotary cams, rigidly mounted on the shaft. The shaft rotates with a lever. Thus, in order to adjust the position of the rails, you just need to turn the lever. This provides a simplification and reduction of time for adjusting the gap between the fingers.

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a separator; figure 2 - separating device in a perspective view.

The separator of bulk materials (Fig. 1) contains a loading hopper 1, sieving devices 2 installed under it in a zigzag shape in a vertical channel, forming a central zigzag channel, on the sides of which sieving devices 3 are installed, forming two side zigzag channels parallel to the central one. Above the screening devices 2, 3 there are continuous pitched boards 4 having triangular recesses directed along the direction of movement of the material. Deflectors 5 are installed under devices 2 and 3. The separator contains nozzles for outputting the separated fractions: nozzle 6 for outputting the similar fraction (large) from the screening device 2, nozzles 7 for outputting the passage fraction (medium) from the device 2 and the similar fraction from the separating device 3, nozzles 8 for outputting the passage fraction (fine) from the separating device 3. After each deflector 5 of the central zigzag channel, nozzles 9 are installed to divert the fine fraction to the side.

Under the sifting devices 2, 3 (figure 2) is an eccentric mechanism consisting of two disks 10, rigidly mounted on a shaft 11 connected to the lever 12.

The sieving devices 2, 3 (Fig. 2) are made in the form of combs, which are a set of fingers 13 of an ellipsoidal section mounted on an axis 14, fixed with the possibility of changing and fixing the angle of rotation around its axis using the rails 15, 16. At the ends of the rails 15 and 16, springs 17 and 18 are inserted, fixed by caps 19, 20, coupled to cams 21, 22, which are rigidly fixed to a shaft 23 connected to the lever 24. The rails 15 and 16 of the fingers 13 are fixed by two dies 25, mounted for vertical movement . Dies 25 are installed in the housing 26.

The finger 13 of the comb of an ellipsoidal section has the ability to rotate around its axis regardless of the angle of rotation of the adjacent fingers, that is, two independent devices for turning the fingers of the comb are installed.

The proposed separator of bulk materials is as follows.

Under the influence of gravitational forces, the initial grain material supplied to the loading hopper 1 moves downward and enters the reflector — a continuous ramp board 4. Particles of grain material roll along a continuous ramp board 4, and then fall on the first screening device 2 (comb). The gap between the fingers 13 of the comb is selected sufficient so that the large particles to be separated do not pass between the fingers, and other, smaller ones can pass. As a result of the movement from the ramp board 4 and the movement of the material along comb 2, a part of the passage fraction is extracted and falls onto the separating comb 3 to isolate the fine fraction, and the rest of the material under the action of gravitational forces converges along comb 2 to the second oppositely installed ramp board 4. Process separation continues when the grain material from the pitched board 4 hits the second comb 2 similarly to the first, then to the third pitched board 4 and comb 2, and so on to the last. The number of combs 2 and pitched boards 4 installed in the separator is determined by the required completeness of separation of the similar fraction. The waste fraction is removed from the separator by a pipe 6.

The passage fraction, having stood out, as a result of the movement of the material along the comb 2, enters the separating comb 3 to isolate the fine fraction. The gap between the fingers of the comb 3 is selected so that the small particles to be separated have the opportunity to pass between the fingers, and other larger ones could not. As a result of the movement of the material along comb 3, a part of the passage fraction is extracted and falls onto the deflector 5, descends through it into the nozzle 8 for withdrawing the fine fraction from the separator, and the rest of the material comes down along comb 3 to the oppositely installed ramp board 4. Separation process continues when grain material gets from the ramp 4 to the second comb 3. As a result of the movement of the material along the second comb 3, a part of the passage fraction is extracted and falls onto the deflector 5, descends along it into 9 O cuttings of fine fraction from the separator in a lateral direction. The separation process continues when the grain material hits the second pitched board 4 and the third comb 3, and so on to the last. The number of combs 3 and pitched boards 4 installed in the separator is determined by the required completeness of separation of the passage fraction. From figure 1. it is seen that the separation of the fine fraction occurs through two independent opposite channels. There are two nozzles 8 for outputting the fine fraction and, depending on the number of separating combs 3, nozzles 9 for outputting the fine fraction to the side.

When the processing of grain from one culture to another using the mechanisms 15, 16 of the rotation of the fingers 13 of the combs sets the optimal gap between them, at which the separation efficiency is greatest. The optimal angle of inclination of the comb to the horizon is established using the cams 21, 22, which are rigidly fixed on the shaft 23 connected to the lever 24. For the most efficient separation of grain from small and large impurities, the desired angle of inclination of the screening devices 2, 3 relative to the vertical axis of the separator using an eccentric mechanism, consisting of two disks 10, rigidly mounted on a shaft 11 connected to the lever 12.

Claims (1)

The separator of bulk materials, including sieving devices installed in a zigzag manner in the vertical channel, forming a central zigzag channel, on the sides of which sieving devices are installed that form two side zigzag channels parallel to the central one, while the sieving devices are made in the form of combs, which are a set of fingers of ellipsoidal section, fixed with rails and mounted on an axis with the possibility of rotation around its axis, regardless of the angle of rotation of the the bottom fingers, solid pitched boards above them, deflectors below them, after each deflector of the central zigzag channel there are installed branch pipes for lateral withdrawal of a fine fraction, a feed hopper, branch pipes for outputting separated fractions, characterized in that an eccentric mechanism is installed under the screening devices consisting of two discs, rigidly mounted on a shaft connected to a lever, the rails of the fingers are fixed by a die mounted to move vertically from the outside dies on the ends of the rails inserted springs, fixed by caps interfaced with cams, which are rigidly fixed to the shaft connected to the lever.

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