RU2071389C1 - Loose material separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: separation of loose material according to size; cleaning of grain and grain products in farming, flour industry and other industries. SUBSTANCE: separator has sieving surfaces mounted in vertical passage in zigzag pattern; sieving surfaces are made in form of pins secured as cantilever with deflectors located under them at spaced relation. Running-off portion of each above-laying sieving surface is directed to opposite sieving surface at acute angle. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to techniques for the separation of bulk materials by size and can find application in the purification of grain and products of its processing in agriculture, flour and cereal, feed industry, as well as in the coal, mining, building materials industry and other industries.

 A known separator of bulk materials by size, including inclined sieving devices and deflectors installed in a zigzag manner in a vertical channel, a loading device and branch pipes for outputting the separated fractions / 1 /. Known punching sieves or woven sieves are used as screening devices in this separator, which does not allow to realize an effective separation process due to clogging of sieve (sieve) holes by particles of the processed material.

 The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is the selected as a prototype of the separator of bulk materials, including installed in a vertical channel in a zigzag screening devices and baffles, loading device and branch pipes output of the separated fractions / 2 /.

 To eliminate clogging of the separating device, a sieve is used in the separator, the openings of which are made slotted with an increasing size of the slit in the direction of movement of the material, while the angle of inclination of the sieves and the angle of the wedge-shaped holes are interconnected by a certain ratio.

 However, these improvements do not completely eliminate the clogging of screening devices. For this reason, the efficiency of using such a separator when cleaning grain material from small impurities is not high enough, and the separator is not functional when cleaning large impurities. When using it in the operation of cleaning grain from large impurities containing straw particles and other similar plant inclusions, the separator working channel becomes clogged with these large components of the material due to the fact that they move poorly along the sieve even when sieves are installed in a direction close to vertical . Such parts of the impurity are capable of being retained in the wedge-shaped openings of the sieve, as well as being retained by the jumpers of the openings, especially when processing wet material.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the separator of bulk materials, including sieving devices and deflectors installed in a zigzag manner in the vertical channel, loading device and branch pipes for outputting the separated fractions, according to the invention, the sieving devices are made in the form of combs and are installed with a gap relative to the deflectors, while the opposite devices are vertically overlapped. In addition, the combs are made concave, and the descent part of the comb is directed to the middle part of the opposite comb at an acute angle.

 Comparison of the claimed device with the prototype shows that the new is the implementation of screening devices in the form of combs, the installation of combs with a gap relative to the deflectors, as well as the fact that the oppositely located combs are installed with vertical overlap. In addition, the combs can have a concave shape, and the descent part (end) of the comb is directed to the middle part of the opposite comb at an acute angle.

 The implementation of screening devices in the form of a comb and installing them with a gap relative to the deflectors provide high reliability and high efficiency of the separation process. The fingers of the combs are fixed cantilever and installed with a gap relative to the deflectors. As a result of the movement of the separated material along them, they oscillate and thereby are freed from small particles jamming between them and facilitate the movement and descent of large, for example, straw components.

 The efficiency of the separation process is increased due to the fact that the combs are installed with vertical overlap. In addition, the overlap of the comb allows more efficient use of the height of the separator: to establish a greater number of them at the same height, providing a greater completeness of selection of the passage fraction.

 The efficiency of the separator is also increased due to the fact that the combs are made concave. This allows the use of inertial forces - centrifugal forces to increase the sieving intensity. When moving along a concave comb, the grain material is pressed against it, which excludes the passage particles from bouncing and increases the sifting intensity. This factor is especially important when cleaning grain from large impurities and can reduce grain loss.

 The separation process is also intensified by the fact that the descent end of the comb is directed to the middle part of the opposite comb at an acute angle to the latter. The material is fed from the comb to the comb directly at the optimal acute angle α, at which, firstly, the particles, by impact, excite the cantilever fingers of the combs for self-cleaning, and secondly, the passage particles are directed to the screening surface, and not along it, as in prototype, which increases the intensity of their sifting. With this mutual arrangement of the combs, an effective self-cleaning of the combs is ensured due to the dynamic pressure of the material flow and the optimal movement (without rebounds) of the material along the lattice, which favors screening. This shape of the combs allows you to form a zigzag channel of the separator without corners, with smooth transitions from the comb to the comb, to avoid sharp turns that are dangerous for large impurities to get stuck.

 Thus, the claimed technical solution meets the criteria of the invention of "novelty."

 The device meets the criterion of "inventive step", since a result has been achieved that meets the existing need, attempts to which have not been successful so far by specialists, namely, ensuring self-cleaning of the screening devices from components of the processed material that are able to get stuck and increase its efficiency.

 The implementation of the separating device in the form of a comb, the placement of the comb with an overlap and a gap relative to the deflectors provide the complex with a high efficiency of the separator for cleaning grain from small impurities and performance when cleaning from large impurities.

 The invention is industrially applicable, because it can be used in agriculture when cleaning grain.

 In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a separator; in FIG. 2 comb with straight fingers, side view and top view; in FIG. 3 comb with concave fingers, side view and top view.

 The separator contains a loading device 1, mounted zigzag sifting devices 2 and deflectors 3 located under them, as well as branch pipes for outputting separated fractions of the passage (small) 4 and descent (large) 5.

 The screening devices 2 are made in the form of combs, which are cantilever mounted on the collector 6 fingers 7 of a straight (A-A) or concave (B-B) shape. The screening devices (combs) 2 are placed by overlapping adjacent opposite combs and with a gap relative to the downstream deflectors 3. The direction of the outgoing end intersects with the opposite comb in the middle of the latter at an acute angle a.

 The work of the separator is as follows.

 The source of grain material supplied to the loading device 1, under the action of gravitational forces moves down and falls on the first comb 2. The gap between the fingers 7 of the comb 2 is selected sufficient so that the smaller particles to be separated could pass between the fingers 7, and other larger ones, could not. As a result of the fall and movement of the material along the comb 2, a part of the passage fraction will stand out and, upon reaching the deflector 3, will descend through it into the pipe 4 of the output of the passage fraction from the separator, and the rest of the material will come down along the comb 2 to the second oppositely mounted comb. The separation process continues on the second comb similar to the first, then on the third and so on until the last. The number of combs 2 installed in the separator is determined by the required completeness of separation of the passage fraction. The waste fraction is removed from the separator by pipe 5.

 The use of the proposed separator of bulk materials will significantly increase the completeness of the separation of impurities, reduce grain loss while reducing material consumption by 3 6 times and reducing the dimensions of the device by 5 10 times.

Claims (3)

 1. A separator of bulk materials, including sieving surfaces installed in a zigzag in a vertical channel, deflectors located under the last with a gap, loading device and outlet pipes for separated fractions, characterized in that the sieving surfaces are made in the form of cantilevered fingers, and the chassis of each upstream sieving surface directed to the opposite screening surface at an acute angle.  2. The separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the screening surface is made concave.  3. The separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the screening surfaces are installed with vertical overlap.

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