RU2463518C1 - Automated heating plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: plant comprises a water-heating boiler comprising a swirling-type furnace equipped with pressuriser fans and a device for fuel supply equipped with an auger. The boiler comprises a delivery water pipeline and a return water pipeline with main and standby circulation pumps. The heating plant is equipped with an automatic control system (ACS). ACS is arranged as closed and represents two serially joined microprocessor temperature controllers and a unit of time relay comprising parallel joined time relays and voltage relays. As one of the controlled temperatures achieves the specified value, the appropriate temperature controller sends a signal to the time relay unit, which switches off and therefore switches off electric motors of all controlled mechanisms. After reduction of temperature, signal supply from the temperature controller to the time relay unit stops, and the unit together with electric motors of controlled mechanisms switches on in the initial mode. The heating plant has an automatic fire-fighting system connected to ACS.

EFFECT: maintenance of required coolant temperature at a boiler outlet at specified level and maximum fuel burning temperature in a furnace.

9 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to industrial heating installations operating on solid fuel, including on waste from wood processing, furniture, agricultural processing and other industries, moistened and containing toxic substances, and can be used as a plant for waste disposal.

A heating system is known having at least one heating boiler, a source water pipe, and a network water pipe with a circulation pump and auxiliary equipment (see, for example, the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB, 2001, art. "Boiler installation") .

The disadvantage of this installation is its low profitability due to the inability to use solid waste from various industries as fuel. This is explained by the lack of the ability to automate the operation of a solid fuel boiler (since it is impossible to obtain a stable process of burning solid fuel in time), which does not allow controlling the parameters of the combustion process, and hence the amount of harmful substances in the combustion products.

A prototype automated heating installation is known, which has at least one heating boiler, a source water pipe, a network water pipe with a primary and backup circulation pumps, as well as an automatic control system, an automatic fire extinguishing system having a temperature sensor and a voltage control system (see , for example, an automated heating installation according to the certificate of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 15509 dated December 9, 1999, IPC F22В 33/00).

The disadvantage of this installation is also low efficiency due to limited technical capabilities, in particular due to the inability to use solid waste as fuel, such as wood processing and furniture industries (which are much cheaper than solid or gaseous fuels, but are usually moistened and contain toxic substances), and hence the impossibility of working simultaneously as a facility for waste disposal, because the design of such a plant in accordance with environmental requirements should ensure a minimum content of harmful substances in the products of combustion entering the atmosphere.

This is due to the fact that there is no device in the heating system that would allow efficient (up to complete thermal decomposition) processing of solid waste into generator gas, and the limited technical capabilities of the automatic control system do not allow maintaining at least two controlled parameters at a given level, the stability of which necessary in order to guarantee a low content of toxic substances (in particular, CO ₂ ) in the final combustion products.

The invention solves the problem of creating a cost-effective automated heating installation, providing highly efficient and environmentally friendly burning of solid humidified waste containing toxic substances.

To solve this problem, a well-known automated heating installation having at least one heating boiler, a source water pipe, a network water pipe with a primary and backup circulation pumps, as well as an automatic control system, an automatic fire extinguishing system having a temperature sensor, and a voltage control system, in accordance with the invention is additionally equipped with a swirl box having at least one boost fan and connected on one side to the casing with the screw of the device for supplying solid fuel, which is equipped with a fuel agitator inside the supply hopper, and on the other hand, with the help of a nozzle for supplying generator gas - with a heating boiler, as well as an ejector equipped with a fan and connected via a smoke outlet to a heating boiler with the opposite swirling furnace side, and the automatic control system is closed and consists of two series-connected microprocessor-based temperature controllers maintaining at a given In addition to the required temperature of the coolant at the exit of the boiler and the maximum temperature of fuel combustion in the vortex furnace, and the time relay unit, consisting of parallel-connected time relays and voltage relays, while in the “automatic” mode the time relay has the ability to control the screw-agitator motor unit in the mode “Work-pause”, with the help of a voltage relay, the electric motors of the boost fans and the ejector are able to continuously work, and the thermostats have the ability to alternately supply a control signal and to turn off the time relay unit when the controlled temperature deviates from the set level, for which the time relay unit is connected in parallel with the manual-automatic mode switch to the screw-agitator electric motor block and to the boost fan and ejector electric motors, and the mentioned electric motor block and electric motors fans are connected in parallel to the network, in addition, in the “manual” mode, the electric motors of the mentioned fans and the said motor unit have the ability to independently turn on switch-offs.

The electric motor of each pump has the ability to turn off the electric motors of all controlled mechanisms, for which it is connected to the automatic control system in parallel and has an additional disconnect contact.

The electric motors of the pumps have the possibility of alternating operation, for which there are blocking contacts.

The temperature sensor of the automatic fire extinguishing system is installed in the auger casing, and the aforementioned system has the ability to turn off the electric motors of the ejector and pressurization fans, as well as turn on the screw-agitator electric motor block, for which, in the first case, it is connected to them in parallel, and in the second, sequentially using the corresponding switching voltage relay.

The solid fuel supply device is provided with an additional screw connected to the hopper, and the electric motor of the aforementioned screw is connected in parallel to the screw-agitator electric motor block.

An additional temperature sensor of the automatic fire extinguishing system is installed in the casing of the additional auger.

The unit is equipped with an emergency automatic shutdown system for electric motors of pumps and controlled mechanisms.

Electric motors of pumps and controlled mechanisms are connected to the network through thermal relays of the network voltage monitoring system.

The electrical equipment of the installation is located in the housing, and the control panel is located on the panel of the housing from the outside.

Providing a heating system with a vortex furnace allows the use of humidified and toxic substances waste from various industries (simultaneously disposing of waste) for heating industrial premises, due to the possibility of increasing the temperature of the combustion products in the boiler furnace, and hence the possibility of complete thermal decomposition of the fuel and, thereby, reducing the amount of toxic substances entering the atmosphere with combustion products.

The implementation of a vortex furnace with a fuel supply device that allows you to automate this process, as well as the implementation of an automatic control system closed in the form of two temperature controllers (maintaining at a given level the required temperature of the water leaving the boiler and the maximum combustion temperature of the fuel in the vortex furnace) and the time relay unit (consisting of a time relay and voltage relay), interconnected and with electric motors of controlled mechanisms in a certain way, allows you to control two temperatures parameters, which expands the technical capabilities of the automatic control system and guarantees not only highly efficient burning of low-grade solid waste, but also a minimum content of harmful impurities in the combustion products.

The presence in the heating installation of systems for monitoring the voltage in the network, automatic fire fighting and emergency automatic shutdown of pump motors and controlled mechanisms, the ability to independently turn on the electric motors in manual mode and the location of all the plant's electrical equipment in one housing with a single control panel make it safe and convenient to operate.

The inventive automated heating installation due to the possibility of efficient gasification of low-grade solid fuels and almost complete elimination of harmful emissions into the atmosphere allows the utilization of solid waste of various industries, in particular sawdust, wood shavings, chipboard and chipboard, wood waste containing used engine oil, waste containing polyethylene, polypropylene, glue, waste products for the production of hygiene products and packaging containers, broiler production, husk of rice and sunflower, MSW (solid waste of household waste), waste of medical institutions (tablets, vials, capsules, tubes containing liquid, etc. physiologically active compounds), etc.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig. 1 is a general view of a heating installation (the dashed line shows the connection of mechanisms and sensors of controlled parameters with a housing for placing electrical equipment), Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of an automatic control system (mode switch in the "manual" position ”, The electric motors of the pumps and controlled mechanisms are turned off, the dashed line shows the connection between the temperature controllers and the time relay unit in the“ automatic ”mode, K1 and K2 are the connection contacts of the temperature controllers).

The heating installation consists of (Fig. 1) a boiler 1 and a vortex furnace 2, connected to the boiler using a pipe for supplying generator gas.

The furnace 2 is equipped with boost fans 3, the air ducts of which have flaps regulating their working clearance. The position of the dampers is set manually.

The furnace 2 also has a device for feeding solid crushed fuel, which is made in the form of a screw 4 located in the casing, and a feed hopper 5, inside which there is a fuel agitator 6 mounted for rotation. The furnace is equipped with an ash chamber and an eye located on the wall for visual control of the fuel level and the color of the flame.

To load the hopper 5, the installation can be equipped with an additional screw 7.

The boiler 1 externally has a piping system connected to the heating system of the building and consisting of pressure and return parts, respectively having a network water pipe 8 and a return water pipe 9 with primary and backup circulation pumps 10.

The installation also has a bore 11, connected to the flue pipe of the boiler, and an ejector equipped with a fan 12.

The heating system is equipped (Fig. 2) with a closed automatic control system (CAP), which ensures, using two series-connected microprocessor thermostats A1 and A2 (type ТРМ1А-Щ1.У.Р), to maintain at a given level the required temperature of the coolant at the outlet of boiler 1 and maximum combustion temperature of the fuel in the furnace 2.

CAP also has a time relay block (block KT1-KV1), consisting of parallel connected time relays KT1 (type VL-40UHL4) and voltage relay KV1.

Each thermostat is connected to the KT1-KV1 unit for supplying a control signal to turn it off in case of deviation of the controlled temperature from the set value.

To control the temperature of the coolant in the heating system at the outlet of the boiler 1 (Fig. 1, 2), a temperature sensor RK1 (resistance thermocouple type ТСМ-50М) is installed, and to control the temperature of fuel combustion in the furnace 2, a temperature sensor RK2 (resistance thermoconverter is installed) type DTPK-135-0314.400).

The electric motors of the controlled CAP mechanisms, as well as the electric motors of the pumps 10, are connected to the network (Fig. 2) through magnetic starters (type KMI): the electric motors of the pumps 10 - through the starters KM1, KM2; electric motors of the fan 12 of the ejector and boost fans 3 - respectively, through the starters KMZ, KM4, KM5; and the agitator electric motors 6 and the screws 4 and 7 (forming the ESW unit) through the KM6, KM7 and KM8 starters (KM6-KM8 block).

Using the SA - manual-automatic mode switch, the KT1-KV1 unit in the “automatic” position is connected to KM3-KM8 of the electric motors of the controlled mechanisms. In this case, the KT1 time relay is connected to the KM6-KM8 block and is designed to maintain a constant fuel level in the vortex furnace by automatically turning the ESW unit on and off in the “work-pause” mode with a stable fuel combustion process (when the temperature parameters controlled by thermostats correspond to the set value) and the voltage relay KV1 through its additional contacts KV1.1 and KV1.2 is connected to KM3, KM4 and KM5 to ensure (at the same time) continuous operation of fan motors 3 and 12, i.e. to provide traction.

The time relay KT1 (figure 2) has two circuits connecting to the CAP. One is designed to send a signal to the KM6-KM8 block (turning on the ESW unit) during the start-up of the heating installation in the “manual” mode, during which the corresponding time intervals are selected using the KT1.1 regulators on the KT1 relay (“work-pause” mode) , and the other - to work in the "automatic" mode, i.e. to send a signal to the KM6-KM8 block in the "work-pause" mode.

The electric motors of the controlled mechanisms are connected to the network in parallel (via neutral N).

The electric motors of the pumps 10 are also connected in parallel to the CAP using additional contacts KM1.3 and KM2.3, designed to break the CAP power supply circuit and turn off the electric motors of all controlled mechanisms in the event of failure of one of the pumps.

For operation of the main pump with the standby and standby pumps turned off, in case of shutdown of the main, there are blocking contacts KM1.1 and KM2.1.

All lines connecting the electric motors of pumps and controlled mechanisms to the network are equipped with thermal relays KK1-KK7 (type RTI), which are part of the network voltage monitoring system (having a voltage monitoring relay) and are designed to disconnect all electric motors when one of them is overloaded.

For autonomous manual switching on and off of electric motors of pumps, ejector fans and pressurization there are corresponding Start buttons (SB3, SB5, SB7, SB9) and Stop (SB2, SB4, SB6, SB8), and the EShV unit - SB10.

All electrical equipment of the installation is connected to the network through a common start button SB1.2, which has a second contact - a normally closed button SB1.1 "Emergency stop", designed to emergency stop the operation of all equipment.

The heating system also has an automatic fire extinguishing system designed to prevent ignition of the fuel inside the shrouds of the screws 4 and 7 (figure 1). To control the heating temperature of the casings, they are equipped with temperature sensors 13 and 14 (type TK24), designed for a temperature of 105 ° C.

The fire extinguishing system has an actuator in the form of an electromagnetic valve that controls the supply of water to the ignition zone, as well as light and sound alarms.

To turn off the air supply to the installation when the fuel ignites, there is a voltage relay KV2 (Fig. 2), connected with sensors 13 and 14 and designed to turn off the electric motors of the boost fans and the ejector, for which the fire extinguishing system is connected in series. The fire extinguishing system also has the ability to turn on the ESW unit, for which it is connected to the unit in parallel using the same relay (its other contacts).

The electrical equipment of the installation (CAP, fire extinguishing systems and voltage control in the network, etc.) is placed in a special metal case 15 (figure 1).

The “network” switch, the SA mode switch, the KT1.1 time relay controls, the pump control buttons (SB2-SB4) and mechanisms (SB6-SB10) are located on the control panel located on the front panel of the housing 15. There is also a fire alarm switch, designed to turn on and off the device for automatic operation of the fire extinguishing system, light and sound alarms in case of fire, as well as the button SB1.1.

For visual control of the operation of the CAP and all electrical equipment of the heating installation, the manual control buttons and emergency buttons are equipped with the corresponding light indication (the “Start” button is green, and the “Stop” button is red). The temperature regulators A1 and A2 have devices for digital indication of controlled temperature parameters with red backlight.

The heating installation operates as follows.

Solid moistened and ground fuel with the help of a screw 7 (Fig.1) is fed into the hopper 5, in which a rotating agitator 6 prevents the fuel from hanging on the walls. From the hopper 5, with the help of the screw 4, the fuel enters the furnace 2, where it is gasified with partial combustion of the generator gas, which has a high heating temperature. Then, the generator gas through the corresponding pipe enters the boiler 1, in which it burns out and completely decomposes thermally, due to which toxic substances are practically absent in the combustion products. Next, the generator gas, having given heat to the heat-exchanging surfaces inside the boiler, exits through the flue pipe and burs 11 into the atmosphere.

In the process of fuel combustion, chilled water coming through one of the pumps 10 from the heating network of the building through the return pipe 9 to the boiler 1 and circulating in its heat exchange system, after heating to a predetermined temperature through the pressure pipe 8 is again fed into the heating network.

The heating installation is started (Fig. 1, 2) when the SA is set to “manual” and consists in pre-firing dry fuel in the furnace 2 (with relative humidity below 30%), stabilizing the combustion process (and, if necessary, additional stabilization the combustion process after loading the next portion of fuel into the furnace, but with a moisture content of up to 50%) and setting the “work-pause” time intervals on the CT1 timer to operate the ESW unit in automatic mode.

To start the heating installation, it is first necessary to use one of the electric motors of the circulation pumps 10 using the start buttons SB3 and SB5 and the magnetic starters KM1 and KM2 and fill the boiler 1 with water, then use the SB9 button and the KM4 and KM5 starters to turn on the boost fans 3 motors.

After that, to load fuel into the furnace 2, it is necessary to put the SA in the “manual” position and press the SB10 button, as a result of which the ESW unit is turned on through the KM6-KM8 block, and the fuel begins to enter the combustion chamber of the furnace.

After turning on the ESW unit, air is also supplied to the combustion chamber of the furnace (Figs. 1, 2), for which the shutters on the air ducts of boost fans 3 open. After loading a small amount of fuel into the chamber, the ESV unit turns off (when the SB10 button is released), and through the ash chamber a fire is being kindled. Then, with the help of SB10, the fuel supply is switched on again, and with steady combustion, this process is stabilized with the help of dampers on the air ducts of the furnace 2, for which flame color (light) and fuel level (to the eye) are controlled through the inspection eye.

The mode of supply of fuel to the furnace 2 is selected so that the fuel level is kept constant. To do this, two regulators KT1.1 (figure 2) on the time relay KT1 set the time intervals "work-pause" for the block ESW. One controller sets the operating time, for example, in the range from 3 to 30 s, the other sets the pause time, for example, in the range from 6 to 60 s.

After receiving a stable process of burning fuel in the furnace 2 and reaching the required combustion temperature, the heating system can be switched to automatic operation, for which it is necessary to put the SA in the "automatic" position (figure 2).

Before the heating system is set to automatic mode, it is necessary to set the necessary heat carrier temperature at the boiler outlet 1, for example 95 ° С, on the dial of the thermostat A1, which is selected based on the condition for preventing boiling water in the boiler, and the maximum temperature of the fuel burning in the furnace on the dial of the thermostat A2 2, for example 1000 ° C, which is selected depending on the type of fuel.

In automatic mode, CAP works as follows.

When the temperature parameters controlled by RK1 and RK2 do not exceed the values set on A1 and A2, the KT1-KV1 unit supports the stable operation of the heating system by supplying a signal from KT1 to KM6-KM8 to turn on and off the ESW unit in accordance with the specified time intervals " work-pause ”and supplying voltage KV1 (contacts KV1.1 and KV1.2) with power to KM3, KM4 and KM5 for continuous operation of fans 3 and 12, creating the necessary traction.

If, for example, the temperature of the coolant at the entrance to the building heating system has reached 95 ° C, a control signal is sent from A1 to the KT1-KV1 block to turn it off. In this case, the electric motors of all controlled mechanisms are automatically turned off, as a result of which the fuel ceases to flow into the furnace 2, and the generator gas flows into the boiler on the heat exchange surfaces with water circulating in them. After the coolant temperature is reduced to the required level, the signal from A1 to the KT1-KV1 block stops, the mentioned block and all electric motors turn on again and work in the initial mode to maintain stable operation of the installation (ie, the ESW unit is in the “work-pause” mode and fan motors in continuous operation).

In a similar way, the heating system automatically regulates depending on the combustion temperature of the fuel in the furnace 2.

In the case of a simultaneous deviation of the controlled parameters from the set values, the signal to turn off the KT1-KV1 unit is supplied from one of the thermostats, for example, from A1, and the thermostat A2 will be in standby mode.

CAP maintains controlled temperature parameters with an accuracy of 2 ° C.

In case of fuel ignition, for example, in the auger casing 4 (FIGS. 1, 2), the electric motors of fans 3 and 12 are turned off by a signal from a temperature sensor 13 to a voltage relay KV2 using KM3-KM5. A fire alarm is triggered (the lamp lights up, an audible signal appears), the fire extinguishing solenoid valve is activated, and water enters the auger casing 4.

When the fire alarm is triggered, the screws 4 and 7 continue to operate in a predetermined mode to remove fuel from the ignition zone and prevent fuel ignition in the hopper 5.

Automatic shutdown of electric motors of all controlled mechanisms will occur if the circulation pump is turned off (by tripping KM 1.3 or KM 2.3), current overload (by tripping KK thermal relays), short circuit, phase failure, or power outage.

If necessary, turning on and off the electric motors of controlled mechanisms can be done in manual mode.

CAP allows you to regulate the operation of the heating system in manual and automatic modes.

The efficiency of the installation is about 87%.

The inventive installation is made and has passed operational tests, the results of which allow us to conclude that it is economical and meets environmental requirements.

Claims (9)

1. An automated heating installation having at least one heating boiler, a source water pipe, a network water pipe with a primary and backup circulation pumps, as well as an automatic control system, an automatic fire extinguishing system having a temperature sensor, and a voltage control system, characterized in that is equipped with a vortex firebox having at least one boost fan and connected on one side to the screw of the device for supplying solid fuel located in the casing, the inside of the feed hopper is equipped with a fuel agitator, and on the other, with the nozzle for supplying generator gas, with a heating boiler, as well as an ejector equipped with a fan and connected via a smoke outlet to the heating boiler from the side opposite from the vortex furnace, and the automatic control system is made closed and represents two series-connected microprocessor thermostats maintaining at a given level the necessary temperature of the coolant at the exit of the boiler and the maximum combustion temperature of the fuel in the vortex furnace and the time relay unit, consisting of parallel-connected time relays and voltage relays, while in the “automatic” mode the time relay has the ability to control the screw-agitator electric motor block in the “work-pause” mode, with with the help of a voltage relay, electric motors of boost fans and an ejector are able to operate continuously, and thermostats have the ability to alternately supply a control signal to turn off the time relay unit when the control deviates temperature from a predetermined level, for which the time relay unit is connected in parallel using the “manual - automatic” mode switch to the screw-agitator electric motor block and to the boost fan and ejector fan electric motors, and the mentioned electric motor block and fan electric motors are connected in parallel to the network, in addition , in the “manual” mode, the electric motors of the mentioned fans and the said electric motor block have the possibility of independent switching on / off. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric motor of each pump has the ability to turn off the electric motors of all controlled mechanisms, for which it is connected to the automatic control system in parallel and has an additional disconnect contact. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric motors of the pumps have the possibility of alternating operation, for which there are blocking contacts. 4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature sensor of the automatic fire extinguishing system is installed in the screw casing, and the said system has the ability to turn off the electric motors of the ejector and pressurization fans, as well as turn on the screw-agitator electric motor block, for which it is connected to them in the first case in parallel, and in the second, sequentially using the corresponding trip-turn-on voltage relay. 5. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for supplying solid fuel is equipped with an additional screw connected to the hopper, and the electric motor of the aforementioned screw is connected in parallel to the electric motor unit with a screw agitator. 6. Installation according to claim 5, characterized in that an additional temperature sensor of the automatic fire extinguishing system is installed in the casing of the additional screw. 7. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an emergency automatic shutdown system for electric motors of pumps and controlled mechanisms. 8. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric motors of the pumps and controlled mechanisms are connected to the network through thermal relays of the network voltage monitoring system. 9. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical equipment is located in the housing, and the control panel is located on the panel of the housing from the outside.

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