CN105925316B - Control method of fluidized bed gasification furnace system - Google Patents
Control method of fluidized bed gasification furnace system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105925316B CN105925316B CN201610538153.0A CN201610538153A CN105925316B CN 105925316 B CN105925316 B CN 105925316B CN 201610538153 A CN201610538153 A CN 201610538153A CN 105925316 B CN105925316 B CN 105925316B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
- C10J3/56—Apparatus; Plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/183—Non-continuous or semi-continuous processes
Abstract
The invention discloses a control method of a fluidized bed gasification furnace system, which comprises the following steps of: the control system receives the material level condition in the rotary bin detected by a material level meter arranged on the rotary bin, and when the raw material in the rotary bin is lower than the set material level, the control system sequentially controls the bin top feeding spiral starting, the feeding hoister starting and the bin top feeding valve of the rotary bin to be opened to start the automatic feeding state; when the raw materials in the rotary bin are higher than the set material level, the control system controls the bin top feeding valve to be closed, the feeding hoister to be stopped and the bin top feeding spiral to be stopped in sequence, and the feeding state is stopped. The control method of the fluidized bed gasification furnace system can realize automatic control of the feeding system, the control is accurate, the automatic control degree of the feeding system is high, and the feeding system runs stably, reliably and safely.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of raw material gasification, in particular to a control method of a fluidized bed gasification furnace system.
Background
The gasification of raw materials refers to the process of thermochemically processing the raw materials by using a gasifying agent under a certain temperature and pressure to convert organic matters in the raw materials into fuel gas. A fluidized bed gasifier system is one type of gasification system commonly used in the industry. Traditionally, fluidized bed gasifier system generally adopts manual adjustment in the operation process, needs the personnel that have certain operation experience to operate, and equipment running state, parameter etc. need artifical input to the computer and save, and degree of automation is not high, and manual control regulation and control precision is difficult for holding, and the regulation and control precision is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention provides the control method of the fluidized bed gasification furnace system, which has the advantages of high automation control degree and high regulation and control precision and overcomes the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme is as follows: in one of the embodiments, the first and second electrodes are,
a method of controlling a fluidized bed gasifier system, comprising: the control system receives the material level condition in the rotary bin detected by a material level meter arranged on the rotary bin, and when the raw material in the rotary bin is lower than the set material level, the control system sequentially controls the bin top feeding spiral starting, the feeding hoister starting and the bin top feeding valve of the rotary bin to be opened to start the automatic feeding state; when the raw materials in the rotary bin are higher than the set material level, the control system controls the bin top feeding valve to be closed, the feeding hoister to be stopped and the bin top feeding spiral to be stopped in sequence, and the feeding state is stopped.
In one embodiment, the controlling of the feeding system further comprises: the control system receives temperature data and humidity data in the rotary bin detected by a thermometer and a hygrometer arranged on the rotary bin, and automatically adjusts the rotating speed and the bottom hot gas reflux amount of the rotary bin according to the detected data.
In one embodiment, when the control system sequentially controls the start of the bin top feeding screw, the start of the feeding elevator and the opening of the bin top feeding valve, the start delay is preset between the start of the bin top feeding screw and the start of the feeding elevator; and when the control system sequentially controls the closing of the bin top feeding valve, the stopping of the feeding elevator and the stopping of the bin top feeding screw, a start delay is preset between the closing of the bin top feeding valve and the stopping of the feeding elevator.
In one embodiment, the method for controlling a fluidized bed gasification furnace system further comprises controlling a main body operation system:
the control system controls a gas switching valve on a main gas pipeline which is connected with the top of the gasification furnace and used for providing gas for a user side to be opened;
the control system receives temperature data in the gasification furnace detected by a thermometer arranged on the gasification furnace, compares the detected data with a standard temperature value, adjusts the feeding speed of a feeding screw used for conveying the raw materials in the rotary bin to the gasification furnace, and controls the temperature in the gasification furnace to be the standard temperature value;
the control system receives gas pressure in the main gas pipeline detected by the pressure gauge arranged on the main gas pipeline, compares the detection data with a standard pressure value, adjusts the blowing speed of a blower for blowing air in the gasification furnace, controls reaction in the gasification furnace and enables the gas pressure in the main gas pipeline to be the standard pressure value.
In one embodiment, the feed screws comprise a first feed screw and a spare feed screw, and the control system controls the feed screws and further comprises selecting the first feed screw or the spare feed screw; the air blower comprises a first air blower and a standby air blower, and the control system controls the front of the air blower and selects the first air blower or the standby air blower.
In one embodiment, the method for controlling a fluidized bed gasifier system further comprises controlling a slag discharge system:
the control system controls a fire grate at the bottom of the gasification furnace to start, receives temperature data and pressure data of a reaction layer in the gasification furnace detected by a thermometer and a pressure gauge arranged on the gasification furnace, and adjusts the rotating speed of the fire grate according to the ratio of the temperature data and the pressure data;
the slag chamber is connected with the grate through a pipeline, the control system receives the material level condition in the slag chamber detected by a material level meter arranged on the slag chamber, and when the slag in the slag chamber is positioned at a low level, the control system controls a slag discharging valve at the bottom of the slag chamber to be closed and opens an air chamber slag discharging valve of the grate; and when the slag in the slag chamber is positioned at a high position, the control system sequentially controls the start of the U-shaped ash discharge spiral, the start of the slag discharge spiral, the closing of an air chamber slag discharge valve and the opening of a slag discharge valve.
In one embodiment, the control system adjusts the frequency of the slag discharge screw according to the material level condition in the slag chamber, and when the slag in the slag chamber is at a low level, the slag discharge control system automatically slows down the frequency of the slag discharge screw; when the slag in the slag chamber is at a high position, the slag discharging control system automatically adjusts the frequency of the slag discharging screw.
In one embodiment, the method for controlling a fluidized bed gasifier system further comprises controlling an ash discharge system:
the gas after reaction in the gasifier is output through the top of the gasifier and sequentially enters a main gas pipeline through a primary cyclone storage and a secondary cyclone storage, a primary ash box connected with the primary cyclone storage is arranged below the primary cyclone storage, a secondary ash box connected with the secondary cyclone storage is arranged below the secondary cyclone storage, an ash reversing spiral for outputting ash in the primary ash box into the secondary ash box is arranged between the primary ash box and the secondary ash box, a cooling ash discharging spiral for outputting ash in the secondary ash box is arranged below the secondary ash box, and the U-shaped ash discharging spiral is positioned below the cooling ash discharging spiral and used for outputting the ash in the cooling ash discharging spiral;
the control system receives the material level conditions in the first-stage ash box and the second-stage ash box detected by material level meters arranged on the first-stage ash box and the second-stage ash box, judges the material level conditions in the second-stage ash box, and controls the reverse ash spiral start, the first-stage ash box start, the U-shaped ash discharge spiral start, the cooling ash discharge spiral start and the opening of an ash discharge valve of the second-stage ash box if the ash material in the second-stage ash box is at a low level; and if the ash material in the secondary ash box is at a high position, the control system stops the primary ash box and the inverse ash screw, and controls the U-shaped ash discharge screw to start and the cooling ash discharge screw to start.
In one embodiment, the control system adjusts the frequency of the inverse ash spiral according to the condition of ash in the first-level ash bin, when the ash in the first-level ash bin is at a low position, the control system automatically slows down the frequency of the inverse ash spiral, when the ash in the first-level ash bin is at a high position, the control system automatically quickens the frequency of the inverse ash spiral, and when no ash exists in the first-level ash bin, the control system controls the frequency of the inverse ash spiral to be zero;
the control system adjusts the frequency of the cooling ash discharge spiral according to the condition of ash materials in the secondary ash box, when the ash materials in the secondary ash box are located at a low position, the control system automatically slows down the frequency of the cooling ash discharge spiral, when the ash materials in the secondary ash box are located at a high position, the control system automatically quickens the frequency of the cooling ash discharge spiral, and when no ash material exists in the secondary ash box, the control system controls the frequency of the cooling ash discharge spiral to be zero.
In one embodiment, the method for controlling a fluidized bed gasifier system further comprises controlling a gas supply and shut-off system:
when gas supply needs to be stopped, the control system controls a water-relief seal valve on a relief pipeline connected with the main gas pipeline to be opened, closes a gas switching valve on the main gas pipeline, and opens a ceiling lamp igniter and a ceiling lamp gas valve which are positioned at the water-relief seal valve; when gas supply is needed, the gas supply and stop control system controls the gas switching valve on the main gas pipeline to be opened, the water release seal valve is closed, and the ceiling lamp igniter and the ceiling lamp gas valve are closed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the control method of the fluidized bed gasification furnace system, the control system can obtain the material level condition in the rotary bin by receiving the detection result of the material level meter, and controls the start (open) or stop (close) of the bin top feeding screw, the feeding elevator and the bin bottom valve in real time according to the material level condition in the rotary bin, so that the raw material condition in the rotary bin is flexibly adjusted, and the raw material in the rotary bin is kept in the set material level range; and when the control system controls the feeding system, the control on the starting or stopping of the bin top feeding screw, the feeding elevator and the bin bottom valve is sequential, so that the raw materials can be prevented from being accumulated, the mutual interference of all devices during operation can be prevented, and the automatic feeding process of the feeding system is stable and safe in operation. The control method of the fluidized bed gasification furnace system can realize automatic control of the feeding system, the control is accurate, the automatic control degree of the feeding system is high, and the feeding system runs stably, reliably and safely.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fluidized bed gasification furnace system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
10. the device comprises a feeding system, 11, a rotary bin, 12, a bin top feeding screw, 13, a feeding elevator, 20, a main body operation system, 21, a gasification furnace, 22, a feeding screw, 221, a first feeding screw, 222, a standby feeding screw, 23, an air blower, 231, a first air blower, 232, a standby air blower, 30, a slag discharging system, 31, a fire grate, 32, a slag chamber, 33, a slag discharging screw, 34, a U-shaped ash discharging screw, 40, an ash discharging system, 41, a primary cyclone storage, 42, a secondary cyclone storage, 43, a primary ash box, 44, a secondary ash box, 45, an ash reversing screw, 46, a cooling ash discharging screw, 50, a gas supply and stop system, 51, a main gas pipeline, 52, a gas switching valve, 53 and a water relief sealing valve.
Detailed Description
The following examples illustrate the invention in detail:
as shown in fig. 1, a method for controlling a fluidized bed gasification furnace system includes controlling a charging system 10: the control system receives the material level condition in the rotary bin 11 detected by a material level meter arranged on the rotary bin 11, and when the raw material in the rotary bin 11 is lower than the set material level, the control system sequentially controls the bin top feeding screw 12 to be started, the feeding elevator 13 to be started and the bin top feeding valve of the rotary bin 11 to be opened, so as to start the automatic feeding state; when the raw materials in the rotary bin 11 are higher than the set material level, the control system controls the bin top feeding valve to be closed, the feeding elevator 13 to be stopped, the bin top feeding screw 12 to be stopped, and the feeding state is stopped. In this embodiment, the level gauge may be an ultrasonic detector, a radar detector, an infrared detector, or the like.
According to the control method of the fluidized bed gasification furnace system, the control system can obtain the material level condition in the rotary bin 11 by receiving the detection result of the material level meter, and controls the start (open) or stop (close) of the bin top feeding screw 12, the feeding elevator 13 and the bin bottom valve in real time according to the material level condition in the rotary bin 11, so that the raw material condition in the rotary bin 11 is flexibly adjusted, and the raw material in the rotary bin 11 is kept in the set material level range; and when the control system controls the feeding system 10, the control on the starting or stopping of the bin top feeding screw 12, the feeding elevator 13 and the bin bottom valve is sequential, so that the raw material accumulation can be prevented, the mutual interference of the equipment during operation can be prevented, and the automatic feeding process of the feeding system 10 is stable and safe in operation. The control method of the fluidized bed gasification furnace system can realize automatic control of the feeding system 10, the control is accurate, the automatic control degree of the feeding system 10 is high, and the feeding system 10 runs stably, reliably and safely.
In this embodiment, the control of the feeding system 10 further includes: the control system receives temperature data and humidity data in the rotary bin 11 detected by a thermometer and a hygrometer arranged on the rotary bin 11, and automatically adjusts the rotating speed and the bottom hot gas backflow amount of the rotary bin 11 according to the detected data. In this embodiment, the thermometer may be a thermocouple sensor, and the hygrometer may be a humidity detector. Control system passes through the thermometer and can acquires 11 inside temperature data of rotatory feed bin and humidity data with the hygrometer to according to the rotation rate and the bottom steam reflux of the rotatory feed bin 11 of result automatic adjustment that detect, can realize the automatic adjustment to rotatory feed bin 11, guarantee feeding system 10's automatic stabilization, degree of automation is high, and the adjustment is accurate.
In this embodiment, when the control system sequentially controls the start of the bin top feeding screw 12, the start of the feeding elevator 13 and the opening of the bin top feeding valve, a start delay is preset between the start of the bin top feeding screw 12 and the start of the feeding elevator 13; and when the control system sequentially controls the closing of the bin top feeding valve, the stopping of the feeding elevator 13 and the stopping of the bin top feeding screw 12, the starting time delay is preset between the closing of the bin top feeding valve and the stopping of the feeding elevator 13. By setting the starting time delay, on one hand, the starting or closing of the next device can be ensured after the starting or closing action of the previous device is finished, and the running stability and safety of the device are ensured; on the other hand, the excess material of the raw material can be ensured not to be accumulated.
Further, the control method of the fluidized bed gasification furnace system further comprises the following steps of controlling the main operation system 20: the control system controls a gas switching valve 52 on a main gas pipeline 51 which is connected with the top of the gasification furnace 21 and is used for providing gas for a user end to open; the control system receives temperature data in the gasification furnace 21 detected by a thermometer arranged on the gasification furnace 21, compares the detected data with a standard temperature value, adjusts the feeding speed of a feeding screw 22 used for conveying the raw materials in the rotary bin 11 to the gasification furnace 21, and controls the temperature in the gasification furnace 21 to be the standard temperature value; the control system receives the gas pressure in the main gas pipeline 51 detected by the pressure gauge installed on the main gas pipeline 51, compares the detected data with a standard pressure value, adjusts the blowing speed of the blower 23 for blowing air into the gasification furnace 21, and controls the reaction in the gasification furnace 21 so that the gas pressure in the main gas pipeline 51 is the standard pressure value.
The control system controls the gas switching valve 52 on the main gas pipeline 51 to be opened, the operation of the main body operation system 20 can be ensured, the temperature data of the reaction layer in the gasification furnace 21 is detected by the receiving thermometer, the control system compares the detected temperature data with the set standard temperature value, corresponding closed-loop control adjustment is carried out on the feeding screw 22, the feeding speed of the feeding screw 22 is adjusted, and then the temperature of the reaction layer in the gasification furnace 21 is automatically controlled at constant temperature in real time. Similarly, the control system receives pressure data detected by a pressure gauge on the main gas pipeline 51, compares the pressure data with a set standard pressure value, performs corresponding closed-loop control adjustment on the blower 23, and adjusts the blowing speed of the blower 23, so that the reaction in the gasification furnace 21 can be automatically adjusted in real time, and the gas pressure in the main gas pipeline 51 is ensured to be the preset standard pressure value. When the control system controls the main body operation system 20, the closed-loop control mode is adopted, the temperature of the reaction layer of the gasification furnace 21 and the pressure of the main gas pipeline 51 can be adjusted in real time, the automatic adjustment of the main body operation system 20 can be realized, the automatic stable operation of the main body operation system 20 is ensured, the automation degree is high, and the adjustment is accurate.
In this embodiment, the feeding screw 22 includes a first feeding screw 221 and a spare feeding screw 222, and before the control system controls the feeding screw 22, the control system further selects the first feeding screw 221 or the spare feeding screw 222; the blower 23 includes a first blower 231 and a spare blower 232, and the control system controls the first blower 231 or the spare blower 232 before controlling the blowers. By arranging the standby feeding screw 222 and the standby blower 232, the control system selects the feeding screw 22 or the blower 23 before controlling, thereby preventing the use of a failed device and further ensuring the reliability and safety of the operation of the main body operation system 20.
Further, the control method of the fluidized bed gasification furnace system further comprises the following steps of: the control system controls the fire grate 31 at the bottom of the gasification furnace 21 to start, receives temperature data and pressure data of a reaction layer in the gasification furnace 21 detected by a thermometer and a pressure gauge arranged on the gasification furnace 21, and adjusts the rotating speed of the fire grate 31 according to the ratio of the temperature data and the pressure data; the slag chamber 32 is connected with the grate 31 through a pipeline, the control system receives the material level condition in the slag chamber 32 detected by a material level meter arranged on the slag chamber 32, and when the slag material in the slag chamber 32 is at a low level, the control system controls a slag discharging valve at the bottom of the slag chamber 32 to be closed and opens an air chamber slag discharging valve of the grate 31; a slag discharging screw 33 for outputting slag is arranged below the slag box, a U-shaped ash discharging screw 34 for outputting the slag in the slag discharging screw 33 is arranged below the slag discharging screw 33, and when the slag in the slag chamber 32 is at a high position, the control system controls the U-shaped ash discharging screw 34 to be started, the slag discharging screw 33 to be started, the air chamber slag discharging valve to be closed and the slag discharging valve to be opened in sequence. In this embodiment, the level gauge installed in the slag chamber 32 may be a high-temperature rotation-resistant level gauge.
The control system can obtain the temperature data and the pressure data of the reaction layer in the gasification furnace 21 through the thermometer and the pressure gauge which are arranged on the gasification furnace 21, and then the closed-loop control adjustment can be carried out on the fire grate 31 according to the preset temperature and pressure value ratio, the adjustment is accurate, and the automation degree is high. The control system can obtain the material level condition of the slag in the slag chamber 32 by receiving the detection result of the material level indicator, and controls the start (open) or stop (close) of the slag discharging valve, the air chamber slag discharging valve, the slag discharging screw 33 and the U-shaped ash discharging screw 34 in real time according to the material level condition in the slag chamber 32, flexibly adjusts the slag condition in the slag chamber 32, adjusts the output condition of the slag discharging screw 33 to the slag, and ensures the stable operation of the slag discharging system 30; moreover, when the control system controls the slag discharging system 30, the control of each device is sequential, thereby preventing slag from being accumulated and interfering with each other when the devices operate, and the automatic slag discharging process of the slag discharging system 30 is stable and safe to operate and accurate to control.
In the embodiment, the control system adjusts the frequency of the slag discharge screw 33 according to the material level condition in the slag chamber 32, and when the slag in the slag chamber 32 is at a low level, the slag discharge control system automatically slows down the frequency of the slag discharge screw 33; when the slag in the slag chamber 32 is at a high position, the slag discharging control system automatically adjusts the frequency of the slag discharging screw 33. The control system can automatically adjust the frequency of the slag discharge screw 33 according to the material level condition in the slag chamber 32, energy loss can be saved when the slag chamber 32 is at a low position, slag can be rapidly output when the slag chamber 32 is at a high position, the automatic control degree of the operation of the slag discharge system 30 is high, the control is accurate, energy loss is saved, and the cost is saved.
Further, the control method of the fluidized bed gasification furnace system further comprises the following steps of: the reacted fuel gas in the gasification furnace 21 is output through the top of the gasification furnace 21 and enters a main fuel gas pipeline 51 through a primary cyclone storage 41 and a secondary cyclone storage 42 in sequence, a primary ash box 43 connected with the primary cyclone storage 41 is arranged below the primary cyclone storage 41, a secondary ash box 44 connected with the secondary cyclone storage 42 is arranged below the secondary cyclone storage 42, an ash reversing spiral 45 used for outputting ash in the primary ash box 43 to the secondary ash box 44 is arranged between the primary ash box 43 and the secondary ash box 44, a cooling ash discharging spiral 46 used for outputting ash in the secondary ash box 44 is arranged below the secondary ash box 44, and the U-shaped ash discharging spiral 34 is positioned below the cooling ash discharging spiral 46 and used for outputting ash in the cooling ash discharging spiral 46; the control system receives the material level conditions in the first-stage ash box 43 and the second-stage ash box 44 detected by the material level meters arranged on the first-stage ash box 43 and the second-stage ash box 44, judges the material level conditions in the second-stage ash box 44, and controls the starting of the inverse ash screw 45, the starting of the first-stage ash box 43, the starting of the U-shaped ash discharge screw 34, the starting of the cooling ash discharge screw 46 and the opening of the ash discharge valve of the second-stage ash box 44 if the ash material in the second-stage ash box 44 is at a low level; if the ash in the secondary ash box 44 is at a high level, the control system stops the primary ash box 43 and the inverse ash screw 45, and controls the U-shaped ash discharge screw 34 to start and the cooling ash discharge screw 46 to start. In this embodiment, a start delay is provided between the start of the U-shaped ash discharge screw 34 and the start of the cooling ash discharge screw 46, so as to prevent the accumulation of excess materials at the joint of the cooling ash discharge screw 46 and the U-shaped ash discharge screw 34.
The control system can obtain the material level conditions in the first-stage ash box 43 and the second-stage ash box 44 by receiving the detection result of the material level meter. When the first-level ash box 43 is started, the control system firstly judges whether the second-level ash box 44 is at a high position, and only starts the first-level ash box 43 under the condition that the second-level ash box 44 is at a high position without materials, so that ash materials cannot be accumulated in the second-level ash box 44, and the operation stability of the ash discharge system 40 is ensured. The control system controls the starting (opening) or stopping (closing) of each device of the ash discharging system 40 according to the material level condition of the ash in the secondary ash box 44, flexibly adjusts the ash condition in the secondary ash box 44, realizes the automatic ash discharging control of the ash discharging system 40, and has the advantages of stable and safe operation of the ash discharging system 40, high automatic control degree and accurate control.
In this embodiment, the control system adjusts the frequency of the inverse ash spiral 45 according to the ash condition in the first-stage ash bin 43, when the ash in the first-stage ash bin 43 is at a low level, the control system automatically slows down the frequency of the inverse ash spiral 45, when the ash in the first-stage ash bin 43 is at a high level, the control system automatically speeds up the frequency of the inverse ash spiral 45, and when no ash exists in the first-stage ash bin 43, the control system controls the frequency of the inverse ash spiral 45 to be zero; the control system adjusts the frequency of the cooling ash discharge screw 46 according to the condition of ash in the secondary ash box 44, when the ash in the secondary ash box 44 is at a low position, the control system automatically slows down the frequency of the cooling ash discharge screw 46, when the ash in the secondary ash box 44 is at a high position, the control system automatically quickens the frequency of the cooling ash discharge screw 46, and when no ash exists in the secondary ash box 44, the control system controls the frequency of the cooling ash discharge screw 46 to be zero. Specifically, it is judged that there is no ash in the primary ash bin 43 when the level gauge installed at the low level of the primary ash bin 43 does not detect an ash level for a set time, and it is judged that there is no ash in the secondary ash bin 44 when the level gauge installed at the low level of the secondary ash bin 44 does not detect an ash level for a set time. The control system automatically adjusts the frequency of the ash-reversing spiral 45 through the material level condition in the first-level ash box 43, automatically adjusts the frequency of the cooling ash-discharging spiral 46 through the material level condition in the second-level ash box 44, can quickly discharge ash materials when ash is required to be discharged, can save energy loss when ash is not required to be discharged, and has the advantages of high automatic control degree of the ash discharging system 40, accurate control and cost saving.
Further, the control method of the fluidized bed gasification furnace system further comprises the control of the gas supply and stop system 50: when gas supply needs to be stopped, the control system controls a water-seal valve 53 on a diffusion pipeline connected with a main gas pipeline 51 to be opened, closes a gas switching valve 52 on the main gas pipeline 51, and opens a dome lamp igniter and a dome lamp gas valve at the water-seal valve 53; when gas supply is needed, the gas supply and cut-off control system controls the gas switching valve 52 on the main gas pipeline 51 to be opened, the water release seal valve 53 to be closed, and the ceiling lamp igniter and the ceiling lamp gas valve to be closed. When gas supply is stopped, the control system automatically controls the gas switching valve 52 to be closed, the gas supply state is stopped, the water-sealed valve 53 is controlled to be opened, the ceiling lamp igniter and the ceiling lamp gas valve are opened, residual gas is combusted, the operation stability of the gas supply and stop system 50 is ensured, when gas supply is needed, the control system automatically controls the gas switching valve 52 to be opened, the automatic gas supply state is realized, and the automatic control degree of the gas supply and stop system 50 is high.
In this embodiment, the fluidized bed gasifier system has the following structure:
the fluidized bed gasification furnace system comprises a control system, and a feeding system 10, a main body operation system 20, a slag discharge system 30, an ash discharge system 40 and a gas supply and stop system 50 which are electrically connected with the control system.
Feeding system 10 is including rotatory feed bin 11, storehouse top feeding spiral 12 and material loading lifting machine 13, storehouse top feeding spiral 12 be used for with the raw materials that material loading lifting machine 13 carried input extremely in the rotatory feed bin 11, the upper portion of rotatory feed bin 11 is equipped with storehouse top feed valve, the high material level department and the low material level department of rotatory feed bin 11 are equipped with respectively and are used for detecting first charge level indicator, the second charge level indicator of the material level of rotatory feed bin, still be equipped with respectively in the rotatory feed bin 11 and be used for detecting first thermometer, the first hygrometer of temperature and humidity in the rotatory feed bin 11.
The main part operation system 20 includes gasifier 21, is used for inciting somebody to action raw materials in the rotatory feed bin 11 input the feeding spiral 22 of gasifier 21 and be used for sending into the air-blower 23 of gasifier 21 bottom, be equipped with the second thermometer that is used for detecting its inside reaction layer temperature on the gasifier 21, supply gas stopping system 50 including being used for providing the main gas pipeline 51 of gas for the user end, the upper portion of gasifier 21 with main gas pipeline 51 is connected, be equipped with the first pressure gauge that is used for detecting its inside gas pressure on the main gas pipeline 51. Further, the feeding screw 22 includes a first feeding screw 221 and a spare feeding screw 222, and the blower 23 includes a first blower 231 and a spare blower 232.
Slag discharging system 30 is including setting up the grate 31 of gasifier 21 bottom and with the grate 31 passes through pipe connection's slag chamber 32, be equipped with third thermometer, the second pressure gauge that is used for detecting its inside reaction layer temperature and pressure respectively in the gasifier 21, be equipped with on the grate 31 and be used for the wind chamber slag discharging valve with slag charge discharge, the lower part of slag chamber 32 is equipped with the valve of slagging tap, the high material level department and the low material level department of slag chamber 32 are equipped with respectively and are used for detecting the third charge level indicator and the fourth charge level indicator of the charge level of slag chamber 32, the below of slag chamber 32 is equipped with the sediment spiral 33 that is used for slag charge output, the below of sediment spiral 33 is equipped with and is used for the U type ash discharge spiral 34 with slag charge output.
The ash discharging system 40 comprises a primary cyclone storage 41 and a secondary cyclone storage 42, the primary cyclone storage 41 is connected with the upper part of the gasification furnace 21, a primary ash box 43 connected with the primary cyclone storage 41 is arranged below the primary cyclone storage 41, the upper part of the secondary cyclone storage 42 is communicated with the upper part of the primary cyclone storage 41, the top of the secondary cyclone storage 42 is connected with the main fuel gas pipeline 51, a secondary ash box 44 connected with the secondary cyclone storage 42 is arranged below the secondary cyclone storage 42, an ash reversing screw 45 used for conveying ash to the secondary ash box is arranged below the primary ash box 43, a cooling ash discharging screw 46 used for outputting ash in the secondary ash box 44 is arranged below the secondary ash box 44, the U-shaped ash discharging screw 34 is arranged below the cooling ash discharging screw 46 and used for outputting ash output by the cooling ash discharging screw 46, high material level department and the low material level department of one-level ash bin 43 are equipped with respectively and are used for detecting fifth charge level indicator, the sixth charge level indicator of the material level of one-level ash bin 43, high material level department and the low material level department of second grade ash bin 44 are equipped with respectively and are used for detecting seventh charge level indicator, the eighth charge level indicator of the material level of second grade ash bin 44.
The gas supply and shut-off system 50 comprises a main gas pipeline 51, a gas switching valve 52 arranged on the main gas pipeline 51, a diffusing pipeline connected with the main gas pipeline 51 and a diffusing water air valve 53 arranged on the diffusing pipeline. The position of the water-seal relief valve 53 is provided with a dome lamp igniter and a dome lamp gas valve for burning residual gas.
In this embodiment, the camera is all installed on the scene to fluidized bed gasifier system, and then shows the on-the-spot video of equipment in main control room concatenation screen, and the master control personnel can master the on-the-spot equipment developments in real time, has guaranteed the security of equipment. When the valve is not opened in place and the motor gives an alarm and other faults occur in the automatic operation process of the equipment, the control system can automatically stop each small system and prompt an operator to process in time. The field speed regulating motors of all parts of the equipment of the fluidized bed gasification furnace system are started by adopting frequency conversion, and the PLC is connected with the frequency converter and is controlled by a PROFIBUS-DP bus, so that the control rate and the accuracy of feedback data are improved, the wiring of an electric cabinet is reduced, the maintenance is facilitated, and the overhauling difficulty is reduced. In the operation process of the equipment, the data of the pressure, the temperature, the gas composition, the flow, the relative humidity, the feeding quantity and the like of the equipment can be stored in different file formats, so that the later data analysis and query are facilitated. The control system also has a standby power supply, the standby power supply adopts a UPS power supply system and is provided with 12 sections of 12V100AH batteries, the batteries are used for supplying power for 10 hours under 1000W load, and then the power is supplied to monitoring systems such as a PLC, an upper computer and a camera under the condition of emergency power failure, so that the real-time monitoring of the control system under the condition of power failure is ensured, corresponding manual adjustment is made, and the safety is high.
According to the control method of the fluidized bed gasification furnace system, the control system can automatically control the feeding system 10, the main body operation system 20, the slag discharging system 30, the ash discharging system 40 and the gas supply and stop system 50, so that the systems cooperate with each other, and the full-automatic production operation process of the fluidized bed gasification furnace system is realized. Under the automatic control of the control system, the fluidized bed gasification furnace system has high automation degree, accurate operation control and high safety degree.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method of controlling a fluidized bed gasifier system, comprising: the control system receives the material level condition in the rotary bin detected by a material level meter arranged on the rotary bin, and when the raw material in the rotary bin is lower than the set material level, the control system sequentially controls the bin top feeding spiral starting, the feeding hoister starting and the bin top feeding valve of the rotary bin to be opened to start the automatic feeding state; when the raw materials in the rotary bin are higher than the set material level, the control system controls the bin top feeding valve to be closed, the feeding elevator to be stopped, the bin top feeding spiral to be stopped and the feeding state to be stopped in sequence;
the control system controls the spiral starting of bin top feeding, the starting of the feeding hoister and the opening of the bin top feeding valve in sequence, and a starting delay is preset between the spiral starting of bin top feeding and the starting of the feeding hoister; the control system controls the closing of the bin top feeding valve, the stopping of the feeding elevator and the stopping of the bin top feeding screw in sequence, and a starting delay is preset between the closing of the bin top feeding valve and the stopping of the feeding elevator;
the method also comprises the following steps of controlling the slag discharging system:
the control system controls a fire grate at the bottom of the gasification furnace to start, receives temperature data and pressure data of a reaction layer in the gasification furnace detected by a thermometer and a pressure gauge arranged on the gasification furnace, and adjusts the rotating speed of the fire grate according to the ratio of the temperature data and the pressure data;
the slag chamber is connected with the grate through a pipeline, the control system receives the material level condition in the slag chamber detected by a material level meter arranged on the slag chamber, and when the slag in the slag chamber is positioned at a low level, the control system controls a slag discharging valve at the bottom of the slag chamber to be closed and opens an air chamber slag discharging valve of the grate; a slag discharging screw for outputting slag is arranged below the slag box, a U-shaped ash discharging screw for outputting the slag in the slag discharging screw is arranged below the slag discharging screw, and when the slag in the slag chamber is positioned at a high position, the control system sequentially controls the U-shaped ash discharging screw to start, the slag discharging screw to start, the air chamber slag discharging valve to close and the slag discharging valve to open;
the control system adjusts the frequency of the slag discharge screw according to the material level condition in the slag chamber, and when the slag in the slag chamber is at a low level, the slag discharge control system automatically slows down the frequency of the slag discharge screw; when the slag in the slag chamber is positioned at a high position, the slag discharging control system automatically adjusts the frequency of the slag discharging screw to be fast;
the control of the ash discharge system is also included:
the gas after reaction in the gasifier is output through the top of the gasifier and sequentially enters a main gas pipeline through a primary cyclone storage and a secondary cyclone storage, a primary ash box connected with the primary cyclone storage is arranged below the primary cyclone storage, a secondary ash box connected with the secondary cyclone storage is arranged below the secondary cyclone storage, an ash reversing spiral for outputting ash in the primary ash box into the secondary ash box is arranged between the primary ash box and the secondary ash box, a cooling ash discharging spiral for outputting ash in the secondary ash box is arranged below the secondary ash box, and the U-shaped ash discharging spiral is positioned below the cooling ash discharging spiral and used for outputting the ash in the cooling ash discharging spiral;
the control system receives the material level conditions in the first-stage ash box and the second-stage ash box detected by material level meters arranged on the first-stage ash box and the second-stage ash box, judges the material level conditions in the second-stage ash box, and controls the reverse ash spiral start, the first-stage ash box start, the U-shaped ash discharge spiral start, the cooling ash discharge spiral start and the opening of an ash discharge valve of the second-stage ash box if the ash material in the second-stage ash box is at a low level; and if the ash material in the secondary ash box is at a high position, the control system stops the primary ash box and the inverse ash screw, and controls the U-shaped ash discharge screw to start and the cooling ash discharge screw to start.
2. The method of controlling a fluidized bed gasifier system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the controlling of the charging system further comprises: the control system receives temperature data and humidity data in the rotary bin detected by a thermometer and a hygrometer arranged on the rotary bin, and automatically adjusts the rotating speed and the bottom hot gas reflux amount of the rotary bin according to the detected data.
3. The method of controlling a fluidized-bed gasification furnace system according to claim 1, further comprising controlling the main body operation system to:
the control system controls a gas switching valve on a main gas pipeline which is connected with the top of the gasification furnace and used for providing gas for a user side to be opened;
the control system receives temperature data in the gasification furnace detected by a thermometer arranged on the gasification furnace, compares the detected data with a standard temperature value, adjusts the feeding speed of a feeding screw used for conveying the raw materials in the rotary bin to the gasification furnace, and controls the temperature in the gasification furnace to be the standard temperature value;
the control system receives gas pressure in the main gas pipeline detected by the pressure gauge arranged on the main gas pipeline, compares the detection data with a standard pressure value, adjusts the blowing speed of a blower for blowing air in the gasification furnace, controls reaction in the gasification furnace and enables the gas pressure in the main gas pipeline to be the standard pressure value.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the feed screw includes a first feed screw and a backup feed screw, and the control system controls the feed screw and further includes selecting the first feed screw or the backup feed screw.
5. The method of controlling a fluidized bed gasifier system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the blower includes a first blower and a backup blower, and the controlling system controls the first blower or the backup blower before the blower.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the control system adjusts the frequency of the inverse gray screw according to the condition of the ash in the primary ash bin, and the control system automatically slows down the frequency of the inverse gray screw when the ash in the primary ash bin is at a low level, and automatically speeds up the frequency of the inverse gray screw when the ash in the primary ash bin is at a high level, and controls the frequency of the inverse gray screw to be zero when no ash is in the primary ash bin.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the control system adjusts the frequency of the cooling ash discharge screw according to the condition of ash in the secondary ash bin, the control system automatically slows the frequency of the cooling ash discharge screw when the ash in the secondary ash bin is at a low level, the control system automatically speeds the frequency of the cooling ash discharge screw when the ash in the secondary ash bin is at a high level, and the control system controls the frequency of the cooling ash discharge screw to be zero when no ash is in the secondary ash bin.
8. The method of controlling a fluidized bed gasifier system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising controlling a gas supply and shut-off system:
when gas supply needs to be stopped, the control system controls a water-relief seal valve on a relief pipeline connected with the main gas pipeline to be opened, closes a gas switching valve on the main gas pipeline, and opens a ceiling lamp igniter and a ceiling lamp gas valve which are positioned at the water-relief seal valve; when gas supply is needed, the gas supply and stop control system controls the gas switching valve on the main gas pipeline to be opened, the water release seal valve is closed, and the ceiling lamp igniter and the ceiling lamp gas valve are closed.
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