RU2460667C1 - Device to collect oil from water surface - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises an oil-spill boat with facilities of oil pumping, a barrier connected by one end with tugboats, and at least two drums with cleaning rollers. The oil-spill boat is arranged in the form of a dock vessel having a hull with decks and a double bottom, inside the hull is divided into a towing and a technological compartments. The towing compartment arranged in a stern part of the dock vessel hull is arranged in the form of a channel framed with walls and two board hangars equipped with gates and partitions. The width of the board hangar is not less than width of the tugboat, and the length is not less than the length providing for location of at least one tugboat. The process compartment is arranged in the form of a hangar limited with a ceiling, side and end walls. In the lower part of the hangar there is a central channel, along upper borders of which there are shelf ledges installed with symmetrical deepening to the right and left. Between the boards of the dock vessel hull and side walls of the central channel there are reservoirs connected with the process compartment. The central channel of the process compartment is equipped at least with two partitions, in which there are tightly closing holes arranged on both levels, at the same time the level of arrangement of tightly closing holes in partitions decreases from the stern to the bow. The barrier is made in the form of a sectional net sleeve filled with an elastic porous adsorbent and equipped with positive buoyancy in the upper edge and negative buoyancy in the lower edge.

EFFECT: possibility to operate at open sea, simplified process of assembly and processing of an oil emulsion.

6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of shipbuilding, in particular to vessels for collecting pollution from the surface of the water, as well as to environmental protection and can be used to localize and collect stains of oil or oil product, including its powerful flow on any water surface. You can use the invention to localize and collect emergency oil spills around offshore oil terminals, offshore oil drilling platforms, as well as to equip oil tankers, offshore drilling platforms.

Known floating oil collector, comprising a housing with bow and stern ends, propulsors in communication with the water supply channel and the transverse channel through the hydraulic valve. An oil collection device is located in the bow. In the central part of the ship’s hull there is a settling tank hydraulically connected through overflow thresholds and openings with a vacuum oil separation and pumping system (Cl. RF No. 2066654, B63B 35/32, publ. 09/20/1996).

A disadvantage of the known device is that the protected design of the oil collector does not allow for the efficient collection of oil products, since the oil collection device located in the bow cannot work during excitement, even at very low speed. The operation of such a device is possible only in the complete absence of excitement, that is, in closed waters. When working on rough seas and inevitable at the same time keel and onboard rolling of the vessel, any device fixed in the bow of the vessel will undergo long-term cyclic vibrations, work "on kink", or with sufficient rigidity, the structure will periodically come off from the surface of the water, which will inevitably lead to care (loss) of the collected oil.

A well-known oil recovery vessel, project 17501, which is a closed steel vessel of a displacement type, smooth-deck, with a single-deckhouse, with a hull divided by four transverse bulkheads into five waterproof compartments, with a twin-shaft diesel power plant and water-jet propulsors.

The vessel is designed to solve the following problems:

- transportation and staging of floating booms;

- reception from ships and transportation to places of processing bilge water and garbage;

- loading and transportation of various goods with a total weight of up to 5 tons;

- Works on spills on the surface of the sea of petroleum products with a flash point above 60 ° (Found on the Internet on December 18 at the address http: // www.stapel.ru/completed/div12/104.html).

The main disadvantage of this device is that it can only work in closed waters and cannot be operated at sea in open waters.

A device for the localization and collection of oil or oil products from the surface of the water, containing an oil recovery vessel with oil pumping means, a hollow flexible boom barrier, the ends of which are connected to the aft parts of the tugs. Two tugboats are used to turn the boom. The oil collector is made in the form of a catamaran, the hull of which is attached to the frame located between them. Inside the frame, on the vertical axes having drives, there is a row of drums along the length of the frame, and at least two rows of drums along its height. A separate boom tape is wound on each drum, having at its ends connecting elements for mechanical interfacing with adjacent tapes, while the boom is made with the possibility of connecting its cavities with a source of compressed air and air discharge from them. The boom has the ability to disconnect from the tugs and lock it in the ring (p. RF №2249078, ЕВВ 15/04, publ. 27.03.2005).

The disadvantages of the known device, first of all, include its low reliability, since the vessel is made in the form of a catamaran and the technological equipment is located on the frame between its floats. It is known that during excitement, the space between the floats is subjected to the greatest loads. Compressed air is pumped into the booms, therefore, sufficiently powerful compressors should be located on the same frame. In the event of damage to the compressor or the drive motor, the compressed air supply will stop, which will cause flooding of the boom. Towing the boom with two tugs will also contribute to the temporary flooding of individual sections of the boom due to the hydrodynamic component of the incoming water flow, fluctuations of the boom sections, when negative angles of “diving” occur in these sections and, as a result, a part of the oil slick passes through the resulting free space . The presence of the above disadvantages makes it difficult to use the known device for collecting oil spills in the open sea. In addition, in the case of the elimination of large oil spills, the device requires a floating tank or tanker.

The problem solved by the invention is the ability to operate the device in the open sea, increasing reliability, productivity while simplifying the process of assembly and processing of oil emulsions.

The problem is solved in that in the known device for collecting oil from the surface of the water, containing a skimmer vessel with means for pumping oil, a barrier connected at one end to tug boats, and at least two drums with cleaning rollers, according to the invention, The oil recovery vessel is designed as a dock vessel having a hull with decks and a double bottom, inside the hull is divided into two compartments - a technological one and a towing one. The towing compartment is located in the aft part of the hull of the docking vessel and is made in the form of a canal framed by walls and two airborne hangars equipped with gates and bulkheads, the width of the airborne hangar is not less than the width of the towing vessel, and the length is not less than the length that ensures placement, at least one tugboat.

The technological department is made in the form of a hangar, bounded by a ceiling, side and end walls, in the lower part of the hangar there is a central channel, on the upper borders of which with ledges left and right in the direction of the casing there are ledge shelves on which technological equipment for processing water- oil emulsion. Between the sides of the hull of the docking vessel and the side walls of the central channel there are containers for collecting oil emulsion, connected by suction pipes to the central channel of the technological department.

The central channel of the technological compartment is equipped with at least two bulkheads in which hermetically sealed openings located at different levels are made, while the level of placement of hermetically sealed openings in the bulkheads decreases from aft to bow.

The fence is made in the form of a sectional net sleeve filled with an elastic porous adsorbent and provided with positive buoyancy in the upper edge of the doubled net fabric, due to which a net sleeve is formed, and negative buoyancy in its lower edge.

Drums with treatment rollers are located in the stern of the docking vessel and are connected to one of the ends of the sectional netting sleeve.

Section net sleeve made detachable.

The sections of the netting sleeve are made different in height, while the sections having a large height are located when unwinding the sleeve closer to the docking vessel.

The upper edge of the mesh sleeve can be equipped with additional buoyancy. Additional buoyancy contributes to the efficient operation of the sectional netting sleeve in stormy conditions and avoids the overlap of oil through the sectional netting sleeve.

At least one ventilation shaft is located in the ceiling of the hangar of the technological department. The ventilation shaft allows you to adjust the level of concentration of associated gases. In the event of an emergency, the technological compartment through the ventilation shaft can be filled with an inert gas or fire fighting compound.

The implementation of the device in the form of a docking vessel provides the possibility of processing water-oil emulsion in a sufficiently large amount directly to the sea and transferring the finished product to the tanker for further transportation.

The separation of the docking vessel into two towing and technological compartments allows the docking vessel to carry small tugboats that cannot move independently at the required speed on the high seas, and are promptly delivered by the docking vessel to the oil spill site, which ultimately ensures fast and high-quality liquidation of oil spills, contributes to solving the problem of environmental protection.

The presence of a channel in the towing compartment, separated by gates into separate compartments, provides the primary accumulation of associated garbage and water-emulsion mixture to a certain concentration, which, in the final result, allows not only to improve the quality of oil collected from the sea surface, but also increases the stability of the dock vessel.

The installation in the central channel of the technological compartment of at least two bulkheads separates it into separate compartments (settling tanks), which allows not only to separate foreign debris from oil, but also contributes to the qualitative separation of oil from water, and the presence of hermetically sealed openings located in the bulkheads at different levels, contributes to the smooth free movement of oil, separated from the water, through the central channel of the technological compartment into the compartment located next to the bow of the hull of the dock, and, as As a result, oil is collected in this compartment, which is almost completely separated from the water fraction.

Shelves-ledges, located on the upper borders of the central channel with a symmetrical recess to the right and left towards the body, serve as the foundation for the placement of technological equipment and contribute to the safe movement of maintenance personnel.

The use of a sectional net sleeve filled with an adsorbent as a barrier allows the continuous collection of spilled oil products from a large area, up to half a kilometer. It also provides temporary protection for oil spills, under the conditions of towing this sectional net hose by tugboats and oil slick concentration. When the concentration of the oil slick is increased and it is transferred to the towing channel, the net sleeve prevents oil from escaping beyond the net sleeve, since the elastic porous adsorbent is placed in a double net power frame, which is supported in a vertical position due to positive buoyancy placed along the upper edge of the net sleeve, and negative buoyancy placed in its lower edge. The use of an elastic porous adsorbent allows you to absorb and hold a significant amount of oil, and is also an obstacle for the passage of oil into the cleaned space during towing and directing it into the channel of the towing compartment.

The implementation of the mesh sleeve sectional provides ease of maintenance and manufacture of barriers, performing the role of open-hubs in the collection of oil. In addition, this makes it possible to use sections of different heights in the barrier, which allows the oil layer of a greater thickness to be held directly at the stern of the hull of the docking vessel. The net shape allows you to evenly fix the adsorbent inside the sleeve, to avoid windows and oil leakage through it. Moreover, the simplicity of the design of the net sleeve allows it to be manufactured directly on the docking vessel and to repair it if damaged directly on the docking vessel.

The presence of tanks and a double bottom in the docking vessel allows the accumulation of finished refined product (oil) for its further transportation.

Drums can be placed in the stern of the vessel, they can be installed in two or more. The drums are equipped with squeezing rollers, which allow the oil to be squeezed out from the adsorbent when sampling a sectional net sleeve on board at the end of work, or during repair, or their replacement.

A device for collecting oil from the surface of the water is illustrated by the following drawings.

Figure 1 presents a top view of the ship dock with a slit; figure 2 is a view of the ship dock from the stern, a section; figure 3 - diagram of the fence; figure 4 - diagram of the collection of oil spills by ship-dock.

The device for collecting oil from the water surface is made in the form of a docking vessel having a hull 1 with decks 2 and a double bottom 3, inside the hull 1 is divided into two compartments - technological 4 and towing 5.

The towing compartment 5 is located in the aft part of the hull of the docking vessel and is made in the form of a channel 6 framed by walls 7 and two airborne 8 hangars equipped with separate 9 gates and bulkheads 10, while the width of the airborne 8 hangar is not less than the width of the towing vessel 11 , and the length is not less than the length, ensuring the placement of at least one tugboat 11.

Technological compartment 4 is made in the form of a hangar 12, bounded by a ceiling 13, equipped with a ventilation shaft 14, side 15 and end walls 16; in the lower part of the hangar 12 there is a central channel 17, along the upper borders of the central channel 17 with a symmetrical recess to the right and left towards the hull there are ledges-ledges 18 on which technological equipment is located (not indicated in the drawing) for processing oil-water emulsion; between the lateral 15 walls of the central 17 channel and the side of the housing 1 there are tanks 19 for collecting oil, connected by suction pipes (not indicated in the drawing) of pumps for pumping water and oil with the central 17 channel of the technological 4 compartment.

Inside the channel 6 of the towing compartment 5, a gate 20 is installed to close the stern of the towing compartment. The central 17 channel of the technological 4 compartment is equipped with at least two bulkheads 10, with the formation of compartments, temporary sedimentation tanks for oil emulsions. The bulkheads 10 are hermetically sealed openings 21 located at different levels, while the level of placement of the hermetically sealed openings in the bulkheads 10 is reduced from the stern to the bow of the hull 1 of the dock vessel. To enable spontaneous flow of oil from one sump to another, the openings 21 in the bulkheads 10 are arranged at different levels in steps, with the openings in the bow located closer to the double bottom 3 of the housing 1 than in the aft.

Technological equipment located on the ledges 18 is available for maintenance and control. Decks 2 contain equipment and a laboratory for monitoring the quality of oil and water discharged overboard, as well as living quarters for personnel (not indicated in the drawing).

The fence is made in the form of a sectional net 22 sleeve filled with an elastic porous adsorbent 23 and provided with a positive buoyancy 24 in the upper edge, which is formed due to the doubling of the net web, and a negative 25 buoyancy in its lower edge. Section 26 of the sectional net 22 sleeve made detachable. The upper edge of the sectional net 22 sleeve, it is also a positive buoyancy 24, can be equipped with additional buoyancy (not shown in the drawing).

Drums 27 with treatment rollers (not indicated in the drawing) are located in the stern of the docking vessel 1 and are connected to one of the sections 26 of the net sectional 22 sleeve.

The device operates as follows.

Upon arrival of the docking vessel to the oil spill site, the captain submerges the stern of the docking vessel and gives the command to open the gates of 9 airborne hangars 8. Both tug boats 11 leave the airborne 8 hangars, dragging sections 26 of the section net 22 hoses, reeling them from drums 27. The number of exposed sections 26 of a sectional net 22 sleeve is comparable with the size of the treated space (spilled oil product stains). Whenever possible, tugboats 11 extend sections 26 of the net 22 hoses, placing them to the right and left of the hull 1 of the docking vessel so that the oil slick 28 is located between the tugboats 11. The oil slick 28 is covered by a sectional net 22 sleeves, acting as opener-hubs, due to its design when reeling from drums 27. The upper edge of the sectional net 22 sleeves, equipped with positive 24 buoyancy, and the lower edge, equipped with negative 25 buoyancy They move and hold on the water the upper edge of the netting 22 of the sleeve filled with elastic porous adsorbent 23, as a result of which the escape of oil beyond the barrier is prevented. The deployed boom not only prevents the escape of oil behind it, but partially adsorbs it with an elastic porous adsorbent 23. After the oil slick is inside the fence from the sectional net 22, gates 9 are closed in the docking vessel and gates 20 open. And the docking vessel begins to move in the same direction as the tugboats 11, but stern ahead. In the process of movement of the “system” of vessels, the docking vessel and two tugboats go at the same speed, the oil slick moves to the stern of the docking vessel. Due to the fact that the sections 26 of the sectional net 22 hoses, located closer to the stern of the docking vessel, have a large height, still, despite the concentration of the oil slick, the exit of oil beyond the barrier is prevented. And while the barrier ensures the movement of the oil slick to the entrance to the channel 6, framed by the walls 7, of the towing compartment 5. The increase in the thickness of the oil film is due to the oncoming flow, accumulated in the channel 6 of the towing compartment 5, the oil through the holes 21 in the bulkhead 10 installed in the towing compartment 5, gravity drains into the first compartment (sump) of the technological compartment 4. Due to the installation of several bulkheads 10 in the central channel 17 of the technological 4 compartment, compartments are formed - "settlers", which contribute to the separation of oil from the oil emulsion. Then open the hermetically sealed openings 21 in all bulkheads 10 of the central 17 channel of the technological 4 compartment. As oil accumulates in the first compartment (sump), due to the fact that the holes 21 in the next bulkhead 10 are lower than in the previous bulkhead 10, oil flows by gravity to the next compartment (sump) of the technological compartment 4, from where it moves to the next. The oil concentration increases as it moves to the compartment (sump) located in the bow of the housing 1 of the technological 4 compartment. As this compartment (sump) is filled, technological equipment (separators, ejectors, pumps, etc.) is included on the ledges 18, which processes the collected oil emulsion to produce pure oil and purified water. Oil through the suction nozzles of the pumps is pumped into a tank 19 or a double bottom 3, and the purified water is drained overboard. Before draining overboard, the quality of purified water is checked in a laboratory located on one of decks 2.

Upon completion of the collection of the spilled oil slick 28, the tugboats 11 begin the reverse movement to the docking vessel, while the sections 26 of the netting 22 of the hose are wound onto the drums 27 after passing through the treatment rollers (not shown in the drawing). When passing through the treatment rollers, the collected oil is squeezed out of the elastic porous adsorbent 23, accumulates in the pan (not indicated in the drawing). Then from there it is pumped out and, passing through the separators, enters the tank 19, and the purified water after laboratory control is poured overboard. The sectional net 22 sleeve is completely wound onto the drum, the last sections 26 attached to the towing vessels 11 are disconnected from them. The ship-dock creates trim on the stern and the towing vessels 11 return to their regular places, the gates 9 and 20 are closed, the openings 21 in the bulkheads are also hermetically closed 10. The ship-dock aligns the trim and is ready to move to another area to the place of the next oil spill spots.

The inventive device can be used to collect oil on the high seas, it not only quickly moves funds to collect oil, but also takes on a significant amount of oil. At the same time, the docking vessel also provides the possibility of separating oil from water, and the technological equipment located on the shelves of the docking vessel allows you to get clean water, which significantly increases the efficiency of the ship on spills. On a developed docking vessel, people of various social levels can be involved, it is possible to use the most modern oil collection automation systems, remote control of tugboats.

Claims (6)

1. A device for collecting oil from the surface of the water, comprising an oil recovery vessel with oil pumping means, a boom connected at one end to tug boats, and at least two drums with treatment rollers, characterized in that the oil recovery vessel is made in the form of a docking vessel having a hull with decks and a double bottom, inside the hull is divided into towing and technological departments; the towing compartment located in the aft part of the hull of the docking vessel is made in the form of a channel framed by walls and two airborne hangars equipped with gates and bulkheads, while the width of the airborne hangar is not less than the width of the towing vessel, and the length is not less than the length that ensures placement at least one tugboat; the technological department is made in the form of a hangar, bounded by a ceiling, side and end walls, in the lower part of the hangar there is a central channel, on the upper borders of which there are ledges-ledges with symmetrical recesses to the right and left towards the body; between the sides of the hull of the docking vessel and the side walls of the central channel placed tanks connected to the technological department; the central channel of the technological compartment is equipped with at least two bulkheads in which hermetically sealed openings are located at different levels, while the level of placement of hermetically sealed openings in the bulkheads decreases from aft to bow; the barrier is made in the form of a sectional net sleeve filled with an elastic porous adsorbent and provided with positive buoyancy in the upper edge and negative buoyancy in its lower edge. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drums with treatment rollers are placed in the aft of the dock. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sectional net sleeve is made detachable. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections of the net sleeve are made different in height, while the sections having a large height are located when it is unwound closer to the docking vessel. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one ventilation shaft is located in the ceiling of the hangar. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper edge of the sectional net sleeve, formed due to the doubling of the net fabric, is provided with additional buoyancy.

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