RU2455567C1 - Production system for municipal solid waste disposal - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building. ^ SUBSTANCE: complex comprises a consistently installed hopper with a loading device, a furnace for incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW), a post-combustion chamber, a heat exchanger for heating the combustion air, a waste heat recovery unit, a bag filter, a smoke exhauster and a chimney, as well as a catalytic unit, means of feeding the fuel, compressed air and feed water, a waste incineration facility, a ventilation system connected to the chimney in front of the bag filter, and equipment to supply liquor into the afterburning chamber. The complex is equipped with a loading hopper, appliances for sorting of large and small fractions of MSW of the specified size, transport conveyors, sorting conveyors and warehouse for sorted municipal solid waste. At the same time the hopper with a loader located in the warehouse for the sorted MSW, the waste heat exchanger of the combustion air is installed in a duct standpipe of the afterburning chamber and the waste heat recovery unit is installed next to the afterburner chamber. The catalytic unit is installed next to the bag filter alongside with the course of the gas. In the downtake duct of the post-combustion chamber a heat exchanger "smoke-smoke" is installed, whose input is connected to the chimney after the bag filter and the output is connected to the inlet of the catalytic unit. Between the bag filter and heat exchanger "smoke-smoke" an additional exhauster is installed, and next to the catalytic apparatus an additional heat exchanger is installed. ^ EFFECT: increased reliability and efficiency of processing of municipal solid waste. ^ 6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The inventive object relates to waste recycling and can be used for the disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) to produce secondary heat in the form of steam or for heating and hot water supply.

The closest set of features to the claimed object is a waste incinerator selected as a prototype, comprising a loading hopper with a loading device, a solid domestic waste incinerator, an afterburner, a combustion air heat recovery unit, a heat exchanger, a bag filter, a smoke exhauster and a smoke exhaust the pipe. The installation also contains a catalytic apparatus, means for supplying fuel, compressed air and feed water, means for removing waste from combustion, a ventilation system connected to the chimney in front of the bag filter. Nozzles for injecting an alkaline solution are introduced into the afterburner and into the chimney behind the catalytic apparatus. The dry pre-filter is made in the form of an inertial-vortex dust collector; heat recovery unit, includes several heat recovery units and economizer; the incineration waste incineration system is made in the form of two conveyors and a container for collecting ash and slag; the air purification system of the working room includes a roof space ventilation device, combined by an air duct with a heat recovery unit recuperator; the system for cleaning air from ash and slag includes a ventilation device for the conveyer overflow zone, combined by an air duct with a chimney in front of the bag filter. The steam of the recovery boiler can be used to generate electricity (Ukrainian patent No. 3529, IPC (2006) F23G 5/00, published on November 15, 2004, Bulletin No. 11).

The claimed object and the prototype match the following essential features. The devices comprise a sequentially installed loading hopper with a loading device, a solid domestic waste incinerator, an afterburner, a combustion air heat recovery unit, a heat exchanger, a bag filter, a smoke exhauster and a chimney, as well as a catalytic apparatus, means for supplying fuel, compressed air and feed water, means for removing waste from the combustion system, a ventilation system connected to the chimney in front of the bag filter, and equipment for supplying an alkaline solution to the afterburner.

Analysis of the technical properties of the prototype, due to its features, shows that the following reasons hinder the receipt of the expected technical result when using the prototype. The lack of solid waste in front of the loading device does not allow for the continuous processing of solid waste, and the use of only a rotary kiln does not provide for the processing of solid waste with high productivity. If large pieces of construction and household waste or glass get into the loading device and the furnace, it reduces the reliability of the MSW processing complex and can lead to an accident and, as a result, to a decrease in the productivity of MSW processing. A vortex apparatus installed in front of the catalyst does not provide reliable catalyst operation. Placing the catalyst behind the coarse gas pre-cleaner does not prevent the catalyst from clogging with dust, which reduces its effectiveness. This leads to the release into the atmosphere of extremely harmful compounds such as dioxins. Periodic cleaning of the catalyst with compressed air is ineffective, and such a solution is unacceptable for long-term operation of the catalyst. All this leads to a decrease in the reliability and efficiency of processing solid waste.

The claimed object is based on the task of creating such an industrial complex for the disposal of municipal solid waste, in which improvement by introducing new elements and changing the relative positions of the elements will make it possible to achieve a technical result when using the inventive object, which is to increase the reliability and efficiency of processing solid waste.

The inventive production complex for the disposal of municipal solid waste contains a sequentially installed loading hopper with a loading device, an oven for burning solid household waste, a afterburner, a recuperator of heating combustion air, a heat exchanger, a bag filter, a smoke exhauster and a chimney. The complex also contains a catalytic apparatus, means for supplying fuel, compressed air and feed water, a means for removing combustion waste, a ventilation system connected to the chimney in front of the bag filter, and equipment for supplying an alkaline solution to the afterburner. A distinctive feature is the following. The complex is equipped with a receiving hopper, devices for sorting large and small fractions of solid waste of a given size, transport conveyors, a sorting conveyor and a warehouse for sorted solid household waste. At the same time, a loading hopper with a loading device is located in the warehouse for sorted municipal solid waste. The recuperator for heating the combustion air is installed in the downstream duct of the afterburner, and the heat exchanger is installed behind the afterburner. The catalytic apparatus is installed after the bag filter along the gas flow. A smoke-smoke heat exchanger is installed in the lowering gas duct of the afterburner, the inlet of which is connected to the chimney after the bag filter, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the catalytic apparatus. An additional smoke exhauster is installed between the bag filter and the smoke-smoke heat exchanger, and an additional heat exchanger is installed behind the catalytic apparatus.

In some cases, the execution of the claimed object is characterized in that:

- the heat exchanger and the additional heat exchanger are made in the form of series-connected water-heating heat exchangers;

- a heat exchanger and an additional heat exchanger are made of steam with economizers and evaporation surfaces, which are connected to a common drum-separator by the downpipes and lifting pipes, and a superheater is mounted in the smoke-smoke heat exchanger, connected by a saturated steam pipeline to the drum-separator and a superheated steam pipeline with the consumer, while the feed water pipe through the control valve and economizers is connected to the drum-separator;

- the device for sorting large fractions of municipal solid waste is made in the form of a grid located above the receiving hopper, with a mesh size of about 300 ÷ 350 mm, and the device for sorting small fractions of municipal solid waste is made in the form of an inclined rotating cylindrical sieve with a cell size of about 70 ÷ 90 mm, while an ultraviolet emitter is built into the sieve to disinfect solid waste.

- the furnace for burning solid household waste is made in the form of a chamber furnace with a mechanized grate;

- the furnace for burning solid waste is made in the form of a rotary kiln.

When using the proposed facility, the achievement of a technical result is achieved, which consists in increasing the reliability and efficiency of processing solid waste.

Between the set of essential features of the claimed object and the achieved technical result there is such a causal relationship. Providing the complex with a receiving hopper, devices for sorting large and small fractions of solid waste of a given size, transport conveyors, a sorting conveyor and a warehouse for sorted solid household waste, as well as the location of the loading hopper with a loading device in the warehouse for sorted solid household waste, can be provided in front of the loading the device is a constant supply of solid waste, cleaned of large pieces of construction and household waste, sand and clay to ensure bezav malarial continuous recycling of MSW with high productivity.

Placement of the combustion air heat recovery heat exchanger in the downstream gas duct of the afterburner, and the heat exchanger behind the afterburner; installation of the catalytic apparatus after the bag filter along the gas; installation in the downcomer of the afterburner of the smoke-smoke heat exchanger, the inlet of which is connected to the chimney after the bag filter, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the catalytic apparatus; the installation of an additional smoke exhauster between the bag filter and the smoke-smoke heat exchanger, and an additional heat exchanger behind the catalytic apparatus ensures high efficiency of the catalytic apparatus without cleaning it with compressed air, reducing the emission of harmful organic compounds into the atmosphere and reducing the consumption of expensive catalyst during long-term operation due to passing it through a catalyst for gas purified from dust in a bag filter to a dust content of 5 ÷ 10 mg / nm ³ and smoke heated in a heat exchanger smoke up to 500 ÷ 600 ° С. At the same time, the above-mentioned combustion air heating recuperator, heat exchanger, smoke-smoke heat exchanger and additional heat exchanger make it possible to ensure efficient continuous processing of solid waste at any required capacity and different conditions of use of the generated heat energy.

The implementation of the heat exchanger and the additional heat exchanger in the form of series-connected water-heating heat exchangers with series-connected economizers ensures the production of hot water with a temperature of up to 150 ° C due to secondary heat.

If the heat exchanger and the additional heat exchanger are made with steam with economizers and evaporating surfaces, which are connected to the common drum-separator by the down pipes and lifting pipes, and a steam superheater is mounted in the smoke-smoke heat exchanger, which is connected to the saturated steam line with the drum-separator and the superheated steam pipeline with the consumer, and at the same time the feed water pipe is connected to the drum-separator through a control valve and economizers, this allows floor cheniya from secondary resources of superheated steam of any parameters.

A device for sorting large fractions of municipal solid waste in the form of a grid located above the receiving hopper with a mesh size of about 300 ÷ 350 mm, and a device for sorting small fractions of municipal solid waste in the form of an inclined rotating cylindrical sieve with a cell size of about 70 ÷ 90 mm and the placement of an ultraviolet emitter in a sieve for disinfection of solid household waste provides for the further sorting and processing of disinfected solid waste without large pieces of construction household dust, sand and clay, impeding the work of sorting and incineration equipment.

The design of a furnace for burning solid household waste in the form of a chamber furnace with a mechanized grate, made, for example, roller or pusher, is advisable when burning solid waste with a capacity of more than 5 t / h, while a rotary kiln is suitable for a capacity of less than 5 t / h .

The presence of preliminary solid waste preparation allows us to extract useful raw materials and to exclude the possibility of objects getting into the loading device of the furnace and the furnace itself, which can lead to equipment breakdown, and thereby provide an additional economic effect of processing by utilizing the raw materials and also by increasing the service life equipment. The presence of an ultraviolet emitter for disinfection of municipal solid waste in the cavity of a rotating sieve, as well as the presence of suction when unloading solid waste from a rotating sieve and when moving waste on a sorting conveyor with the cleaning of suction emissions in general for the entire bag filter line, ensure the safe operation of sorters and reduce harmful air emissions. The installation of a catalytic apparatus after a bag filter and a smoke-smoke heat exchanger ensures the neutralization of heavy hydrocarbon vapors, including chlorinated ones, and reduces the consumption of expensive catalyst during long-term (at least two years) operation. The design options of the furnace and heat exchangers provided allow you to choose any model for using the generated heat energy for any required MSW processing capacity.

The essence of the claimed object is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

- figure 1 is a General diagram of the installation;

- figure 2 is a diagram of the inclusion of hot water heat exchangers in the heat supply network;

- figure 3 is a diagram of the connection of steam generating heat exchangers to a feed water network and a superheater.

The following notation is affixed to the diagrams:

1 - MSW receiving hopper;

2 - lattice;

3 - unloading conveyor;

4 - estrus;

5 - rotating sieve;

6 - ultraviolet emitter;

7 - estrus;

8 - estrus casing;

9 - conveyor;

10 - estrus;

11 - suction pipe;

12 - distribution throttle valve;

13 - sorting conveyor;

14 - jobs sorters;

15 - warehouse for sorted solid waste;

16 - clamshell crane;

17 - loading hopper;

18 - boot device;

19 - a furnace for burning solid waste;

20 - afterburner;

21 - fuel burners;

22 - fuel supply pipe;

23 - a pipeline for supplying hot air;

24 - shutter;

25 - slag conveyor;

26 - smoke-to-smoke heat exchanger;

27 - a recuperator for heating combustion air;

28 - blow fan;

29 - throttle pressure control in the furnace;

30 - heat recovery unit;

31 - valve emergency air intake;

32 - bag filter;

33 - additional exhaust fan;

34 - catalytic apparatus;

35 - additional heat recovery unit;

36 - smoke exhaust;

37 - chimney;

38 - return heating pipeline;

39 - control valve;

40 - heated water pipeline;

41 - economizer;

42 - evaporation surface;

43 - drum separator;

44 - lowering pipeline;

45 - lifting pipelines;

46 - superheater;

47 - steam pipe saturated steam;

48 - steam pipe superheated steam;

49 - feedwater pipe;

50 - control valve;

51 - tank alkaline solution;

52 - pump;

53 - pipeline alkaline solution;

54 - nozzle.

The industrial complex for the disposal of municipal solid waste contains a receiving hopper 1 with a device for sorting large fractions of municipal solid waste, made in the form of a grid 2 located above the receiving hopper 1 with a cell of about 300 × 300 mm. Under the hopper 1, an unloading conveyor 3 is mounted, which can be plate or belt. At the exit of the unloading conveyor 3, a estrus 4 is located, behind which there is a device for sorting small fractions of municipal solid waste, made in the form of an inclined rotating cylindrical sieve with a mesh size of about 80 mm. In the cavity of the sieve installed stationary ultraviolet emitter 6 for disinfection of municipal solid waste. Under the rotating sieve 5 there is a estrus 7 with a casing 8, under which a conveyor 9 is mounted. At the outlet of the rotating sieve 5 there is a estrus 10 with a casing similar to the casing 8. An aspiration pipe 11 with distribution throttle valves 12 is discharged from the cages. A sorting conveyor is installed behind the estrus 10. 13, along which jobs are provided for sorters 14. The conveyor 13 ends in a warehouse 15 for sorted MSW, in which a clamshell crane 16 is installed. In the warehouse 15 for sorted MSW there is a loading b unker 17 with a loading device 18 entering the solid waste burning furnace 19, behind which there is a post-combustion chamber 20. In the solid waste burning furnace 19 and after-burning chamber 20, fuel burners 21 with fuel supply pipes 22 and hot air supply pipes 23 are installed. Burners 21 can be gas or liquid fuel.

Under the bunkers of the afterburning chamber 20, there are valves 24 and a conveyor for collecting slag 25. The discharge point is closed by a casing connected to the suction pipe 11. A smoke-smoke heat exchanger 26 is installed in the downstream gas duct of the afterburning chamber 20, and a combustion air heat exchanger is installed downstream of it 27. In the chimney behind the afterburner 20, a throttle 29 for regulating the pressure in the furnace is mounted, after which a heat exchanger 30 is installed, which can be steam or hot water. Before gas cleaning, an emergency air suction valve 31 is installed, behind which a bag filter 32 is installed. An aspiration pipe 11 is inserted into the chimney before the bag filter 32. An additional smoke exhauster 33 is installed between the bag filter 32 and the smoke-smoke heat exchanger 26. After the bag filter 32, the smoke exchanger smoke 26 in the direction of clean gas, a catalytic apparatus 34 is installed. The input of the smoke-smoke heat exchanger 26 is connected to the chimney after the bag filter 32, and the outlet is connected to the input of the catalytic apparatus 34. Behind the catalytic apparatus 34 along the clean gas mounted additional heat exchanger 35 (steam or hot water), exhaust fan 36 and chimney 37.

In a separate case, the heat recovery unit and the additional heat recovery unit are made in the form of series-connected water heat recovery units. When installing a hot water heat exchanger 30 and a hot water additional heat exchanger 35 (Fig. 2), the water inlet is connected to the return heating pipe 38 with control valves 39, and the water heated in the heat exchanger enters the heated water pipe 40 for supplying the consumer.

In a separate case, the heat exchanger 30 and the additional heat exchanger 35 (Fig. 3) are made steam and each of them includes an economizer 41 and an evaporation surface 42, which are connected to a common drum-separator 43 by downpipes 44 and lifting pipelines 45. In the smoke-smoke heat exchanger 26, a superheater 46 is mounted, connected by a saturated steam pipe 47 to a drum separator 43 and a superheated steam pipe 48 with a consumer. The feed water pipe 49 with control valves 50 is connected to the economizers 41 and further to the separator drum 43.

A pump 52 is located under the alkaline solution tank 51, which is connected by an alkaline solution pipe 53 to a nozzle 54 installed in the afterburner 20.

The industrial complex for the disposal of municipal solid waste works as follows. MSW is delivered by garbage trucks and dumped onto grate 2 of the receiving hopper 1. The grate detains large objects of construction and household garbage that are cleaned in between the arrival of garbage trucks. Then, from the receiving hopper 1, the solid waste by the conveyor 3 through the estrus 4 is continuously fed into the rotating sieve 5, where sand, clay, small stones, etc. are removed from the solid waste that enter through the estrus 7 to the conveyor 9. In the rotating sieve 5, the garbage is decontaminated with ultraviolet emitter 6. MSW without small fractions from the rotating sieve 5 through the estrus 10 is discharged to a sorting conveyor 13. In order to avoid dusting, estruses 7 and 10 are enclosed in casings 8, from which the contaminated air is sucked off by the suction pipe 11 with the distribution unit installed on it edelitelnymi throttle valves 12 that serve for the distribution of sucked air between sources dusting. The suction pipe 11 is embedded in the chimney in front of the bag filter 32.

Along the sorting conveyor 13, jobs are located for sorters 14, and, in some cases, equipment for magnetic and electromagnetic metal separation (not shown in the drawings) can be placed, where ferrous and non-ferrous metal, glass, and other raw materials are extracted from solid waste. Sorted solid waste sorting conveyor 13 are delivered to the warehouse for sorted solid waste 15, where they are stored. From the warehouse for sorted solid waste 15 using a grab crane 16 with a multi-jaw grab, the waste is loaded into the loading hopper 17. From the loading hopper 17 the solid waste loading device 18 is continuously or periodically fed into the solid waste burning chamber 19 (rotating or chamber with a mechanical lattice made of a roller or repulsive), where they are burned at a temperature of 850 ÷ 950 ° C with the supply of air heated to 350 ÷ 400 ° C from the recuperator of heating combustion air 27. The combustion products from the furnace enter the afterburner 20, in which alive temperature of 900 ÷ 1100 ° C. The necessary temperature in the furnace (850 ÷ 950 ° С) and in the afterburner (900 ÷ 1100 ° С), as well as the processes of drying and heating the lining before starting work, are provided with the help of fuel burners 21, which, depending on specific conditions, operate on natural gas or liquid fuel. Heated air is supplied to the furnace and burners from the fan 28 through a combustion air heat exchanger 27 through a hot air supply pipe 23. In the afterburning chamber 20, alkaline solution prepared in an alkaline tank is injected into the afterburning chamber 20 to bind the acid harmful substances entering the smoke during the combustion of solid waste solution 51 and entering the nozzle 54 using the pump 52 through the pipeline alkaline solution 53.

In the lowering flue of the afterburning chamber 20, a smoke-smoke 26 heat exchanger is installed, in which the flue gases after the afterburning chamber are cooled from 900 ÷ 1100 ° C to 600 ÷ 700 ° C by heating the cleaned smoke after the bag filter 32 from 130 ÷ 180 ° C to 550 ÷ 600 ° C. Behind the smoke-smoke heat exchanger 26 along the gas in the combustion air heat exchanger 27, the flue gases are cooled to 300 ÷ 500 ° C and enter the heat exchanger 30 to generate heat energy in the form of steam or hot water. Slag and ash from under the afterburner and recuperator are periodically discharged through shutters 24 to the slag conveyor 25. Unloading places are closed by a casing connected to a common suction pipe 11 through a distribution throttle valve.

Flue gases from the heat exchanger 30, diluted in front of the bag filter with suction air from the suction pipe 11 to 120 ÷ 180 ° C, are cleaned in the bag filter 32 with a residual dust content of up to 5 mg / nm ³ . If the temperature of the smoke in front of the filter is higher than the permissible value, the smoke is additionally diluted with outside air entering through the emergency air intake valve 31.

Purified smoke after the bag filter 32 is transported by an additional smoke exhaust fan 33 to a smoke-smoke heat exchanger 26, after which it passes through a catalytic apparatus 34 with a temperature of 550 ÷ 600 ° C, where vapors of organic compounds and carbon monoxide burn out unburned in the afterburner. Flue gases after the catalytic apparatus 34 enter the additional heat exchanger 35 to generate heat in the form of steam or hot water, and then the exhaust fan 36 is released into the atmosphere through the chimney 37.

When installing a hot water heat exchanger 30 and a hot water additional heat exchanger 35 (Fig. 2), the heated water comes from the return heating pipe 38 and is distributed between the heat exchangers using control valves 39 so that the temperature of the water heating after each heat exchanger is approximately the same. Heated water enters the heated water pipe 40 of the heating system.

When steam boilers are installed as a heat exchanger 30 and an additional heat exchanger 35 (Fig. 3), the feed water from the deaeration and feed plant (not shown in the drawings) through the feed water pipe 49, with the control valves 50 installed on it, enters the economizers 41, and of them into the drum-separator 43, common to two heat exchangers. The purpose of the control valves 50 is to distribute the water between the heat exchangers in proportion to the heat load, as well as to maintain the set water level in the separator drum 43. The flue gases pass sequentially through the evaporator surfaces 42 and then through the economizers 41. The circulation in the evaporator surfaces 42 is natural. Water from the separator drum 43 through the bypass pipes 44 enters the lower manifolds of the evaporating surfaces 42. From the upper collectors of the evaporating surfaces 42 the steam-water mixture through the riser 45 enters the drum-separator 43, from where the separated steam is fed through the saturated steam pipe 47 to the superheater 46, placed between the blocks of the heat exchanger smoke-smoke 26 in the temperature zone 800 ÷ 900 ° C. From the superheater 46, superheated steam is sent to the consumer via the superheated steam line 48.

As part of one enterprise for the disposal of solid waste, several claimed production facilities for the disposal of solid waste can be installed. In this case, the number of sets of equipment of production lines, indicated by positions 1-15 and 51-54, may be less than the number of sets of equipment, indicated by positions 16-50, due to the use of the same equipment to ensure the operation of nearby production complexes.

Claims (6)

1. A production complex for the disposal of municipal solid waste, containing a sequentially installed loading hopper with a charging device, an oven for burning solid household waste, an afterburner, a combustion air heat recovery unit, a heat exchanger, a bag filter, a smoke exhauster and a chimney, as well as a catalytic apparatus, means supply of fuel, compressed air and feed water, a means of removing waste from the combustion system, a ventilation system connected to the chimney in front of the bag filter, and equipment for feeding full-time solution into the afterburner, characterized in that the complex is equipped with a receiving hopper, devices for sorting large and small fractions of municipal solid waste of a given size, transport conveyors, a sorting conveyor and a warehouse for sorted municipal solid waste, while the loading hopper with a loading device is located in for sorted municipal solid waste, the recuperator for heating the combustion air is installed in the lowering duct of the afterburner, and the heat exchanger is installed behind afterburning chamber, the catalytic apparatus is installed after the baghouse filter along the gas flow; a smoke-smoke heat exchanger is installed in the downstream gas duct of the afterburning chamber; additional smoke exhaust, and an additional heat exchanger is installed behind the catalytic apparatus. 2. The production complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger and the additional heat exchanger are made in the form of series-connected water heat exchangers. 3. The production complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger and the additional heat exchanger are made with steam with economizers and evaporation surfaces, which are connected to a common drum-separator by lowering pipes and lifting pipes, and a superheater is mounted in the smoke-smoke heat exchanger, connected by a saturated steam line steam with a separator drum and a superheated steam pipeline with a consumer, while the feed water pipe is connected to the drum through a control valve and economizers -separator. 4. The production complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for sorting large fractions of municipal solid waste is made in the form of a grid located above the receiving hopper with a mesh size of about 300 ÷ 350 mm, and the device for sorting small fractions of municipal solid waste is made in the form inclined rotating cylindrical sieve with a mesh size of about 70 ÷ 90 mm, while an ultraviolet emitter is integrated into the sieve for disinfecting solid household waste. 5. The manufacturing complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the furnace for burning solid household waste is made in the form of a chamber furnace with a mechanized grate. 6. The manufacturing complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the furnace for burning solid waste is made in the form of a rotary kiln.

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