RU2385439C1 - Installation for thermal destruction of pesticides - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: installation consists of loading mechanism, of furnace with loading gate, of shutter for loading gate sealing, of afterburner, of vortex device, of catalyst reactor, of recuperator, of gas cooler, of sleeve filter, of smoke exhauster and of chimney. The loading mechanism consists of a sluice chamber connected with the loading gate, of a driven platform installed in the sluice chamber and of a driven load feeding unit. The load feeding unit consists of a load trough-shaped tray mounted from the side of the inlet into the sluice chamber and rotating around axis in the direction of the loading gate; also the tray seals the inlet into the sluice chamber.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of catching and neutralisation of decomposition products generated at unusable pesticides and similar chemical substances burning.

2 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the destruction of specific solid waste by burning and can be used to destroy unsuitable pesticides and similar chemicals.

Closest to the claimed invention, according to the totality of the features, the installation for the neutralization of pesticides and pesticides and similar chemicals was selected as a prototype. This installation comprises a loading mechanism, a fluidized bed furnace with a loading window, a drive valve mounted on the furnace for sealing the loading window. The loading mechanism is connected by a trench to the furnace for burning pesticides. For grinding and moving pesticides, the loading mechanism is equipped with a mill and a screw pusher. A burner and a nozzle for supplying heated air in the recuperator are located in the fluidized bed furnace. The upper part of the furnace is an afterburner, which is connected to a vortex apparatus for preliminary purification of flue gases. The installation also contains a catalytic reactor for cleaning flue gases from unburned organic toxins, a recuperator, a gas cooler, a bag filter for fine cleaning of flue gases from small dust particles, a smoke exhauster and a chimney (description of the invention to Ukrainian patent application for utility model No. 12783 U, publ. 01/30/2006, bull. No. 2).

In the claimed object and prototype, such essential features coincide. Both plants contain a loading mechanism, a furnace with a loading window, a drive valve for sealing the loading window, an afterburner, a vortex apparatus for preliminary cleaning of flue gases, a catalytic reactor for cleaning flue gases from unburned organic toxins, a recuperator, a gas cooler, a bag filter, a smoke exhauster and a smoke the pipe.

Analysis of the technical properties of the prototype, due to its features, shows that the receipt of the expected technical result when using the prototype is impeded by such reasons. The known installation does not provide sufficiently high environmental safety, which is caused by the ingress of dust of pesticides generated by grinding pesticides with a mill and the movement of pesticides with a screw pusher, as well as the ingress of untreated flue gases into the surrounding space from the open loading window of the furnace when pesticides are loaded into the furnace. In addition, periodic depressurization of the furnace loading window to load another portion of pesticides leads to rarefaction fluctuations in a sequentially installed vortex apparatus for preliminary purification of flue gases, a catalytic reactor for purifying flue gases from unburned organic toxins, and in a bag filter for fine cleaning of flue gases from fine particles dust, which, in turn, reduces the efficiency of the capture and neutralization of decomposition products generated by the burning of unsuitable nuclei imikates and similar chemicals.

The basis of the claimed invention is the task of creating such a plant for the thermal destruction of pesticides, in which improvements by introducing new elements make it possible to use the invention to achieve a technical result consisting in increasing the environmental safety of the plant and the efficiency of trapping and neutralizing decomposition products resulting from the burning of unsuitable pesticides and similar chemicals.

The inventive installation for the thermal destruction of pesticides contains a loading mechanism, a furnace with a loading window, a drive valve for sealing the loading window. The furnace has a burner and a nozzle for supplying heated air in the recuperator. The furnace is connected to the afterburner. The installation also contains an afterburner, a vortex apparatus for preliminary purification of flue gases, a catalytic reactor for purifying flue gases from unburned organic toxins, a recuperator, a gas cooler, a bag filter, a smoke exhauster and a chimney. A distinctive feature of the installation is that the loading mechanism includes a lock chamber, the output of which is connected to the loading window, a loading drive platform, which is installed in the lock chamber with the possibility of rotation around the axis in the direction of the loading window. In addition, the loading mechanism includes a load-carrying drive unit containing a cargo trough-shaped tray, which is mounted on the entrance side to the airlock with the possibility of rotation around the axis in the direction of the loading window to ensure the sliding of toxic chemicals onto the loading area. At the same time, a cargo trough-shaped tray is installed with the possibility of sealing the entrance to the lock chamber after moving the pesticides to the loading area. The installation is also equipped with a control system to ensure the operation of the aforementioned drive elements in a given sequence when loading pesticides into the furnace.

In a particular case of use, the inventive installation for the thermal destruction of pesticides is characterized in that the valve is installed with the possibility of vertical movement, the surface of the lower part of the valve in contact with the lower part of the loading window when it is sealed, and the surface of the lower part of the loading window is made with an inclination inside the furnace.

When using the invention, it is possible to achieve a technical result, which consists in increasing the environmental safety of the installation and the efficiency of trapping and neutralizing decomposition products generated by the burning of unsuitable pesticides and similar chemicals.

Between the set of essential features of the claimed invention and the achieved technical result, there is such a causal relationship. The equipment of the loading mechanism with a lock chamber, the output of which is connected to the loading window, the presence of a loading drive platform, which is installed in the lock chamber with the possibility of rotation around the axis in the direction of the loading window, the presence of a load-carrying drive unit containing a cargo tray, which is made trough-shaped and installed on the input side into the lock chamber with the possibility of rotation around the axis in the direction of the loading window to ensure the sliding of pesticides on the loading area, install A cargo tray with the ability to seal the entrance to the lock chamber after moving the pesticides to the loading platform and the presence of a control system to ensure the operation of the aforementioned drive elements in a predetermined sequence when loading the furnace ensures that the next portion of pesticides is moved into the furnace without crushing them and without an open screw pusher. Pesticides in a closed container, for example, in a bag, first enter a sealed airlock chamber, and from there they enter the furnace through the loading window, which prevents dust from pesticides and untreated flue gases from the loading window of the furnace into the surrounding space when loading pesticides to the oven. Thanks to a hermetically sealed lock chamber, during periodic loading of the next portion of pesticides into the furnace and periodic opening of the furnace loading window, there are no rarefaction fluctuations in the successively installed vortex apparatus for preliminary cleaning of flue gases, a catalytic reactor for cleaning flue gases from unburned organic toxins, and in a bag filter for thin purification of flue gases from small particles of dust, which, in turn, increases the efficiency of trapping and neutralizing food such as are for the expansion of incineration of pesticides and similar chemicals.

Installing the valve with the possibility of vertical movement and performing the surface of the lower part of the valve in contact with the lower part of the loading window when it is sealed, and the surface of the lower part of the loading window with an inclination inside the furnace, structurally simply provide sealing of the loading window by ensuring the formation of additional forces as a result of the interaction of inclined planes, tightly pressing the valve to the loading window in the periods between the flow of pesticides. This helps to prevent the ingress of untreated flue gases from the furnace into the surrounding space during the periods between loading the next portion of the destroyed chemicals into the furnace. In addition, the construction of the surface of the lower part of the loading window with an inclination inward of the furnace structurally simply ensures the movement of the next portion of pesticides into the furnace by sliding along the inclined plane of the loading window.

The inventive installation for the thermal destruction of pesticides can be made in the form of a compact unit and placed on a special freight automobile platform, which ensures transportation of the installation directly to the place of accumulation of pesticides in need of destruction.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

- figure 1 is a diagram of a plant for the thermal destruction of pesticides;

- figure 2 is a General view of the furnace with a loading mechanism;

- figure 3 is a remote element A of the drive shaft of the cargo trough-shaped tray in figure 2;

- figure 4-10 - sequential positions of the drive elements when loading the furnace with pesticides.

In the drawings, the following notation

1 - boot mechanism;

2 - oven;

3 - alkaline bath;

4 - outlet for the melting of slag;

5 - burner;

6 - nozzle for supplying heated air;

7 - gas pipeline;

8 - afterburner;

9 - recuperator;

10 - gas cooler;

11 - a vertical partition;

12 - gas channel;

13 - burner;

14 - nozzle for spraying an alkaline solution;

15 - nozzle for supplying heated air;

16 - vortex apparatus;

17 - catalytic reactor;

18 - additional gas cooler;

19 - bag filter;

20 - smoke exhaust;

21 - a chimney;

22 - gas pipeline;

23 - gas pipeline;

24 - nozzle for spraying an alkaline solution;

25 - nozzle for spraying an alkaline solution;

26 - pipe suction air;

27 - pipe suction air;

28 - system for supplying fuel to the burners;

29 - a system for supplying an alkaline solution to the nozzles;

30 - a system for supplying heated air in a recuperator to the furnace and afterburner;

31 - throttle valve;

32 - carbon filter.

33 - airlock chamber;

34 - boot window;

35 - loading area;

36 - screw drive;

37 - lever;

38 - load-bearing unit;

39 - cargo tray;

40 - sealing frame of the lock chamber;

41 - a drive shaft;

42 - drive;

43 - chain transmission;

44 - limit switch;

45 - limit switch;

46 - ski;

47 - frame;

48 - valve;

49 - screw drive;

50 - cable block unit;

51 - packaging with pesticides.

In a specific embodiment, the inventive installation for the thermal destruction of pesticides contains (Fig. 1) a loading mechanism 1 connected to a furnace 2 for burning pesticides. The furnace 2 is equipped with a liquid bath 3 from a melt of alkaline reagents (for example, caustic soda), and the furnace has a closing outlet 4 with a trough (not shown) for draining the molten slag into slag (not shown). In the furnace 2 there is a burner 5 and a nozzle 6 for supplying heated air in the recuperator. The furnace 2 is connected by a gas line 7 to the afterburner 8. The afterburner 8 is combined in one housing with a combined recuperator 9 and gas cooler 10, which are separated from the afterburner by a vertical partition 11 forming a gas channel 12 at the bottom of the afterburner that connects the afterburner 8 and the recuperator 9. At the same time, a burner 13, a nozzle 14 for spraying an alkaline solution and a nozzle 15 for supplying heated air are installed on the upper end of the afterburning chamber.

The installation also contains sequentially installed vortex apparatus 16 for preliminary purification of flue gases, a catalytic reactor 17 for purifying flue gases from unburned organic toxins, an additional gas cooler 18, a bag filter 19 for fine purification of flue gases from fine dust particles, a smoke exhauster 20 and a chimney 21. The catalytic reactor 17 is connected to the vortex apparatus 16 and the additional gas cooler 18 by gas lines 22 and 23 with vertical sections, in which, respectively, are mounted vertically ted nozzles 24 and 25 for spraying an alkali solution. At the inlet and outlet of the bag filter 19, respectively, nozzles for sucking in air 26 and 27 are installed. The installation is also equipped with a system 28 for supplying fuel to the burners, a system 29 for supplying an alkaline solution to the nozzles, and a system 30 for supplying heated air to the furnace and the afterburner . A throttle valve 31 is installed in the gas duct at the outlet of the combined recuperator 9 with gas cooler 10, which is used to regulate the pressure - vacuum in the furnace 2. In the expansion of the chimney 21, a carbon filter 32 is installed to provide condensation and adsorption of mercury vapor and other heavy metals.

The loading mechanism 1 contains (Fig. 2) a lock chamber 33, the output of which is connected to the loading window 34 of the furnace 2. Inside the lock chamber 33, a drive loading platform 35 is mounted with a possibility of rotation around the horizontal axis in the direction of the loading window 34. The loading platform 35 is rotated around the horizontal the axis provides a screw drive 36 fixed to the lock chamber 33, pivotally connected to the loading platform 35 using the lever 37. The loading mechanism 1 also includes a load-carrying drive unit 38 containing a load howling tray 39, which is made trough-shaped and installed from the entrance to the lock chamber 33 with the possibility of rotation around the axis in the direction of the loading window 34 of the furnace 2 to ensure the sliding of pesticides on the loading area 35. The cargo tray 39 is installed with the possibility of sealing the entrance to the lock chamber 33, blocking this entrance by interacting with the sealing frame 40 of the lock chamber 33 in its extreme vertical position after moving the pesticides to the loading area 35.

To ensure rotation around the axis, the cargo tray 39 is mounted on the drive shaft 41, which is connected to the drive 42 by a chain gear 43. The rotation angle of the cargo tray 39 around the axis is adjusted using the limit switches 44 and 45 and the ski 46 mounted on the drive shaft 41 (Fig. 3 ) The lock chamber 33 and the drive shaft 41 with the cargo tray 39 are mounted on the frame 47.

On the furnace 2, with the possibility of vertical movement between the vertical rails, a drive valve 48 is mounted for sealing the loading window 34. The surface of the lower part of the valve 48 in contact with the lower part of the loading window 34 and the surface of the lower part of the loading window 34 are inclined, for example, 45 ° inside the oven. The movement of the valve is carried out by a screw actuator 49 and a cable block unit 50.

The installation is equipped with a control system (not shown) to ensure the operation of the screw drive 49, drive 42 and screw drive 36 in the given sequence when loading destroyed chemicals into the furnace. The control system includes limit switches 44 and 45, which fix the extreme positions of the cargo tray 39, and limit switches mounted inside the screw drive casings 36 and screw drive 49, which fix the extreme positions of the rods of these drives and, therefore, the extreme positions of the loading platform 35 and valves 48. The electrical signals from the limit switches automatically provide the robot with a screw drive 49, a drive 42 and a screw drive 36 in a predetermined sequence when pesticides are loaded into the furnace.

Installation for the thermal destruction of pesticides works like this. Unsuitable pesticides in sealed bags weighing 20-30 kg and packages with caustic soda weighing 10-15 kg are fed by a loading mechanism 1 into the furnace 2, which has an alkaline bath 3 of caustic soda melt, the temperature of which is maintained by the burner 5 at 850 ° C. The combustion air heated in the recuperator 9 to 350-400 ° C is fed into the furnace 2 through the nozzle 6 for supplying heated air. In alkaline bath 3 with a caustic soda melt, organic compounds of pesticides are mainly burnt, and the inorganic filler forms liquid slag with alkali. A significant part of inorganic and acidic inorganic compounds containing chlorine, phosphorus, sulfur, forms inert compounds such as NaCl, NaPO ₄ , Na ₂ SO ₄ , Na ₂ S with alkaline components of the slag and remains in the slag, which after exposure to the furnace does not contain unsplit pesticides and soluble compounds of heavy metals. The molten slag from the furnace 2 through the outlet 4 enters the slag, where it crystallizes and cools. The flue gases leaving the furnace 2 at the entrance to the afterburner 8 have a temperature of 850-1000 ° C. Flue gases through a gas pipe 7 are fed to the upper part of the afterburner 8, in which the flue gases are mixed with liquid fuel combustion products from top to bottom directed by the burner 13 and additionally heated air supplied through the nozzle 15 and sprayed with caustic soda solution, which is supplied through the nozzle 14 for spraying an alkaline solution. The afterburning of flue gases in the afterburning chamber 8 is carried out at 1100-1200 ° C for 2 seconds with a coefficient of excess air of 1.4 and an alkaline concentration in the flue gases of about 0.03 wt.%. At the exit from the bottom of the afterburning chamber 8, the flue gases are sent to a combined heat exchanger 9 with a gas cooler 10, where the flue gases are cooled to 550-600 ° C and the combustion air is heated in the heat exchanger 9 at the same time. After that, a preliminary purification of flue gases in the vortex apparatus 16 and purification of flue gases from unburned organic toxins and carbon monoxide in a catalytic reactor 17 with pulse regeneration are carried out. Before entering the catalytic reactor 17 and after leaving it, the flue gases are sprayed with alkaline solution nozzles 24 and 25 to spray an alkaline solution of caustic soda with an alkali concentration of 0.01-0.03 wt.% Alkali in the flue gas. Then the flue gases are additionally cooled in an additional gas cooler 18 of the second stage to 130 ° C, sent to the bag filter 19 for cleaning from dust, and then the smoke exhauster 20 is fed through the charcoal filter 32 into the chimney 21.

Periodic loading of pesticides into the furnace is carried out as follows. With a closed valve 48, which hermetically closes the loading window 34 of the furnace 2 from the side of the open lock chamber 33, packages with pesticides 51 are placed in the cargo tray 39 (figure 4). From the control panel, the drive 42 is turned on, which, through the chain drive 43 and the drive shaft 41, rotates the cargo tray 39 around a horizontal axis in the direction of the loading window 34 to ensure that the packages with pesticides 51 slide along the trough-shaped cargo tray 39 into the lock chamber 33 to the loading area 35 (Fig. .5). The rotation speed of the cargo tray 39 is set taking into account the slow sliding of the packages with pesticides 51 when the cargo tray 39 is tilted to the horizon by an angle of 30-45 °. The cargo tray 39 is rotated around a horizontal axis in the direction of the loading window 34 of the furnace 2 until it contacts the sealing frame 40 of the lock chamber 33, providing sealing of the entrance to the lock chamber 33 after moving the packages with pesticides 51 into the lock chamber 33 to the loading area 35. In this position of the cargo tray 39 under the influence of the ski 46 mounted on the drive shaft 41, the limit switch 44 is activated, which turns off the drive 42 and turns on the screw drive 49, which lifts the valve 48 through the cable block unit 50, Opens the loading hole 34 of the furnace 2 (Figure 6). After raising the valve 48 to its highest position from the limit switch of the screw actuator 49, a signal is sent to turn on the screw actuator 36, which with a lever 37 rotates the loading platform 35 around the horizontal axis in the direction of the loading window 34, allowing the movement of packages with pesticides 51 from hermetically sealed the lock chamber 33 through the loading window 34 into the furnace 2 (Fig.7). After performing a reciprocating motion, the screw drive 36 returns the loading pad 35 to the initial horizontal position inside the lock chamber 33 (Fig. 8). The signal from the limit switch of the screw drive 36 includes a screw drive 49, which lowers the valve 48, and it again hermetically closes the loading window 34 of the furnace 2 (Fig.9). In the final position of the rod of the screw drive 49, its end switch includes a drive 42, which returns the cargo tray 39 to its initial position, at which the entrance to the lock chamber 33 again opens to load another portion of toxic chemicals (Fig. 10).

Due to the hermetically sealed lock chamber 33, when the next portion of pesticides is periodically loaded into the furnace and the loading window 34 of the furnace 2 is periodically opened, dust of pesticides and raw flue gases do not enter the surrounding space from the loading window 34 of the furnace 2 and vacuum does not fluctuate in series installed vortex apparatus 16 for pre-treatment of flue gases, a catalytic reactor 17 for purification of flue gases from unburned organic toxins and in the bag tre 19 for fine purification of flue gases from small dust particles, which increases the effectiveness of capture and neutralization of the decomposition products formed during the combustion of pesticides and similar chemicals. The gas purification system used in the installation ensures minimum, at the level of European standards, emissions of pollution into the environment. Harmful solid chemical compounds remain in the slag, which can be used in construction, for example, as a filler for concrete.

Claims (2)

1. Installation for the thermal destruction of pesticides, comprising a loading mechanism, a furnace with a loading window, a drive valve for sealing the loading window, an afterburner, a vortex apparatus for preliminary cleaning of flue gases, a catalytic reactor for cleaning flue gases from unburned organic toxins, a recuperator, a gas cooler, bag filter, smoke exhaust and chimney, characterized in that the loading mechanism comprises a lock chamber, the output of which is connected to the loading window, a drive platform loading, which is installed in the lock chamber with the possibility of rotation around the axis in the direction of the loading window, the drive load-bearing unit containing the cargo tray, which is made trough-shaped and installed from the entrance to the lock chamber with the possibility of rotation around the axis in the direction of the loading window to ensure the sliding of toxic chemicals loading platform, and the trough-shaped cargo tray is installed with the possibility of sealing the entrance to the airlock after moving pesticides to the platform loading, while the installation is equipped with a control system to ensure the operation of the aforementioned drive elements in a given sequence when loading pesticides into the furnace. 2. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the valve is installed with the possibility of vertical movement, the surface of the lower part of the valve in contact with the lower part of the loading window when it is sealed, and the surface of the lower part of the loading window is made with an inclination inside the furnace.

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