RU2454850C1 - Device to separate tuberous roots from admixtures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building, in particular, to actuators of tuberous root harvesting machines. A device to separate tuberous roots from admixtures comprises an inclined finger-type conveyor and a tuber baffle in its upper part. The tuber baffle is arranged in the form of a bumper roll installed on a driving shaft and equipped with plates having an elastic coating. Plates are installed perpendicularly relative to the roll axis. The tuber baffle is equipped with a secondary treatment mechanism arranged in the form of a bumper roll with an installed ratchet mechanism to carry out a short-term slippage in process of operation on a drive shaft in a direction opposite to the direction of the drive shaft. On the bumper roll there are separate fixed plates spring-loaded with a clip spring.

EFFECT: invention provides for higher efficiency of potato heap component separation and reduced damage of tubers as device reliability increases.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the working bodies of root-harvesting machines.

A device is known for separating root crops from impurities, comprising an inclined finger-shaped conveyor and a tuber deflector located in its upper part, made in the form of a breaker roller mounted on the drive shaft, which is equipped with blades mounted perpendicular to the axis of the roller and fixed at an angle relative to its longitudinal axis, and even and the odd row has a mirror image relative to the longitudinal axis of the roller (RU No. 95960, class A01D 33/08, 07/20/2010).

However, the design of the device has low reliability, allows increased damage to tubers, and also does not provide the necessary quality of separation of root crops from impurities.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed one is a device for separating root crops from impurities (RU No. 2245011, class A01D 33/08, 01/27/2005), including a separation slide located on a separate frame in the form of an inclined conveyor, the conveyor belt of which is made in the form of a finger web, and a breaker roller located in the upper part of the slide on the drive shaft, made in the form of a set of elastic disks mounted on the drive shaft at an angle to its axis, while the disks are mounted on the shaft with the possibility of their oscillation Nij in the direction of the shaft axis by means of an additional drive.

However, the complexity and energy intensity of the design of the additional drive of oscillations of the elastic disks of the jack roller significantly reduces the reliability of the device, and also does not provide the necessary quality of separation of root crops from impurities.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of separation of the components of the potato heap and reduce damage to tubers while increasing the reliability of the device.

The technical result consists in improving the quality of cleaning potatoes from impurities and tops, reducing damage to tubers, increasing the reliability of the device and, as a result, productivity and separating effect.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the device for separating root crops from impurities, containing an inclined finger-shaped conveyor and a tuber-reflector located in its upper part, made in the form of a breaker roller mounted on the drive shaft, equipped with separately spring-loaded plates with an elastic coating mounted perpendicular to the axis of the roller moreover, the tuber-reflector is equipped with a secondary cleaning mechanism, made in the form of a jack roller with an installed ratchet mechanism for short rotation on the drive shaft in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the drive shaft during operation, separately mounted plates spring loaded with a spring clip are installed on the breaker roller, and the secondary cleaning mechanism operates when the following relationship is fulfilled:

Md _c. <M _{sopr (cr.)} ;

where M _{sopr (cr.)} - critical value;

M _dv. - the moment from the engine, which is attached to the ratchet mechanism.

M _dv. = F _dv. H _h.k. ;

where F _dv. - the force of the engine (the value specified constructively);

h _x.к - distance from the center of rotation to the ratchet tooth.

where F _dv. - the force of the engine (the value specified constructively);

h _h.k. - the distance from the center of rotation to the tooth of the ratchet wheel;

F _{thief. (Cr.)} - the force of the heap (critical value);

h _thief. - the distance from the center of rotation to the characteristic point of influence of the heap;

F _control - elastic force;

h _spring - the distance from the point of attachment of the spring to the dog to the axis of rotation of the mechanism;

a is the distance from the point of attachment of the spring to the axis (the point of attachment of the lever to the disk), relative to which the lever rotates.

Hence

It is advisable to perform the ratchet mechanism in the form of a ratchet wheel and a reverse spring-loaded dog rotating around an axis.

Preferably, the plates are made with an elastic coating and fixed in longitudinal rows along the entire working surface of the breaker roller at an equal distance from each other, as well as in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, large faces of which are located at an angle to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the roller.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a device, side view; figure 2 shows a tuber reflector, top view; figure 3 shows the ratchet mechanism; figure 4 shows the principle of fastening of the plate with an elastic coating.

A device for separating root crops from impurities contains a dividing slide 1 made in the form of an inclined conveyor, the endless conveyor belt of which has a working 2 and reverse 3 branches with elastic fingers 4, a load conveyor 5 for a potato pile and an unload conveyor 6 for root crops. In the upper part of the slide above the head drum of the inclined conveyor there is a tuber-reflector 7.

The tuber-reflector is made in the form of a breaker roller 9 mounted on the drive shaft 8, equipped with a secondary cleaning mechanism represented by plates with an elastic coating 10 mounted perpendicularly to the axis of the roller, as well as a ratchet mechanism 11 containing a housing 13, a disk 14 mounted on the breaker roller, the reverse spring-loaded dog 15, rotating around an axis 16, mounted on the disk 14 and a ratchet wheel 17, mounted on the drive shaft 8, for the implementation in the process of short-term rotation on alu actuator in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the drive shaft, and the baffle plate fixed to the platen by the spring-clips 12.

The device operates as follows. Potato heap, including tubers, lumps of soil, tops and plant residues, is conveyed by conveyor 5 to the separation hill 1. When tubers and lumps of soil fall on the inclined surface of the hill due to different values of the elastic and frictional properties of the components, rolling friction coefficient, sizes and specific gravity, on the working branch 2 of the palm leaf, a process of separation of potato heaps occurs, that is, the process of separating tubers from soil lumps and impurities. In this case, the bulk of the tubers rolls along the surface of the fingers 4 to the unloading conveyor 6 of the device, and the impurities are held by the fingers of the web and rise up to the tuber deflector 7, which receives rotational movement from the drive towards the heap. A part of the tubers with the tops holding them and also with a finger-like leaf of the slide is fed to the tuber-reflector 7. Before the impurities are released directly onto the field, the latter (soil lumps, stones and plant debris) come into contact with the plates 10, the coating of which is elastic, of the tuber-reflector 7, placed in longitudinal rows throughout the working surface of the jack roller 9 at an equal distance from each other, and having the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, large faces of which are located at an angle to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the roller 9, at the plates 10 of each even and odd longitudinal row, respectively, these angles are equal in magnitude, but are mirrored relative to the plane perpendicular to the axis of the roller 9.

During the rotation of the pick roller 9, the rubberized plates 10 make circular motions, as a result of which each of them acts on the incoming mass of the potato heap. In this case, the stalks of tops and vegetable impurities pass into the working gap between the finger surface of the slide and the pick roller 9 and are carried outside the harvester on the field, and the tubers, as a result of interaction with the plates 10 of the pick roller 9, slide down the inclined sheet of the hill to the unloading conveyor 6 root crops . The main working surface of the plates 10 in this case are their large faces, the orientation of which in space depends on in which longitudinal row (even or odd) they are installed, which can significantly increase the separating effect of the device due to the different orientation of the force effects of the protrusions on the components of the shared heap .

In extreme operating conditions, for example, when a large stone or other foreign objects fall under the tuber-reflector 7, as well as a large volume of heap (which, according to many researchers, often happens in real working conditions), the working body mechanism perceives a sharp shock load, which can lead to breakdown of the mechanism. In this case, the traction resistance of the disk 14 increases many times, the force of the spring 18 is not enough to press the dog 15 against the surface of the ratchet wheel 17, as a result of which the disk 14 is rotated at a certain angle relative to the ratchet wheel 17 in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the drive shaft 8, which reduces dynamic loads on the elements of the tuber-reflector and its drive.

The work of the ratchet mechanism in mathematical form:

For normal operation of the mechanism, it is necessary that the following condition is met:

M _dv. <M _{sop (cr)} ;

M _{sopr (cr.)} - moment of resistance to rotation (critical value);

M _dv. - the moment from the engine, which is attached to the ratchet mechanism.

M _dv. = F _dv. H _h.k. ;

F _dv. - the force of the engine (the value specified constructively);

h _h.k. - the distance from the center of rotation to the tooth of the ratchet wheel.

M _{coll. (Cr.)} = M _{coll. (Cr.)} -M cont _. ;

M _{thief. (Cr.)} - the moment created by the heap (critical value);

M _exercise - the moment created by the spring.

M _{thief. (Cr.)} = F _{thief. (Cr.)} · H _thief. ;

F _{thief. (Cr.)} - the force of the heap (critical value);

h _thief. - the distance from the center of rotation to the characteristic point of impact.

M _exercise = F _exercise H _spring ;

F _control - elastic force;

h _spring - the distance from the point of attachment of the spring to the dog to the axis of rotation of the mechanism.

F _control = E · S · ε;

E is the modulus of elasticity;

S is the diameter of the spring;

ε is the elongation.

h _spring = ( a + b) cosα;

a is the distance from the point of attachment of the spring to the axis (the point of attachment of the lever to the disk), relative to which the lever rotates;

b is the distance from the axis (the point of attachment of the lever to the disk), relative to which the lever rotates to the tooth of the ratchet wheel.

Combining these equations into one, we get:

F _dv. H _h.k. <M _{thief. (Cr.)} -M _control. ;

Next, consider the balance of the ratchet lever. For its normal operation it is necessary:

F _control ≤F critical _pressure ;

-F _exercise A ≤F _Crit. B;

a = f (b, F _control , F _{critical pressure} ).

F _{critical pressure} ~ F _{thief. (Cr.)}

Inserting the expressed value of b (2) into equation (1), we obtain:

Or

It follows that by adjusting the stiffness of the spring 18 or selecting a spring with the corresponding characteristics E and S, as well as changing the point of attachment of the spring to the dog 15, it is possible to control the moment of turning the disk 14 relative to the axis of the drive, based on actual operating conditions, for example, when work on compacted soils, in soddy areas, in areas with a high content of stones, etc.

The use of this working body in root-harvesting machines will increase the efficiency of separation of root-tubers from impurities, reduce the number of damage to tubers, and also increase the reliability of the entire unit.

The proposed structural design solution of the device compared with the base object adopted for the prototype, allows to increase the efficiency of separation of root crops from the tops of stalks and plant residues, to reduce the number of damage to tubers, which in turn will help to reduce indirect losses of tubers during harvesting. And the installed ratchet mechanism improves the reliability of the entire device.

The use of the invention improves the operational and technological characteristics of a device for separating root crops from impurities.

The described working body is structurally simple, has low energy consumption and is reliable in operation.

Claims (3)

1. A device for separating root crops from impurities, containing an inclined finger conveyor and a tuber-reflector located in its upper part, made in the form of a breaker roller mounted on the drive shaft, provided with elastic coated plates mounted perpendicular to the roller axis, characterized in that the tuber-reflector is equipped with a mechanism secondary cleaning, made in the form of a jack roller with an installed ratchet mechanism, for the implementation of short-term wire during operation grinding on the drive shaft in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the drive shaft, while separately mounted plates spring-loaded with a clip are installed on the breaker roller, and the secondary cleaning mechanism operates when the following relationship is fulfilled:
M _dv. <M _{comp. (Cr.)} ;
where M _{sopr. (cr.)} - critical value;
M _dv. - the moment from the engine, which is attached to the ratchet mechanism;
where M _{sopr. (cr.)} - critical value;
M _dv. - the moment from the engine, which is attached to the ratchet mechanism;
M _dv. = F _dv. H _h.k. ;
where F _dv. - the force of the engine (the value specified constructively);
h _h.k. - the distance from the center of rotation to the tooth of the ratchet wheel;

where F _{thief. (cr.)} - the force of the heap (critical value);
h _thief. - the distance from the center of rotation to the characteristic point of influence of the heap;
F _ynp. - elastic force;
h _spring - the distance from the point of attachment of the spring to the dog to the axis of rotation of the mechanism;
and - the distance from the point of attachment of the spring to the axis (the point of attachment of the lever to the disk), relative to which the lever rotates;
hence,

2. A device for separating root crops from impurities according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratchet mechanism has a ratchet wheel and a reverse spring-loaded dog rotating around an axis. 3. The device for separating root crops from impurities according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates with an elastic coating, made by fixed longitudinal rows along the entire working surface of the pick roller at an equal distance from each other, have the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, the large faces of which are angled to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the roller.

Images