RU213109U1 - DEVICE FOR SEPARATING ROOT CROPS FROM IMPURITIES - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to the working bodies of root and crop harvesters. The device for separating root crops from impurities contains a separating slide made in the form of an inclined conveyor, the endless conveyor belt of which has a working branch and a return branch with elastic fingers, a potato heap loading conveyor and a root crops unloading conveyor. In the upper part of the hill above the head drum of the inclined conveyor there is a tuber deflector, made in the form of an impact roller mounted on the drive shaft, kinematically connected to the drive of its rotation and equipped with rubberized protrusions, placed in longitudinal rows along the entire working surface of the roller at an equal distance from each other, and having the shape of a truncated cone, and located at an angle, forming an angle between the axis of rotation of the impact roller and the axis of the rubberized protrusions. At the same time, the slope of the rubberized protrusions at the even and odd rows is mirrored. The proposed schematic and constructive solution of the device in comparison with the basic object, taken as a prototype, allows you to increase the efficiency of separation of root crops from stems of tops and plant residues and reduce the degree and amount of damage to tubers.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to the working bodies of root and crop harvesters.

A device for separating root and tuber crops from impurities is known, containing a separating slide, a conveyor with an endless web having a working surface with elastic fingers, above which there is a breaker roller mounted on a shaft with an outer surface on which protrusions of the blades are located, having the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped. (Patent RU 95960, class A01D 33/08, 24.02.2010).

The disadvantages of this device are a large loss of potatoes due to its damage on the sharp edges of the protrusions, as well as the sticking of lumps of soil with plant residues on the blades having the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed is a device for separating root crops from impurities (RU No. 63637, class A01D 33/08, 10.06.2007), containing an inclined finger conveyor and placed in its upper part, a tuber deflector, made in the form of a tuber mounted on a drive shaft impact roller, equipped with rubberized protrusions having the shape of a truncated cone and placed in longitudinal rows along the entire working surface of the roller at an equal distance from each other.

The disadvantage of this device is the insufficient efficiency of separation of the components of the potato heap, which is caused by a large distance between the fingers through which a large amount of potatoes is passed, as well as damage to the potato tubers due to pinching between the rubberized protrusions.

The objective of the proposed utility model is to create a technical solution to improve the efficiency of separation of the components of a potato heap.

EFFECT: improving the quality of potato heap separation and reducing the number and degree of damage to potato tubers.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for separating root crops from impurities contains an inclined finger conveyor and a tuber deflector placed in its upper part, made in the form of a bumper roller mounted on a drive shaft, equipped with rubberized protrusions located in longitudinal rows along the entire surface of the roller at an equal distance from each other. each other and having the shape of a truncated cone, and the rubberized protrusions are inclined, forming an angle between the axis of rotation of the impact roller and the axis of the rubberized protrusions, and the slope of the rubberized protrusions in the even and odd rows is mirrored.

The device is illustrated by graphic materials:

fig. 1. - diagram of a device for separating root crops from impurities, side view;

fig. 2. - impact roller with rubberized protrusions.

The device for separating root crops from impurities contains a separating slide made in the form of an inclined conveyor 1, the endless conveyor belt 2 of which has a working branch 3 and a return branch 4 with elastic fingers 5, a conveyor 6 for loading a potato heap and a conveyor 7 for unloading root crops. In the upper part of the hill above the head drum 8 of the inclined conveyor 1 there is a tuber deflector, made in the form of an impact roller 10 mounted on the drive shaft 9, kinematically connected to the drive of its rotation and equipped with rubberized protrusions 11, placed in longitudinal rows along the entire working surface of the roller 9 at an equal distance from each other, and having the shape of a truncated cone, and located at an angle, forming an angle between the axis of rotation of the impact roller and the axis of the rubberized protrusions. In this case, the slope of the rubberized protrusions 11 in the even and odd rows is mirrored.

The device works as follows. Potato heap, including tubers, clods of soil, tops and plant residues, is fed by conveyor 6 to a dividing hill. When tubers and soil clods fall onto the surface of the inclined conveyor 1, due to the different values of the elastic and frictional properties of the components, the rolling friction coefficient, sizes and specific gravity on the working branch 3, the process of separation of the potato heap occurs, that is, the process of separating tubers from soil clods and impurities. At the same time, the main mass of tubers rolls down on the surface of the fingers 5 onto the unloading conveyor 7 of the device, and the impurities are held by the fingers of the web 5 and rise up to the tuber deflector, made in the form of a bump roller 9 installed on the drive shaft 10, equipped with protrusions 11, having the shape of a truncated cone and located at an angle, which receives a rotational movement towards the heap from the drive. Part of the tubers, with the tops holding them, is also fed by an inclined conveyor 1 to the tuber deflector. Before the release of impurities directly onto the field, the latter (clods of soil, stones and plant residues) come into contact with the rubberized protrusions 11 of the tuber deflector, made in the form of an impact roller 9 mounted on the drive shaft 10, equipped with rubberized protrusions 11, placed at an angle, in longitudinal rows along the entire the working surface of the impact roller 9 at an equal distance from each other and having the shape of a truncated cone, and the slope of the rubberized protrusions 11 in the even and odd rows is mirrored.

During the rotation of the tuber deflector, its rubberized protrusions 11 make circular movements, as a result of which each of them acts on the incoming mass of potato heap. At the same time, the stems of the tops and plant impurities pass into the working gap between the fingers 5 of the inclined conveyor 1 and the tuber deflector and are taken out of the harvesting machine on the field, and the tubers, as a result of multidirectional interaction with the rubberized protrusions 11 of the tuber deflector, roll down the inclined conveyor 1 onto the unloading conveyor 7 of root crops . This allows you to significantly increase the separating effect of the device due to the multidirectional effect on the incoming mass of potato heap and the separation of the tops from the tubers held on it.

The proposed schematic and constructive solution of the device in comparison with the basic object, taken as a prototype, allows you to increase the efficiency of separation of root crops from stems of tops and plant residues and reduce the degree and amount of damage to tubers.

Claims (2)

1. A device for separating root crops from impurities, containing an inclined finger conveyor and a tuber deflector located in its upper part, made in the form of a breaker roller mounted on a drive shaft, equipped with rubberized protrusions, located in longitudinal rows along the entire surface of the roller at an equal distance from each other and having the shape of a truncated cone, characterized in that the rubberized protrusions are inclined, forming an angle between the axis of rotation of the impact roller and the axis of the rubberized protrusions. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the slope of the rubberized protrusions of the even and odd rows is mirrored.

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