SU1130231A1 - Tobacco-harvesting combine - Google Patents

Abstract

1. TABO-COMBINE COMBINE, containing a self-propelled chassis, on which a conveyor mounted on a frame is mounted to hold tobacco leaves with two adjacent branches, a leaf separator made in the form of inclined-mounted drums with screw blades, roll bars for removal of separated leaves, horizontal and inclined twin tapes conveyors, and a bunker, characterized in that, in order to increase its productivity by reducing losses and mechanical damage to the leaves, the branches of the conveyors The abacus leaves are made in a wavy form of elastic material and are set obliquely to the horizon with the front part and side branches down, the edges of the screw blades also have a wave-like shape, elastic elements are installed between the blades, and under the blades a pair of drums of elastic material the bottom of the bunker is made in the form of a conveyor with side walls attached to its tape, mounted in existing ones (L on the frame of the guides, the frame is connected to the hinge by means of a coupling having two fines freedom - in the vertical and horizontal planes. so about you

Description

2. A combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the bases of the screw blades are made with rigid guides curved in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the drums.

3. A combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the radii of the rear pulleys of the conveyors are equal to the radius of curvature of the projections of the branches of the conveyors having a wave-like shape.

one

The invention relates to agricultural plant engineering and can be used for harvesting tobacco leaves and other agricultural crops similar in physical and mechanical properties and method of harvesting with tobacco.

A known tobacco-cleaning machine for sheet-cleaning tobacco, consisting of a self-propelled engine, on which screw separators are mounted as a pair of rotating cores with screw blades made of rubber with a constant twist angle located on both sides of the working slot, passive dividers of a rus in the form of a metal direction usa, bumper, mesh conveyors for removing separated leaves from a series of plants, mesh and belt conveyors for transporting leaves to a hopper in an accumulator bin s on a hydraulic lift. A retaining conveyor in the form of a V-belt 1 is installed to hold the plants under the separator.

However, this machine is not suitable for harvesting leaves from plants that have a low stem stiffness, an underdeveloped root system and are not aligned with the height of the plant. A rubber separator screw-type sheet separator causes mechanical damage to the leaves. A supporting conveyor installed in the horizontal plane below the separator does not ensure reliable capture and retention of the plants during the leaf separation period, which leads to disruption of the process. A hydromechanical drive box, located behind the leaf trap, pinches and pulls out the stunted plants that fall under the leaf trap screw.

The closest to the invention by its technical nature is a tobacco harvester containing a self-propelled chassis on which a conveyor for holding tobacco leaves with two adjacent branches mounted on a frame, a separator made in the form of obliquely installed drums with screw blades, roll tables for removal of separated leaves, horizontal and inclined paired conveyor belts, and bunker 2.

A disadvantage of the known device is the considerable damage to the leaves by the drums and blades of the sheet trap in the form of pressure and breaks of the plate of the sheet, which occur when striking the leaf tips with blades and brushes protruding above them in diameter, as well as damage to the leaves that are above the harvest area supporting conveyors at the time of separation of the leaves. When curved and low-growing plants enter the leaf-separating apparatus, the process is disturbed due to the latter being pinched by chops and conveyors to remove leaves. In addition, the known device does not ensure reliable copying of the harvested rows of plants due to the rigid mounting of the separating apparatus with the roller tables and supporting

conveyors. There are losses of leaves separated from stalks when they fall into the working gap under the leaf trap. After filling the leaves, the bunker must be removed from the combine and reloaded, which leads to a decrease in the productivity of the combine. Conveyors to maintain plants do not provide reliable supply of plants to the leaf-separating apparatus and securely hold them during the period of leaf separation, since elastic clamps attached to their branches in staggered order do not form an elastic cell while maintaining plants.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the performance of the device by reducing

5 loss and mechanical damage to the leaves.

This goal is achieved by the fact that

in a tobacco harvester containing

self-propelled chassis mounted

mounted on the frame a conveyor for holding tobacco leaves with two adjacent branches, a leaf separator made in the form of obliquely installed drums with screw blades, roll tables for removing the separated leaves, horizontal and inclined paired belt conveyors, and a bunker, branches of conveyors for holding tobacco leaves are made of a wavy form of elastic material

and set obliquely to the horizon with the front part and side branches down, the edges of the screw blades also have a wavy shape and elastic elements are installed between the blades, and under the blades are a pair of drums of elastic material, the bottom of the bunker is made in the form of a conveyor attached to with its tape, the side walls mounted in the guides on the frame, the frame is connected to the frame through a coupling having two degrees of freedom - in the vertical and horizontal planes.

In addition, the bases of the screw blades are made with rigid guides bent in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the drums.

In this case, the radii of the rear pulleys of the conveyors are equal to the radius of curvature of the protrusions of the branches of the conveyors having a wavy shape.

FIG. 1 shows a tobacco harvester, side view; in fig. 2 - the same, front view; in fig. 3 - sheet separator; in fig. 4 — cleaning section; in fig. 5 shows section A-A in FIG. one; in fig. 6Transporter, top view; in fig. 7 - bunker in working position; in fig. 8 - the same during the unloading period.

The tobacco harvester contains self-propelled engines 1 (Figs. 1 and 2), on which harvesting sections 2 are assembled, consisting of conveyors 3 for holding tobacco leaves with two adjacent branches 4 and 5, of a sheet-separator 6 (Fig. 3) consisting of inclined drums 7 with screw blades 8 and ending with rollers 9, and roller conveyors 10 for removal of leaves separated from the stems from the harvesting zone.

The harvesting section 2 (Fig. 4) is pivotally attached to the chassis frame 1 by means of the coupling 11 and has the ability to swing around the axis 12 in the vertical plane and around the axis 13 in the horizontal plane from the impact of the plant stem on it and at the same time is the sensor of the automatic driving tracking system by plant series.

On branches x 4 and 5 (figs. 3, 5 and 6) of conveyors 3, for feeding and holding plants, wavy elastic elements 14 are fixed one opposite the other on adjacent branches x. Conveyor 3 is installed at an angle Qt to the horizon with the front part and the side branches down at an angle relative to the axis of the row. The radii of the rear pulleys of the conveyors 3 are equal to the radius of curvature of the protrusions of the branches of the conveyors, having a wavy shape.

The propeller blades 8 (Fig. 5) of the separator 6 consist of two parts — rigid guides 15 and an elastic part 16 with protrusions 17. Rigid guides 15

The sections have a curvilinear shape with a twist angle to the opposite rotation of the axes of the drums 7. Elastic elements 18 are fixed in the space between the blades 8, which are installed at or with some diameter of the blade located on the back side of the blades during the rotation of the axes of the drums 7 of the separator 6 having a curved shape.

Rollers 10 (Fig. 3 and 5) for removing the leaves 19 separated from the stems have drums 20 of elastic material, which close the working gap under the leaf separator 6 and prevent leaf loss.

5 The conveyor 21 (Fig. 3) is installed in a horizontal plane below the roller table 10 and has a cellular form. Inclined paired conveyors 22 are installed behind the conveyor 21.

The bunker 23 (Fig. 7 and 8) for the harvested leaves is located on the chassis frame 1, the upper part of which is somewhat lower than the upper part of the inclined conveyor 22, and the bottom is higher than the plants. The bottom 24 of the bunker 23 is at the same time the conveyor, to the belt 25 5 of which are attached the side walls 26 installed in the guides 27 by means of the grippers 28. The combine also has passive guides 29.

Tobacco harvester works as follows.

When the combine moves along a series of plants, the latter is oriented by passive guides 29 (Fig. 4) and conveyors 3 along the working gap of the harvesting section 2, the section deviating from 5 the plant stalks affecting it and sending a signal to the tracking system of automatic driving, as a result, the combine moves along the axis of the rows.

The wave-like elastic elements 14 (Figs. 5 and 6) of the conveyor 3, branches 4 and 5 of which are installed on both sides of the row axis, form a cell that embraces and holds the plant stem during the passage through the separator 6. At the same time, the horizontal component 5 This conveyor 3 is equal to or more than the translational speed of the combine and is directed in the opposite direction, which allows the plant stems to be kept upright.

Branches 4 and 5 of the conveyor 3 are installed

with the angle of collapse f relative to the axis of

plants, which gives the cell a cone-shaped shape, which allows to collect the leaves located above the harvesting area in a bundle without causing the last mechanical damage. Installing the conveyor 3 with its front part at an angle to the horizon contributes to the sliding of the elastic elements 14 from bottom to top, which aligns the curved and deviated from the axis of the row

plants. The camber angle p, for example, may be in the range of 10-15 °, and the angle o (- in the range of 5-7 °.

The wave-like elements 14 are structurally designed so that protrusions are formed in the lead-in part, ensuring reliable planting of the plants in the conveyor belt, and at the exit from it are transferred to a circle for a smooth exit of the plants.

The leaves are separated from the stems by elastic blades 8 (Figs. 3 and 5) of the separator 6. The protrusions 17 form, when rotated, a running cell of varying shape depending on the diameter of the stem, which contributes to the complete harvesting of tobacco leaves. Screw blades 8, having a curved shape in cross section and elastic elements 18, mounted on the back side on a diameter equal to or larger than the diameter of the blades, contribute to the reduction of mechanical damage to the leaves. When the axes of the drums 7 are rotated, the sheet shredder 6 first leaves the tobacco in contact with the rigid guide 15 of the blades 8 and the elastic elements 18 and are bent down under their action downwards without mechanical damage. The elastic part 16 of the helical blade 8 with the protrusions 17 produces separation of the leaves from the stems by striking the leaf stem near the place of attachment to the stem. The leaves attached to the stem are removed by rollers 9 and, together with the separated leaves, are fed by roller table 10 to conveyor 21 and then by conveyors 22 to bunker 23. Brush drums 20 of roller tables 10 prevent loss of separated leaves

falling along the axis of the row.

The unloading of the hopper 23 (Fig. 7 and 8) is as follows. Since the walls 26 of the bunker 23 are connected by a gripper 28 to the conveyor belt 25, rotation of the conveyor causes the walls of the bunker 23 to move, which are installed in the guides 27. Full extension of the bunker 23 completes the unloading of the collected tobacco. By the reverse movement of the conveyor, the hopper 23 returns to its original position.

20

The use of the proposed tobacco harvester can reduce the mechanical damage to tobacco leaves and improve the reliability of the technological process of leaf harvesting and device productivity.

FIG. 2 / f damw 72

4

Claims (3)

1. TOBACCO HARVESTER containing a self-propelled chassis on which a conveyor is mounted on the frame for holding tobacco leaves with two adjacent branches, a leaf separator made in the form of obliquely mounted drums with helical blades, roller tables for removing the separated leaves, horizontal and inclined paired tape conveyors, and a hopper, characterized in that, in order to increase its productivity by reducing losses and mechanical damage to leaves, branches of conveyors for holding tobacco th leaves are made of a wave-like shape from elastic material and are installed obliquely to the horizon with the front part and side branches down, the edges of the helical blades are also wave-like. the shape, elastic elements are installed between the blades, and a pair of drums made of elastic material is located under the blades, the bottom of the hopper is made in the form of a conveyor with side § walls attached to its belt installed in the j guides installed on the frame, the frame is pivotally connected 1G / 1 to the chassis by means of a coupling having two degrees of freedom - in the vertical 14 ·· “and horizontal planes. Ts Fi 2.1 2. The harvester according to π. 1, characterized in that the base of the screw blades are made with rigid guides, curved in the opposite direction of rotation of the drums side. 3. The harvester according to π. 1, characterized in that the radii of the rear pulleys of the conveyors are equal to the radius of curvature of the protrusions of the branches of the conveyors having a wavy shape.