RU201555U1 - DEVICE FOR SEPARATING ROOT HEADS IN A HARVESTING COMBINE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering and can be used in the construction of machines for harvesting root crops. A device for separating a heap of root crops in a combine harvester is proposed, consisting of a bar with blades located on it, which are equipped with a torsion spring with a support element and elongated straight ends, sealed into the body of the blade, the bar is equipped with stops with which the supporting elements contact, and the blades are made of polyurethane, both ends of the bar are located in clamps, which are fixed in brackets attached to the sides of the harvester conveyor, and equipped with many holes for fixing the clamps. In this case, both ends of the rod can be made with grooves. Additionally, the boom is equipped with stops, and each support element is located between the stop and the stop. The technical result is increased productivity, reduced labor costs for the bulkhead, improved screening quality, and increased service life of the device.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering and can be used in the design of machines for harvesting root crops.

Known root and tubercle harvester [SU 735205], including sequentially mounted on the frame of the copying wheels, digging the working bodies, a separating elevator, above the web of which there is a flow divider containing a frame with combs installed on it, the fingers of which are made elastic, conveying and unloading devices. Moreover, the fingers of each subsequent comb along the technological process are made with increasing rigidity. And in order to change the angle of inclination of the combs, the latter are pivotally fixed on the frame and pivotally connected to each other by means of a longitudinal rod connected to the frame by an adjusting mechanism.

Known separating device root and tuber harvesting machine [RU 2267901], containing a sieving elevator and installed above it in the direction of movement of the heap separation intensifiers with fingers. Separation intensifiers are made in the form of a set of sequentially located drive shafts with fingers placed on them by means of transition elements, while the fingers in the transition elements are displaced from one another at an angle of 120 °, and each shaft is connected to its rotation drive by means of a single-stage planetary gearbox.

The closest to the proposed one is the leveler in the design of the potato harvester KKU-1 (POO "Tekhmash", Republic of Belarus) [Operation manual KKU-100.000 RE Internet resource https://agtz.ru/upload/iblock/fde/kku_1.pdf ]. Such a leveler has the form of a bar with rubber blades fixed to it. The blades are equipped with a torsion spring with elongated straight ends embedded in the blade body. The rod is fixed to the body.

The disadvantage of the known device is the low wear resistance of the blades, due to their manufacture of rubber, the inability to adjust separately in height and angle of inclination, as well as the possibility of the blades getting stuck in the inoperative position.

The technical task is to increase the wear resistance of the blades, to provide the possibility of independent adjustment of the height and angle of inclination of the blades, to ensure a constant working position of the blades.

The technical problem is solved through the use of polyurethane as the material of the blades, the installation of the rod on the body with the possibility of rotation and fixation in various angular positions, as well as the presence of stops and stops that prevent the blades from moving into the non-working position.

A device for separating a heap of root crops as part of a harvester is proposed, consisting of a bar with blades located on it, which are equipped with a torsion spring with a supporting element and elongated straight ends embedded in the body of the blade, the bar is equipped with stops with which the supporting elements are in contact, and the blades are made made of polyurethane, both ends of the boom are located in clamps, which are fixed in brackets attached to the sides of the harvester conveyor, and equipped with many holes for fixing the clamps. In this case, both ends of the rod can be made with grooves. Additionally, the bar is equipped with stops, and each support element is located between the stop and the stop.

FIG. 1 shows a general view of the device.

FIG. 2 shows a bar with corrugation.

FIG. 3 shows one of the ends of the rod when it is made from a pipe with smooth flanges.

FIG. 4 shows the clamp.

FIG. 5 shows a blade with a spring

FIG. 6 shows a section of the device in the center of one of the blades when the rod is equipped with limiters.

A heap is a mixture of crops, soil, small stones and plant residues.

A device for separating a heap of root crops as part of a harvester consists of a bar 1 with blades 2 located on it, which are equipped with a torsion spring 3 with a support element 4 and elongated straight ends 5 embedded in the body of the blade 2, the bar 1 is equipped with stops 6 with which they contact supporting elements 4, both ends of the rod 1 are located in clamps 7, which are fixed in brackets 8 attached to the sides of the harvester conveyor (not shown in the figures) and equipped with a plurality of holes 9. Both ends of the rod 1 can be corrugated. Each support element 4 can be located between the stop 6 and the stop 10.

The bodies of the blades 2 are made of polyurethane (for example, hot curing SUREEL TF-228 with hardener URELINK-107, cold curing Poly 75-70, cold curing Silagerm 6070P, etc.). The use of polyurethane instead of rubber preserves the ability of the blades 2 not to damage the harvested crop. The blades 2 are installed on the rod 1 in series and independently of each other. The number of blades 2 on each rod 1 and their size can be different. The sectional shape of the bodies of the blades 2 is rectangular or close to rectangular. Rod 1 can be a cylindrical rod or pipe, at the ends of which flanges are welded. In this case, at the ends of the rod 1 there may be corrugations to increase the reliability of its fixation with clamps 7. If the rod 1 is made in the form of a pipe with flanges, the latter can be hardened to increase the service life of such corrugation. Spring 3 has a cylindrical part consisting of at least 2 turns. The inner diameter of the cylindrical part of the spring 3 is slightly larger than the diameter of the rod 1, to ensure a small gap between them. The supporting element 4 is presented in the form of a C-shaped transition from one half of the spring 3 to the other. The clamp 7 is made according to the principle of a split ring with developed sides, in which there are holes for fastening in the brackets 8. The brackets 8 can be made in the form of a U-shaped profile (for example, a channel), the base of which is attached to the sides of the conveyor, and is located between the sidewalls clamp 7, for fixing which there are many paired holes 9 in the sidewalls 9. The holes 9 of one sidewall of the bracket 8 are made at such a distance from each other to ensure that the clamping height of the clamp 7 is varied without significant loss of its strength. The stop 6 is located in the center of the spring 3 inside the support element 4, and the stop 10 is outside. Stop 6 and stop 10 can be fasteners (for example, a bolt, screw, screw, etc.).

The assembly of the device is carried out as follows.

On the bar 1, one after another, the blades 2 are put on with their springs 3. After that, stops 6 and stops 10 are fixed in the bar 1. Then the bar 1 is located in the clamps 7, which are installed on the brackets 8 at a height that provides the required clearance between the end of the blades 2 and surface of the conveyor belt. In this case, the bar 1 is fixed in the clamps 7 ensuring the required angle of inclination of the blades 2. The proposed devices are adjustable in height and angle to create such a force of the springs 3 of the blades 2 on the earth lumps, at which they break, and the dug out agricultural crop moves unhindered further along the conveyor belt ... Adjustment of the boom 1 with blades 2 in height, regardless of their angle of inclination, is necessary to increase the efficiency of breaking earth clods and depends on the harvesting of a particular agricultural crop, the type of soil and weather conditions.

The device works as follows.

When harvesting potatoes or other agricultural crops (for example, onions, carrots, etc.), they, together with earth lumps, stones and tops, are fed to a conveyor belt, over which several rows of the proposed devices are installed. When transporting such a heap by a conveyor belt, the blades 2 are bent in the direction of the conveyor movement, while the supporting elements 4 abut against the stops 6 and due to the elastic force of their springs 3, the blades 2 return with acceleration to their original position, breaking the lumps. Limiters 10 prevent excessive rotation of the blades 2 around the rod 1 due to contact with the supporting elements 4, thereby preventing the blade 2 from getting stuck in the inoperative position. In this case, the roots move further along the conveyor belt, and broken lumps and small stones are sifted between the bars of the conveyor belt and removed. The presence of the device allows high-quality leveling of the transported heap and sifting of its small particles due to long-term preservation of the working surfaces of the blades 2 without significant wear.

Using the U8 channel as a bracket 8, 5 paired holes 9 were made in each of them with a distance of 100 mm between the upper and lower holes 9. According to the results of tests in real conditions, the sidewalls of the brackets 8 were not deformed.

The possibility of independent adjustment of the position of the device in height and angle of inclination of the blades 2 ensures the achievement of the maximum effect of breaking lumps when the combine is operating in various soil and weather conditions. Recommended adjustment of the angle of inclination of the blades 2 from 45 ° to 90 ° to the conveyor belt.

The utility model was realized under the following conditions:

material of springs 3 - wires 60S2A-N-2-KhN-6;

number of working turns - 8;

straight ends length 5 - 200 mm;

the outer diameter of the cylindrical part of the springs is 3 - 50 mm;

inner diameter of the cylindrical part of the springs 3 - 38 mm;

material of the body of blades 2 - hot-curing polyurethane SUREL TF-228 with hardener URELINK-107.

Under these conditions, the force developed by the spring 3, installed perpendicular to the conveyor belt was 186 N, and by the spring 3, installed at 45 ° to the conveyor belt, was 131.6 N.

The wear control of the blade body 2 was carried out by weighing after a long period of operation. In the case of making the body of the blades 2 made of rubber, the weight reduction (and, accordingly, the wear) was 21%, and when the body of the blades 2 was made of polyurethane, the weight reduction was 11%. Accordingly, the wear of the body of the blades 2, made of polyurethane, is approximately 2 times less than for rubber.

According to the test results during the operation of the combine with the proposed device, the number of tubers in the heap of potatoes entering the combine bunker increases by 8.5%, the amount of soil decreases by 7.5%, the number of stones does not change significantly, the amount of plant residues decreases by 1.2 %.

When working without a device on heavy loamy soils in unfavorable weather conditions, the harvester does not fulfill the agrotechnical requirements for the number of tubers in a heap of potatoes in the bunker (at least 80%). At the same time, the workers working on the bulkhead do not have time to remove stones and plant residues that are not sifted out on the primary and transverse conveyors, which leads to the need for the combine to stop to clear the bulkhead from stones, soil and plants that clog it. When working with the device in a heap, the content of impurities is much lower. Thus, the installation of the device made it possible to increase the speed of the unit and avoid downtime, which increased harvesting productivity by 12.5%.

The technical result is to increase productivity, reduce labor costs for the bulkhead, improve the quality of screening, increase the service life of the device.

Claims (3)

1. A device for separating a heap of root crops as part of a harvester, consisting of a bar with blades located on it, which are equipped with a torsion spring with a supporting element and elongated straight ends embedded in the body of the blade, the bar is equipped with stops with which the supporting elements are in contact. that the blades are made of polyurethane, both ends of the boom are located in clamps, which are fixed in brackets attached to the sides of the harvester conveyor and equipped with many holes for fixing the clamps. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that both ends of the rod are corrugated. 3. Device according to any one of paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the bar is equipped with stops, and each support element is located between the stop and the stop.

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