RU2450518C2 - Method of biological protection and improvement of productivity of winter wheat - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to biotechnology. The method includes the selection of strains with signs of growth-initiating and fungistatic action from the roots of wild plants of way barley growing in the range of 1500-2000 m above sea level, and subsequent processing with them of crops of winter wheat. At that wheat is treated in two phases - in spring during aftergrowing - with growth-initiating bacteria, and in the phase of flowering beginning - with fungistatic ones.

EFFECT: invention enables due to alternate use of strains of two kinds of associative bacteria with different properties (growth-initiating and fungistatic), to reduce the incidence of a disease of plants of winter wheat, and increase its productivity.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to a method for the biological protection of plants from pathogenic fungi, and can find application in agriculture in the cultivation of field crops in biological farming.

There is a method in which to reduce the incidence of phytopathogens and improve plant growth, bacterial strains of Pseudomonas (patent No. 2352629, published April 20, 2009) and bacteria of the river are used. Bacillus (patent No. 2140138 published on November 13, 1998; patent GB 2170987 A dated February 14, 1985).

In the first method, the strains are used on oil-contaminated soils. However, in the crop rotation system, where pathogenic microflora accumulate in the soil, which causes diseases and reduces the growth and development of plants, their use is ineffective.

In the other methods mentioned, Bacillus-based preparations are used to protect vegetable and grain plants from fungal diseases.

The closest technical solution is a method in which associative rhizobacteria are isolated from the rhizosphere of shoot-forming woodgrass plants and creeping wheatgrass growing at mountain altitudes in the range of 1500-2000 m above sea level in natural phytocenoses (patent No. 2321252, published 02.10.2007).

However, the prototype method has several disadvantages:

- ineffective in improving the growth and development of plants;

- selected strains have a narrow distribution area;

- selected strains of rhizospheric bacteria were tested on only one type of disease - spike fusarium (Fusarium graminearum L.).

The technical result is the expansion of the assortment of strains of rhizospheric bacteria with antifungal activity and growth-stimulating effect on plants.

The technical solution of the claimed object lies in the fact that the selection of strains with signs of growth-promoting and fungistatic action is carried out from the roots of rabbit barley and they process winter wheat crops in two phases - in the spring when growing with growth-promoting bacteria and in the summer at the onset of flowering - fungistatic.

The method is as follows.

Strain 17-1 of fungistatic action (Pseudomonas fluorescens - isolated from the rhizosphere of rabbit barley - Hordeum leporinum L. in the steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania) and strain 38-22 growth-promoting action (Sphingomonas spirivorum - isolated from the rhizosphere of the barley forest of the Republic of barley rabbit Ossetia-Alania) is used on crops of winter wheat, processing it in the spring in the growing phase, and a second time in the summer - at the beginning of flowering both separately in different plots, and alternately on the same plot. Sprayed with a culture fluid of bacteria at a rate of 2 l / ha. A control plot is water-treated plots (both strains were deposited in the All-Russian State Collection of Non-Pathogenic Agricultural Microorganisms (CIAM) of the All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology - St. Petersburg).

Example 1. On plots treated once in the spring in the regrowth phase, the development of diseases (septoria, fusariosis and powdery mildew) was recorded in the grain formation phase, and after ripening, the yield of winter wheat was determined.

The results are presented in table 1, which show that the degree of disease development relative to control in the variant with strain 38-22 was lower by 17.5%, in the variant with strain 17-1 - by 35.3%, and the yield was higher by 18 , 6 and 15.2%, respectively.

Table 1 Efficiency of strains of rhizospheric bacteria when introduced in spring in the growing phase of winter wheat Option The development of phytopathogens in the phase of grain formation,% Productivity c / ha Increase c / ha % 1. Control 89.4 23.1 - - 2. 38-22 71.9 27.4 4.3 18.6 3.17-1 54.1 26.6 3,5 15,2

Example 2. On plots treated once in the summer in the phase of the onset of flowering, the percentage of development of the diseases named in example 1 was determined, and after ripening, the yield.

The results of the experiment, shown in table 2, indicate that relative to the control, the degree of disease development was lower in the variant with strain 38-22 by 27.4%, and with strain 17-1 - by 38.0%. The yield, as in experiment 1, was higher by 9.5 and 14.7%, respectively.

table 2 Efficiency of strains of rhizospheric bacteria when introduced in the phase of the onset of flowering of winter wheat Option The development of phytopathogens in the phase of grain formation,% Productivity c / ha Increase c / ha % 1. Control 89.4 23.1 - - 2. 38-22 62.0 25.3 2.2 9.5 3.17-1 51,4 26.5 3.4 14.7

The data obtained show that, according to the yield increase, strain 38-22 is more effective when introduced in the spring to the growing phase of winter wheat than at the beginning of flowering, and strain 17-1 is inferior in the first case and superior in the second. According to the degree of suppression of pathogens, strain 17-1 is more effective than strain 38-22.

Example 3. On plots treated twice: in the spring during the growing phase of winter wheat with a strain of 38-22 and in summer at the beginning of flowering with a strain of 17-1, the percentage of disease development was determined, and after ripening, the yield.

The data of the third experiment are shown in table 3, which indicate that here the degree of disease development was the lowest. It was 46.1% relative to the control, and the yield increase was the highest and reached 24.2%.

Table 3 The effectiveness of rhizosphere bacteria strains when introducing strain 38-22 in the phase of regrowth of winter wheat and strain 17-1 in the phase of the onset of flowering Option The development of phytopathogens in the phase of grain formation,% Productivity c / ha Increase c / ha % 1. Control 89.4 23.1 - - 2. 38-22 + 17-1 43.3 28.7 5,6 24.2

Thus, in the early stages of plant development, growth-promoting biological products should be used, and later, during the period of intensive development of diseases (the onset of flowering), biological preparations with a fungistatic effect.

Claims (1)

A method of biological protection and increasing the productivity of winter wheat, including the selection of strains of associative rhizobacteria, carried out from the rhizosphere of wild-growing cereal plants growing in the altitude range of 1500-2000 m above sea level, characterized by the selection of strains of associative rhizobacteria with signs of growth-promoting and fungistatic action with plant roots hare barley and they process winter wheat crops in two phases - in the spring when growing - growth-stimulating strains, and in the phase scarlet flowering - fungistats strains.