RU2321252C2 - Method for biological protection of plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: protection of plants, in particular, biological protection of plants from pathogenic fungi.

SUBSTANCE: method involves before sowing process, treating seeds with aqueous solution of associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria selected from rhizosphera of creeping bent and creeping false wheat plants, said plants growing in natural plant associations of mountain meadows at altitude ranging between 1,500 and 2,000 m above sea level.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in controlling of pathogenic fungi.

2 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to methods of plant protection using biologically active substances - associative bacteria and may find application in phytopathology, agriculture, crop production.

A known method of plant protection, in which associative bacteria are used, selected in the rhizosphere of plants of cereal grasses. (Nikitochkina T.D., Onushko T.N. Efficiency of biological products in vegetable, fruit and decorative crops // Chemistry in Agriculture, No. 9, 1997, p.10-12).

The disadvantage of this method is the lengthy process of preparing a biological product based on nitrogen-fixing associative bacteria, which complicates the method.

As a prototype, a method can be adopted that includes the isolation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the plant rhizosphere, their dilution in an aqueous solution with further seed treatment before sowing (Ermolaeva NI, Ivanova NI, etc. Biological products based on rhizospheric pseudomonas // Protection plants, No. 8, 1992, p.24-25).

The disadvantage of the prototype method is that in order to obtain bacteria having a fungicidal property, special growing of plants having such bacteria strains in the rhizosphere is necessary.

The purpose of the invention is to simplify the method, expanding the assortment of plants with a maximum number of associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria with high fungicidal activity.

This goal is achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the prototype method, bacteria are selected in the rhizosphere of Pinnatifolia and Creeper wheatgrass growing in natural phytocenoses of mountain meadows in the altitude range of 1500-2000 m above sea level, followed by seed treatment before sowing.

The method is as follows.

In mountainous regions at an altitude in the range of 1500-2000 m above sea level in the root-inhabited layer of plants of creeping wheatgrass (Elytrigia repens) and shoot-forming bentwood (Agrostis stolonifera), strains of nitrogen-fixing associative bacteria together with a soil lump were selected. Bacteria were selected according to their ability to suppress phytopathogenic fungi. As a test phytopathogenic fungus, Fusarium graminearum, the pathogen of fusarium spike, was selected.

The justification of the selected parameters of mountain altitudes (1500-2000 m above sea level) is explained by the higher nitrogen-fixing ability of associative bacteria in the presence of readily available energy material of root secretions - organic substances of mountain vegetation of natural phytocenoses, light intensity, sharp temperature changes, maximum photosynthesis rate.

Example 1. The roots of wheat grass creeping were washed in sterile water and homogenized. After 4 days of incubation at a temperature of 28 ° C, the dominant colonies isolated by morphological characters were isolated. Seeds of watercress, wheat, tomato were soaked for 1 hour in the culture fluid and its dilutions at a concentration of 1:10. The control option was seeds soaked in water and in a sterile nutrient medium.

Example 2. At an altitude of 1500 m above sea level, bacteria were selected in the rhizosphere of a shoot-forming bentwood as in the first example. After incubation of the bacteria in a culture liquid of a concentration of 1:10, seeds of table rutabaga, wheat and watercress were germinated.

The results of the experiments are summarized in tables 1 and 2.

Table 1. Fungistatic activity of bacteria selected from the rhizosphere of plants of different natural zones (%) Host plant Natural areas Forest-steppe 500-600 m asl Subalpine 1500-2000 m asl Alpine 2500-3000 m asl Creeping wheatgrass (Elytrigia repens) 40,0 60.0 11.1 Polevoboobrazuyuschaya (Agrostis stolonifera) 38.1 40,0 0 Timothy grass meadow (Phleym pretense) - 17.7 12.5 Hedgehog team (Dactylis glomerata) - 5.9 -

Table 2. Fungistatic effect of isolated rhizobacteria on crops (%) The culture Bacteria isolated plants wheat grass creeping shoot-forming field timothy grass cocksfoot Watercress 78.6 69.3 14.5 9.3 Swede 68,4 84.2 31.6 12.8 Wheat 81.2 73,2 23.1 18.5 Corn 69.7 72.0 33.1 11.8 Tomatoes 79,4 58.5 20.8 21.6

From the above data it can be seen that the nitrogen-fixing bacteria of wheatgrass and field grass isolated from the mountain zone have a high fungicidal effect.

Therefore, by selecting bacteria from the soil in the root-inhabited layer of new plants, biologically safe plant protection products can be obtained.

Claims (1)

A method of biological protection of plants from pathogenic fungi, including the isolation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, their cultivation in an aqueous solution with further seed treatment before sowing, characterized in that the selection of bacteria is carried out on shoot-forming woodgrass plants and creeping wheatgrass growing in natural phytocenoses of mountain meadows in a height range of 1500 -2000 m above sea level.