RU2386241C1 - Method of protection of fruit from fungus diseases - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to agriculture, particularly to horticulture. The method consists in treatment of growing trees with a preparation corresponding to a mixture of suspensions of micro-organism strains Pseudomonas species 17-2 and Bacillus subtilis B-14 taken at ratio 1:1 with concentration (2-5)×10⁷ of cells/ml. Also trees are treated in terms of 5-10 ml of suspension per one fruit tree. Vegetative fruit trees are treated starting from a phenological stage "end of blossoming" to a phenological phase "beginning of fruit growth" including.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of fruit trees protection from fungus diseases and reduced consumption rate of preparation.

2 cl, 3 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to gardening, and can be used to protect fruit crops from fungal diseases, mainly from the pathogen of fruit rot Physalospora piricola.

Currently, to protect fruit crops from fungal diseases, contact fungicides are mainly used at the beginning of the growing season of trees in the green cone phenophases - “beginning of flowering”. To protect fruit crops, a number of relatively new drugs are used, annually published in the “List of pesticides and agrochemicals approved for use in the Russian Federation”. These include systemic fungicides, in particular the azole class - scor, impact, vectra, bogard, topaz, bayleton, privent, saprol; class of strobilurins - strobe, but; class pyrimidinecarbanols - rubigan. These drugs, which have approximately the same high biological efficiency at low consumption rates, rapid degradation, are used mainly in the first half of the fruit tree vegetation. However, their use causes a number of irreversible negative consequences, leading not only to lower yields, but also to the death of gardens.

A known method of protecting fruit crops (Storozhenko EM Diseases of fruit crops and grapes: a Handbook. - Krasnodar, 1970. - 204 p.), By sequentially treating fruit trees first with contact fungicide - 3% Bordeaux mixture (blue vitriol) phenophase "green cone", and then 1% Bordeaux mixture in the amount of 5-8 sprayings.

The disadvantage of this method is the gradual decrease in the sensitivity of pathogens of fungal diseases of fruit crops to fungicides, which requires an increase in the number of treatments and the amount of fungicide introduced. As a result of this, the amount of copper sulfate used annually per hectare of the garden reached 160-200 kg, which in turn led to the copper content exceeding the natural background by 95 times in the soil, and the maximum allowable level in the fruits by 5 times, in groundwater, the maximum permissible concentration is 30 times (Podgornaya M.E. Copper content in apple fruits, depending on variety and frequency of use // Agrotechnical method in protecting plants from harmful organisms. - Krasnodar, 2002. - P.72-73 )

A known method of protecting an apple tree from scab, which involves treating the apple tree in the phenophase “end of flowering” - “the beginning of fruit growth” with systemic fungicides by alternating during the same growing season preparations of the azole and strobilurin classes (Maryukhina A.G., Boyko A.P. Vinokurov N. B., Gavrilov A.A. But in the system of protecting the apple tree from scab // Protection and Plant Quarantine. - 2001. - No. 4. - P.25-26).

The disadvantage of this method is that after 3-5 years of using such a system of application of drugs, the emergence of resistance of pathogens to fungicides that immediately belong to two chemical classes occurs, leading first to the need to increase the consumption rate of drugs and the frequency of spraying, and then to complete failure from the fungicides used due to the inefficiency of further treatments (Sokolov MS, Monastyrsky OA, Pikushova EA. Ecologization of plant protection. - Pushchino: ONTI PNC RAS, 1994. - 462 p.).

Closest to the claimed method - the prototype, is a method of combating scab apple trees, which consists in the fact that during the growing season of the apple tree on it and on the soil surface is applied the biological product trichodermin (Trichoderma viride strain TK-10), while the drug is applied as a suspension in a concentration of 4-5% based on 20 kg / ha during the initial infection of an apple tree in 2-3 periods with an interval of 8-11 days (Application No. 93050147, class A01N 63/00, publ. 01.20.97).

The disadvantages of this method are the low efficiency and high consumption of the biological product.

An object of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the known method and reduce the rate of consumption of a biological product.

The technical task is achieved by the claimed method, which consists in the following.

During the period of maximum risk of the development of fungal diseases from the end of flowering phenophase to the beginning of fruit growth phenophase inclusively, fruit trees are treated with a preparation consisting of a mixture of cell suspensions of microorganism strains Pseudomonas species 17-2 (Ps-1) and Basillus subtilis B-14 (Bs-6) taken in a 1: 1 ratio with a titer of (2-5) × 10 ⁷ cells / ml with a consumption rate of 5-10 ml per fruit tree. The drug before use is diluted in water at a rate of 5-10 ml per liter for processing one fruit tree.

The strain Pseudomonas species 17-2 is donated at the Research Institute "Collection of microorganism cultures" SSC WB "VECTOR", under registration number B-696. The strain is stored in a freeze-dried state.

The strain Bacillus subtilis B-14 is donated at the Research Institute "Collection of microorganism cultures" SSC WB "VECTOR", under registration number B-1149. The strain is stored in a freeze-dried state.

For the cultivation of strains of Bacillus subtilis B-14 (Bs B-14) and Pseudomonas species 17-2 (Ps 17-2), simple and complex nutrient media are used, for example, LB medium of the following composition, g / l: peptone - 10.0, yeast extract - 5.0, sodium chloride - 10.0, water - up to 1 liter.

The cultivation is carried out at 28-30 ° C for 16-36 hours until the culture density (cell titer) of 10 ⁹ -10 ¹⁰ cells per ml. The resulting suspension is diluted to a titer of 10 ⁶ -10 ⁷ cells / ml and used to protect fruit crops from phytopathogens.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples of specific performance.

Example 1. The study of the antagonistic activity of the complex of strains of Ps 17-2, and Bs B-14

The bacterial culture was sown with a continuous "lawn" on the surface of nutrient agar (LB medium) and grown at 28 ° C for 2-3 days. Then discs of agar medium (agar blocks) with a culture of a new complex of strains were cut out and placed on a continuous “lawn” test culture. To obtain a continuous “lawn”, Chapek’s medium or potato agar was inoculated with an in-depth test culture at a rate of about 100 spores per ml of medium. Cups with a continuous "lawn" of the test culture coated with agar blocks with cells of a new complex of strains Ps 17-2 and Bs B-14 were placed in a thermostat at 28-30 ° C for 3-6 days. Accounting was carried out for zones of absence or inhibition of fungal growth around the disk with cells of the strain complex. The test results showed that the new complex of strains Ps l7-2 and Bs B-14 has an increased antagonistic effect against the pathogen of fruit rot Physalospora piricola.

Example 2

The study of the antagonistic activity of the complex of strains of Ps 17-2 and Bs B-14 depending on the concentration used was carried out by the method of agar blocks as in Example 1. As a test culture, the phytopathogen Physalospora piricola was used. As a comparison, the antagonistic activity of trichodermin (prototype) and strains Ps-1 and Bs-6, taken separately, were studied. The results are presented in tables 1, 2. From tables 1, 2 it is seen that the proposed complex of strains Ps 17-2 and Bs B-14 is 2 times more effective than the prototype (strain Trichoderma viride) and strains Ps 17-2 and Bs B- 14 taken separately.

Example 3

The experiment was conducted on Fushi apple trees of 10 years old, in each version - 20 trees, all trees grew under the same conditions in one section of the nursery of the agricultural academy. Trees were treated by spraying with the claimed complex of microorganisms 5 times during the growing season from phenophase “end of flowering” to phenophase “beginning of fruit growth” inclusive. As a comparison, chemical treatment in the same phases. Fruit trees were treated with a preparation consisting of a mixture of cell suspensions of strains of the microorganisms Pseudomonas species 17-2 (Ps 17-2) and Basillus subtilis B-14 (Bs B-14), taken in a 1: 1 ratio with a titer of 5 × 10 ⁷ cells / ml Before use, the drug was diluted in water at the rate of 5-10 ml per liter for processing one fruit tree of an apple tree. As a chemical fungicide, a mixture of a 50% solution of thiophan (Thiophanatemethil) and a 70% solution of mancozeb (Mancozeb), taken in a ratio of 1: 1 at the rate of 1 ml per 1 liter of water for processing one fruit tree, was used. Control trees were treated with water. The results of the experiment are presented in table 3, which shows that the biological treatment with a mixture of microorganisms is not inferior in chemical treatment to the effectiveness, while the weight of fresh apples increases, and the number of infected leaves decreases.

Using the proposed method will allow, in comparison with the prototype:

- to ensure the protection of fruit trees (apple trees) from diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi, in particular, the pathogen of fruit rot Physalospora piricola;

- reduce the rate of consumption of the biological product.

The way to protect fruit crops from fungal diseases

Table 1 The concentration of antagonistic microorganism (CFU / ml) Pathogen Growth Diameter (mm) Trichodermin (prototype) Bs b-14 Ps 17-2 microorganism complex 10 ⁵ 29th 23 23 21 10 ⁶ 17 fifteen 12 7 10 ⁷ 8 - four -

table 2 The concentration of antagonistic microorganism (CFU / ml) The number of matured pathogen spores in relation to the control (%) Trichodermin (prototype) Bsb-14 Ps 17-2 microorganism complex 5 × 10 ⁶ 79 75 74 65 1 × 10 ⁷ 44 43 36 32 5 × 10 ⁷ 25 24 19 12

Table 3 September 5th October 14 number of fallen apples (%) average fruit diameter (cm) number of fallen apples (%) number of infected fruits (%) Biological effective. processing (%) weight of 100 fresh apples (kg) number of infected leaves (%) one. Biocomplex 2.81 6.52 4.78 2,35 82,2 17.46 5.78 2. Chemical preparation 3.21 6.32 4.67 1.94 87.1 15.75 6.92 3. The control 8.43 6.25 19.15 14.86 15.61 32.71

Claims (2)

1. A method of protecting fruit crops from fungal diseases, including treating vegetating trees with a biological product, characterized in that a mixture of suspensions of microorganisms Pseudomonas species 17-2 and Bacillus subtilis B-14 taken in a ratio of 1: 1 with a concentration of 2 is used as a biological product -5) · 10 ⁷ cells / ml, while the processing of trees is carried out at the rate of 5-10 ml of suspension per fruit tree. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing of vegetative fruit trees is carried out from phenophase "end of flowering" to phenophase "beginning of fruit growth" inclusive.