RU2446068C2 - Absorbing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to transport machine building. Proposed absorber comprises cylinder with two intercommunicated chambers filled with visco-elastic fluid. In one of said chambers accommodates cylinder bottom and rod-piston to allow working fluid overflow. Besides, flexible elements are arranged in one of said chambers aligned with cylinder body. Elastic elements are made from visco-elastic material divided by separators. Said separators are aligned with said body and have diametral grooves, orifices and central channels to allow overflow of said visco-elastic fluid between said chambers.

EFFECT: improved ergonomics and dissipative properties of absorber.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a transport mechanical engineering and is intended for absorption and dissipation of shock energy in the coupling devices of vehicles.

Known absorbing apparatus (patent No. 2083406, IPC B61G 11/12, publ. 07/10/97), containing a housing with a bottom, in which there is a thrust plate interacting with a plunger, between which and the bottom of the housing are elastic elements, and a compensation chamber . The casing of the compensation chamber is fixed on the housing and made rigid and tight, and the internal cavity, which is connected by the throttle channel to the internal space of the housing of the absorbing apparatus, filled in the same way as the lower part of the compensation chamber with working fluid. At the top of the compensation chamber is air. Elastic elements are made in the form of elastomeric-metal. The throttle channel is located in the bottom of the housing of the absorbing apparatus and has an entrance located in the upper part of the bottom and an outlet connected with the internal cavity of the compensation chamber and located in the lower part of the bottom.

The disadvantage of this apparatus is that the liquid used in it leads to a design complication caused by the presence of a compensation chamber and additional seals that reduce the reliability of the absorbing apparatus. This compensation chamber increases the dimensions of the absorbing apparatus, reduces the energy intensity, dissipative properties of the apparatus and increases the cost of manufacturing the absorbing apparatus.

Known absorbing apparatus (patent No. 2078706, IPC B61G 11/12, 11/16, B60G 15/12, F16F 5/00, publ. 05/10/97 - prototype), containing a cylinder made with two interconnected cavities, in one of which the bottom of the cylinder is installed, and with the possibility of overflowing of the working fluid, a piston whose rod is made bilateral. Moreover, between the surface of one of the cavities and the bottom the first seal is installed, and one side of the rod is made of a larger diameter than the other, is located in the bottom of the cylinder and is covered by the second seal. One of the cavities of the cylinder is made cylindrical, the other is spherical, the bottom is located in the cylindrical cavity, between which the nut and the spherical cavity have a third seal covering the other side of the rod.

The design drawback is that high pressure is created in the working chambers, in this connection it is necessary to produce the apparatus body from expensive metal, which leads to an increase in costs, as well as increased pressure requires tight joints with high precision of mating parts, which complicates the manufacturing process of parts .

The objective of the invention is to increase the energy intensity and dissipative properties of the absorbing apparatus, reducing the cost of the apparatus by lowering the pressure in the working chambers.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in an absorption apparatus containing a cylinder made with two interconnected cavities filled with a viscoplastic fluid, in one of which a cylinder bottom and a piston rod are installed, with the possibility of flowing the viscoplastic fluid according to the invention in one of the cylinder cavities are installed coaxially with the body, elastic elements made of an elastoplastic material, separated by separators located coaxially with the body and having grooves around the perimeter ru, openings and central channels to ensure the flow of viscoplastic fluid between the cavities.

In addition, transverse channels are made in the separators, which allow the viscoplastic fluid to flow from the central chamber to the piston cavity of the piston-rod chamber.

In addition, channels are provided in the rod-piston that allow the viscoplastic fluid to flow from the central chamber to the piston chamber of the rod-piston chamber.

The drawings schematically depicts an absorbing apparatus, a General view,

where figure 1 shows a General view of an absorbing apparatus with transverse channels made in separators,

where figure 2 shows a General view with central channels made in the piston rod.

The absorbing apparatus comprises a housing 1 with a bottom 2, in which seals 3 are located. The housing with a bottom form a closed hydraulic chamber 4 and 5, which includes a rod with a piston 6 with central channels 7 to allow the viscoplastic fluid to flow from chamber 8 into chamber 4. The hydraulic chamber is filled with a viscoplastic fluid, it also contains elastoplastic elements 9 installed coaxially with the housing, separated by separators 10, in which there are openings 11, central channels 12, transverse channels 13, To displace plastic fluid flow from the central chamber 8 into chamber 5, and backstop valves 14.

Absorbing apparatus operates as follows.

Under the action of a compressive load, the rod with the piston moves inside the hydraulic chamber 5, due to which there is a compression of the elastic elements 9, a decrease in the volume of the hydraulic chamber and an increase in pressure in it. In this case, a force arises that prevents the apparatus from being squeezed, consisting of the compression force of the elastic elements and the action of pressure on the rod with the viscoplastic fluid piston.

During dynamic compression of the apparatus, a viscoplastic fluid from the piston cavity of the hydraulic chamber flows through the holes 11 between the piston and the housing into the piston cavity, which creates a pressure differential between the piston cavity of the hydraulic chamber and the piston cavity, which creates an additional force that prevents compression of the apparatus. With a direct stroke of the rod with the piston, the valves 14 are closed around the circumference and prevent the viscoplastic fluid from flowing from the chamber 5 into the chamber 4. Also, during dynamic compression of the apparatus, the viscoplastic fluid located in the chamber 8 is forced out through the central channels 12 and transverse channels 13 in the separator 10 into the chamber 5 (FIG. 1), and in the second case, during dynamic compression of the apparatus, the viscoplastic fluid located in the chamber 8 is displaced through the central channels 12 in the separator 8 and the central channels 7 in the piston rod into the chamber 4 (FIG. 2). The dissipation of the absorbed energy occurs mainly due to the transfer of heat energy from the hydraulic resistance to flow into the calibrated gap of the viscoplastic fluid filling the hydraulic chamber.

The return of the rod with the piston during the reverse stroke is due to the efforts of the compressed elastoplastic elements 9 and the pressure in the hydraulic chambers 4, 5 and 8. During the reverse stroke of the rod with the piston, the valves 14 open and the viscoplastic fluid flows freely from the chamber 4 into the chamber 5, ensuring a minimum resistance to the output of the rod with the piston.

The use of elastoplastic elements allows to reduce the pressure in the cylinder of the absorbing apparatus, which makes it possible to use cheaper materials for the manufacture of the absorbing apparatus.

Claims (3)

1. An absorbing apparatus comprising a cylinder made with two interconnected cavities filled with a viscoplastic fluid, in one of which a cylinder bottom, a piston rod, is installed, with the possibility of flowing of the working fluid, characterized in that coaxially mounted in one of the cylinder cavities with the housing, elastic elements made of an elastoplastic material are separated by separators located coaxially with the housing and having perimeter grooves, openings and central channels to provide flow of viscoplastic fluid between the cavities. 2. The absorbing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the separators are provided with transverse channels to allow the viscoplastic fluid to flow from the central chamber into the piston chamber of the piston rod. 3. The absorbing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston rod has channels for the flow of a viscoplastic fluid from the central chamber into the piston chamber of the piston rod.

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