SU894258A1 - Shock absorber - Google Patents

Description

(54) SHOCK ABSORBER

one

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, namely to means of vibration isolation and can be used to protect objects from shocks and vibrations.

Known shock absorber, comprising a housing with a bottom, inside of which is placed a pusher and packages of elastic elements installed with a gap relative to the housing and separated by supporting movable plates 1.

A disadvantage of the shock absorber is its limited functionality, which means that the natural frequency of the shock absorber oscillations under overload conditions does not change according to a predetermined law.

The technical essence and the achieved result closest to the proposed one is a shock absorber comprising a cylindrical body with an axially movable bottom, a pusher with a piston mounted in the housing, packages of elastic elements and a kinematic connection of the plunger with the bottom 2.

The disadvantage of this shock absorber is that it is unreliable in operation and its

Efficiency essentially depends on overload and frequency of external exposure.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency and reliability of work.

Claims (2)

This goal is achieved by the fact that - the shock absorber is provided with a main piston connected to the brush and an additional piston coaxially mounted to it, the movable bottom is formed by annular collars coaxially mounted relative to each other, the part of the body in which the main and additional gears are located is made in the form of coaxially mounted glasses, in the central of which are located the main and additional grounds, in the nearby cavity there is an internal bottom of the bottom, in the next cavity there is a bottom The bottom of the bottom, the area of which is facing the above-crush cavity, is larger than the area facing the bottom of the bottom of the footstool, which is connected to the bottom of the main frush and internal crush of the bottom of the main crush and internal crush of the additional crush of the external crush of the external bottom. The drawing shows a shock absorber, a longitudinal section. The shock absorber comprises a cylindrical body 1 with an axially movable bottom formed by coaxially mounted annular pistons 2 and 3, one of which is the outer piston of the bottom and the other of the internal piston of the bottom. The casing 1 is equipped with a pusher 4 with a rod 5 and packages of elastic elements 6, 7, and 8. The shock absorber is equipped with a main piston 9 connected to the rod 5 and an additional piston 10 coaxially mounted to it. Part of the body 1 in which the main 9 and additional 10 pistons are located , made in the form of coaxially installed glasses 11-14. In the central glass 11, the main 9 and the additional 10 pistons are placed. In the nearby cavity 15 between the central cup 11 and the cup 12 there is an internal piston 3 bottoms, and, in the subsequent cavity 16 between the cups 12 and 13, there is an external piston 2 bottoms with a ring-shaped floating piston 17. The area of the external piston 2 bottoms facing the nadporschnevoe cavity 18 more than the area facing the piston cavity 19. The piston cavity 19 of the outer piston 2 of the bottom is connected to the subschist cavities 20 and 21 of the main piston 9 and the internal piston 3 of the bottom with channels 22. The cavities 19, 20 and 21 are filled with working fluid 23. The piston cavity 24 of the additional piston 10, which is pressed by the spring 25, is connected with the piston cavity 18 of the outer piston 2 of the bottom by channels 26 and is filled with working fluid 23. The shock absorber works as follows. When an external load is applied from the side of the depreciable object (not shown) to the pusher 4, it moves down and there is no rod 5 connected to the main piston 9, which moves down, squeezes the working fluid 23 out of the piston cavity 20 of the main piston 9 through channels 22 into the piston cavities 19 and 21 of the outer piston 2 and the inner piston 3 of the bottom. At the same time, the outer piston 2 and the inner piston 3 of the bottom move upward, compress the packages of elastic elements 7 and 8, as a result of which the amplitude of vibration of the shock absorber decreases, and as the overload increases, the natural frequency of the vibration damper increases. To eliminate resonance, the natural vibration frequency of the shock absorber must be less than that of the object, therefore, when a certain overload is reached due to the pressure of the working fluid 23 in the substep cavity 20 of the main piston 9, the additional piston 10, overcoming the force of the spring 25, shifts downward, increasing the pressure in the over piston cavity 18 outer piston 2 bottom. At this moment, the annular floating piston 17 abuts against the outer protrusion of the cup 13. Due to the difference in the areas of the outer piston 2 of the bottom, the force from the pressure of the working fluid 23 in the piston cavity 18 will move the outer piston 2 of the bottom down. As a result of this, the support area of the package of elastic elements 8 will become less, its rigidity will decrease and the natural frequency of vibration of the shock absorber will decrease. When reducing the overload, the additional piston 10 under the action of the force of the spring 25 returns to its original position, and the outer piston 2 of the bottom comes into contact with the package of elastic elements 8, which increases the natural vibration frequency of the shock absorber and its rigidity. The proposed shock absorber provides reliable performance in a wide range of frequencies and overloads, eliminates resonances at operating frequencies and has sufficient power consumption. Claims of the invention A shock absorber comprising a cylindrical body with an axially movable bottom, a push rod mounted in the housing with a brush, packages of elastic elements and a kinematic connection of the push rod with the bottom, characterized in that, in order to increase efficiency and reliability of operation, it is equipped with associated By means of the main piston and an additional piston coaxially mounted to it, the movable bottom is formed by annular pistons coaxially mounted relative to each other. Another part of the body in which the main piston clear and additional pistons, made in the form of coaxially installed glasses, in the central of which the main and additional pistons are located, in the nearby cavity there is an internal bottom plate, in the subsequent cavity there is an external bottom piston, the area of which is turned into a nodal cavity larger than the area facing into the podporshnevoy cavity associated with the pussy cavity of the main porshch and the internal pleshn of the bottom, and the pussy cavity of the additional porshn is associated with the nadpuschevnoy cavity of Uzhnogo piston bottom. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. Acceptance of England No. 1290676, cl. F 16 F 1/44 (F2S), 1972. 2. USSR author's certificate for application No. 2702184 / 25-28, cl. F 16 F 1/40, 1978 (prototype).