RU2444597C2 - Device for hand bricklaying - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: device for hand bricklaying comprises a platform with a handle, on which a mooring optical accessory is mounted, as well as a power device in the form of a mechanised hammer and a control unit with an indication system. The platform is arranged in the form of a lever, at one end of which the mechanised hammer with the mooring accessory is installed, and at the other end - a handle.

EFFECT: reduction of common load of a bricklayer due to improvement of the hand bricklaying device design.

5 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and can be most effectively used for masonry walls of bricks and blocks in the construction of buildings for civil and industrial purposes.

The masonry process consists of many work operations and is carried out not by one bricklayer, but by a link from two to six people. The links of masons, depending on the quantitative composition, are called, respectively, “two”, “three”, “four”, etc. The basis of any link is a “deuce”: a bricklayer of the 5-4th category and a bricklayer of the 2nd category. In links where there are more than two workers, masons of the 2nd category are additionally used for work that does not require high qualifications. This allows more efficient use of the work of highly skilled masons.

Brick masonry is carried out using the operational-split method, i.e. divide the process into separate operations performed by certain workers. Each of them, specializing in the same operations, perfectly masters rational techniques, which helps to increase labor productivity and improve the quality of work.

Typically, masonry in a link of any composition is carried out by masons of 4-5th categories. It is the responsibility of the latter to establish routines, to pull berth equipment to ensure the correct laying of bricks and rows. In addition, a high-grade bricklayer (4-5) performs a significant number of manipulations during the masonry process, requiring skills that are specially worked out over time. So, in the “hold” masonry method, holding a trowel in the right hand, the bricklayer straightens the mortar bed with it, and then he rakes a part of the mortar with the edge of the trowel and presses it to the vertical face of the previously laid brick, while with the left hand he brings the new brick to the laying site. After that, he lowers the brick onto the prepared bed and, moving it with his left hand to the previously laid brick, presses the trowel to the canvas. By moving up the right hand, he takes out the trowel, and with a brick, pushed by his left hand, clamps the solution between the vertical faces of the laid and previously laid brick. With the pressure of his hand, he settles the laid brick on the mortar bed. Excess mortar, squeezed from the outer seam, is cut with a trowel in one go after laying with pokes of every three to five bricks or after laying with spoons of two bricks. The mason throws the trimmed solution onto the mortar bed [Sytin D.N. Mason. M., Stroyizdat, 1967].

As follows from the masonry technology described above, productivity and quality of work are determined only by the level of qualification of the bricklayer, his experience, i.e. what can be defined as the subjective capabilities of the worker. The profession of a bricklayer is one of the most conservative and involving a large number of operations performed with the application of physical effort. Despite numerous attempts to create various technical systems, such as robotic complexes for bricklaying, the manual work of a bricklayer is everywhere in demand. Of the technical means that ensure the work of the mason, like hundreds of years ago, there remains a mooring device or, more simply, a mooring cord, pulled on orders. The only technical improvement in the work of a bricklayer is the use of a light beam as a mooring device [USSR Author's Certificate No. 71510, class. E04G 21/22], recently replaced by a laser beam [Copyright certificate No. 1636556, cl. E04G 21/22].

In modern conditions, there is a high pace of development of construction in the housing sector. Due to these circumstances, the work of a highly qualified mason (4-5th category) is extremely popular. However, along with this, the construction industry is faced with an equally extreme shortage of construction workers and, especially, high-grade bricklayers. The latter circumstance negatively affects the pace and quality of construction of brick and block structures.

Thus, the urgent task of the time was the creation of an auxiliary device for manual masonry of bricks, which would allow masonry work of the 2nd category and unskilled workers in terms of productivity and quality at the level of masons of 4-5th categories.

Such a task was realized by the technical solution set forth in the description of the application for invention No. 2008129953/03, according to which a decision was issued on October 16, 2009 to grant a patent. The design described in the application was accepted by the authors as a prototype.

A device for manual bricklaying of brick consists of a platform, on the top of which there is a receiver of a light (laser) emitter of a mooring device that provides orientation of the platform in a vertical plane, as well as a similar receiver for orienting the platform in a horizontal plane. A pair of mechanized hammers in the form of electric hammers are mounted on the upper part of the platform along its longitudinal axis of symmetry, the strikers of which are flush through the corresponding holes flush with the bottom surface of the platform, which simultaneously serves as a limiter from above for the brick to be laid. Handles are attached to the side of the platform. In addition to all of the above, an electronic inclinometer is installed on the upper part, which, together with electric hammers, is covered by a common control system closed to a microprocessor. The latter is electrically connected with the receiver of the light emitter of the berthing device, which, in turn, is also electrically connected to a pair of light indicators equipped with directional arrows. This is how the platform’s orientation system is organized in space. A brick tong is mounted on the bottom of the platform, formed by a lateral stop, which simultaneously sets the distance (gap) with the adjacent brick, front stops and a screw clamp equipped with a helm. The stops are mounted on brackets, which in their lower part bear stops, providing positioning of the front end of the platform relative to the plane of the facade being formed, relying on the lower brick. The design of the device provides an electrical circuit for manual control of the frequency of shock of electric shock, presented on the platform by a button.

Use the proposed device for manual bricklaying as follows.

A mason of the 2nd category with a shovel delivers the solution to the wall and puts it in a bed of the correct shape and the required width. The bricklayer levels the mortar with a trowel during the laying process. The thickness of the beds of the solution on average should be 20-25 mm. This ensures that when laying bricks, the thickness of the seam is 10-12 mm. Then another bricklayer takes the platform by the handles and puts it on the brick, in such a way that the latter rests on top of the lower surface of the platform and the hammer, from side to side and in front to the stops. The final fixing of the brick in the grip is done by a mason with a screw clamp, rotating it at the helm. Having connected a brick to the platform, the bricklayer transfers the latter to the wall and places it on the formed bed of mortar, so that the emphasis comes into close contact with the end wall of the adjacent brick, and the emphasis comes into contact with the facade of the lower brick. After that, the bricklayer switches on the device control system and, observing the indicators, sets the laser radiation receiver along a beam that ensures vertical masonry. Simultaneously with the described mason's manipulations, in automatic mode, on the command of the electronic inclinometer and the laser radiation receiver, electric hammers are activated through the microprocessor, thus simulating the work of the mason to upset the laid brick on the mortar bed. When the upper surface of the brick reaches the required horizontal position, on a command from the receiver, the electric hammers are disconnected from the network. The screw clamp is retracted from the side surface of the brick, and the device is released from the latter.

It should be noted that before starting the masonry, the mason, depending on the stiffness of the solution used, selects the optimal frequency of shock of electric shock, acting on the manual control circuit of this parameter using the button.

The above-described device for manual bricklaying fundamentally solves the problem of using a low-skilled bricklayer and an unskilled worker to perform masonry work at a qualitative level of masons of 4-5 categories. However, it is not without drawbacks, one of which is the laboriousness of the physical movement of the brick by the bricklayer to the stop, which ensures the positioning of the front end of the platform relative to the plane of the facade being formed, relying on the lower brick through a layer of cementing material. The last, as a rule, is a cement slurry of high viscosity, and therefore having high internal friction, which is overcome by a bricklayer in the process of manipulating a device that carries a brick on itself. Under these conditions, the duration of the work and its high pace, ultimately, lead to the physical fatigue of the bricklayer, which affects the productivity and quality of the masonry work.

On the other hand, there is a complexity in the design of the device, expressed in the saturation of its specific elemental base, which includes laser radiation receivers, electric hammers, an electronic inclinometer, microprocessor, indicating means, and, finally, various kinds of movable and fixed stops that ensure the positioning of bricks in the device . Despite the fact that many elements are covered by the general control system and their work is carried out in automatic mode, manipulating the device during the laying of bricks requires not only physical effort from the mason, but also psychological stress. The latter arises as a consequence of the need to monitor the correct position of the receivers relative to the laser beams of the berthing device using the display system. Thus, the design of the prototype device helps to increase the physical and psychological load on the bricklayer.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the overall load on the bricklayer by improving (simplifying) the design of the device for manual bricklaying.

A device for manual masonry of brick, containing a platform with a handle on which a mooring optical device is mounted, a power device in the form of a mechanized hammer and a control unit with an indication system, has a platform made in the form of a lever, on one end of which a mechanized hammer with a mooring device is mounted, and on the other is the handle. In this case, the mooring optical device is located along the longitudinal axis of the mechanized hammer, and the control unit is mounted in the middle part of the lever. The hammer can be made in the form of a hammer or an electric hammer equipped with an electric battery. The task is also facilitated by the fact that the platform is made in the form of a “broken” lever, on one end of which a mechanized hammer with a mooring device is installed, and a handle on the other.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the device for manual laying of bricks acquires, with all the advantages of innovations (a berthing optical device, a power stand-alone device in the form of an electric or pneumatic hammer, a control unit with an indication system), the form of a tool familiar to a bricklayer, providing a traditional tool that has been developed for centuries masonry method. In other words, the device acquired an ergonomically more acceptable image in comparison with the prototype, i.e. the image of a mason's hammer, but only reinforced with modern power means and an orientation system. All this helps to increase productivity and improve the quality of masonry work.

On the drawings attached to the description are given:

- Fig. 1 and 2 - a schematic illustration of a device for manual bricklaying;

- Fig. 3 is a diagram explaining the use of the device.

The proposed device for manual bricklaying of brick consists of a platform 1 in the form of a “broken” lever, on the left end of which a mechanized hammer is fixed, for example, in the form of a hammer 2. A receiver 3 of the laser emitter of the mooring device is aligned with the latter, and a handle is mounted on the right end of the lever 4. In the inner cavity of the lever, ie between the mechanized hammer and the handle, placed block 5 control the operation of the device. On the outer panel of block 5 there are indication lamps 6 that are responsible for the functional state of all systems of the device. In the case of using an electric hammer 7 as a hammer (Fig. 2), an electric accumulator 8 is located at the end of the handle 4, and when using compressed air as a working medium, a distributor 9 (Fig. 1). On the panel of unit 5 there is a button 10 for turning the device on. In Fig. 3, the positions 11 and 12 indicate the position of the device during the masonry work by exposing the brick 13 from above and from the front of the facade, respectively. The wall being constructed is indicated in Fig. 3 by 14. The laser radiation, which ensures the orientation of the device in a vertical plane, is indicated by pos. 15, and in the horizontal by pos. 16. The supply of compressed air, in the case of using a hammer as a hammer, is carried out through the fitting 17 mounted on the end of the handle 4 (Fig. 1).

The proposed device for manual bricklaying works as follows.

A mason of the 2nd category or an unskilled worker with a shovel delivers the solution to the wall and puts it in a bed of the correct shape and the required width. The bricklayer levels the mortar with a trowel during the laying process. The thickness of the beds of the solution on average should be 20-25 mm. This ensures that when laying bricks, the thickness of the seam is 10-12 mm. Then another mason takes brick 13, transfers it to wall 14 (Fig. 3) and puts it on the formed bed of mortar. Having picked up a device for manual masonry of brick by the handle 4 and turning on, by pressing the button 10, a mechanized hammer 2 (hammer), the mason initially exposes the laser radiation receiver 3 along beam 16, which ensures that the brick is deposited on the mortar bed to the required level. Then, in the same manner, the bricklayer acts on the facade or opposite surface of the brick 13, exposing the receiver 3 already along the beam 15, thus ensuring the verticality of the masonry. The design of the device provides a system for changing the frequency of impacts of a mechanized hammer 2 depending on the stiffness of the solution, the circuit solution of which is not disclosed in the application.

According to the proposed device, the working drawings were carried out, in accordance with which a pilot industrial design was made. The latter passed comprehensive tests at construction sites in St. Petersburg and showed high efficiency and reliability in operation. The ergonomic qualities of the device in terms of simplicity and ease of use were particularly appreciated. The use of the claimed device for manual masonry of brick showed the ability to perform qualification work of a mason of 4-5 categories by a mason of the 2nd category and even an auxiliary worker without any qualifications and experience in masonry work.

Claims (5)

1. A device for manual masonry of brick, containing a platform with a handle on which a mooring optical device is mounted, a power device in the form of a mechanized hammer and a control unit with an indication system, characterized in that the platform is made in the form of a lever, at one end of which a mechanized hammer is installed with a mooring device, and on the other - a handle. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mooring device is located along the axis of the mechanized hammer, and the control unit is located in the inner cavity of the lever. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the platform is made in the form of a "broken" lever. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanized hammer is made in the form of a hammer. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanized hammer is made in the form of an electric hammer, while an electric battery is installed on the platform.

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