RU2382858C1 - Device for hand brick masonwork - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to the field of construction and may be most efficiently used for laying of walls from bricks and blocks in process of erection of buildings of civil and industrial purpose. Device for hand brick masonwork comprises mooring accessory in the form of light beam. Device comprises platform with side handles, on which a pair of electric hammers arranged symmetrically along platform on upper side, and also receivers of light radiators of mooring accessory and electronic inclinometre, which provide for orientation of platform in horizontal and vertical planes and by angle of incline in plane of location of electric hammers axes accordingly, at the same time gripper is mounted for brick on lower side of platform.

EFFECT: possibility to perform laying works by bricklayers of low grades and unqualified workers without deterioration in quality and efficiency.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and can be most effectively used for masonry walls of bricks and blocks in the construction of buildings for civil and industrial purposes.

The masonry process consists of many work operations and is carried out not by one bricklayer, but by a link from two to six people. The links of masons, depending on the quantitative composition, are called, respectively, “two”, “three”, “four”, etc. The basis of any link is a “deuce”: a bricklayer of the 5-4th category and a bricklayer of the 2nd category. In links where there are more than two workers, masons of the 2nd category are additionally used for work that does not require high qualifications. This allows more efficient use of the work of highly skilled masons.

Brick masonry is carried out using the operational-split method, i.e. divide the process into separate operations performed by certain workers. Each of them, specializing in the same operations, perfectly masters rational techniques, which helps to increase labor productivity and improve the quality of work.

Schematic diagram of the organization of labor of masons is as follows.

Link "deuce" performs the brickwork of the walls. A bricklayer of the 4th or 5th category strengthens the mooring cords (mooring device) for the external and internal versts, a bricklayer of the 2nd category submits and unfolds the brick on the wall and spreads the mortar for laying the external verst. Moving after the mason of the 2nd category, the leading mason spreads a mile away. When the outer verst is laid out to the end of the plot, the leading bricklayer rearranges the berthing device for laying the next row of the outer verst, then, moving in the opposite direction along the front of the work, in the same order performs the laying of the inner verst or the inner part of the wall. At this time, the mason of the 2nd category partially lays out the rubble. At the end of the laying of the inner verst, a high-level mason at the end of the plot rearranges the mooring device for the next row and checks the quality of the masonry.

Link "three" laying is performed in the following sequence. The first mason of the 2nd category feeds and lays out bricks, as well as spreads a solution for laying milestones. A mason of the 4-5th category, moving along the front of the work, puts the submitted materials in verst rows. The second bricklayer of the 2nd category lays out the rubble and helps the first bricklayer. In this case, the laying of the outer and inner versts is performed in the same order, but in the opposite direction.

With the “four” link, the wall with the facing is laid out like this.

The first bricklayer of the 2nd category makes up on the wall under the arm of the leading bricklayer of the 4-5th category facing products and a brick and delivers a mortar with a shovel. The leading bricklayer evens the mortar with a trowel, sets the lining and lays the outer mile of brickwork. The second mason of the 2nd category makes up a brick and delivers a solution for the internal milestone and zabutka. A 3rd level mason smoothes the mortar with a trowel and lays the inner milestone. The second bricklayer of the 2nd category after him on the bed prepared from the solution lays a mess. A mason of the 3rd category helps him in this. The first and second leading bricklayers at the end of masonry versts rearrange the mooring device, checking the quality of the masonry and cladding.

Link "five" performs laying in such a technological sequence.

A bricklayer of the 4th-5th category, together with the first bricklayer of the 2nd category, install a mooring device for the outer verst, checking the correctness of the previously laid masonry, and then, working as in the "two" link, they lay out the outer verst. Behind them, at a distance of 2-3 m, a second bricklayer of the 2nd category and a bricklayer of the 3rd category work, who, performing the same operations, erect an inner milestone. Following them, at a distance of 2-3 m, the third mason of the 2nd category lays out the rubble. If necessary, the third mason of the 2nd category helps the first two to prepare materials.

When organizing the work of masons, the “five” units require a smaller number of highly qualified masons than when working with the “two” units.

Labor productivity and the quality of the masonry depend on the method of laying the brick, and, mainly, are determined by the qualifications and experience of the bricklayer.

As shown above, masonry in a link of any composition is carried out by masons of 4-5th categories. It is the responsibility of the latter to establish routines, to pull berth equipment to ensure the correct laying of bricks and rows. In addition, a high-grade bricklayer (4-5) performs a significant number of manipulations during the masonry process, requiring skills that are specially worked out over time. So, in the masonry method, pressing, holding a trowel in the right hand, the bricklayer straightens the mortar bed with it, and then he rakes a part of the mortar with the edge of the trowel and presses it to the vertical face of the previously laid brick, while with the left hand he brings the new brick to the laying site. After that, he lowers the brick onto the prepared bed and, moving it with his left hand to the previously laid brick, presses the trowel to the canvas. By moving up the right hand, he takes out the trowel, and with a brick, pushed by his left hand, clamps the solution between the vertical faces of the laid and previously laid brick. With the pressure of his hand, he settles the laid brick on the mortar bed. Excess mortar, squeezed from the outer seam, is cut with a trowel in one go after laying with pokes of every three to five bricks or after laying with spoons of two bricks. The mason throws the trimmed solution onto the mortar bed [Sytin D.N., Mason, M .: Stroyizdat, 1967].

As follows from the masonry technology described above, productivity and quality of work are determined only by the level of qualification of the bricklayer, his experience, i.e. what can be defined as the subjective capabilities of the worker. The profession of a bricklayer is one of the most conservative and involving a large number of operations performed with the application of physical effort. Despite numerous attempts to create various technical systems, such as robotic complexes for bricklaying, the manual work of a bricklayer is everywhere in demand. Of the technical means that ensure the work of the mason, like hundreds of years ago, there remains a mooring device or, more simply, a mooring cord, pulled on orders. The only technical improvement in the work of a bricklayer is the use of a light beam as a mooring device [USSR copyright certificate No. 71510, class. E04G 21/22], recently replaced by a laser beam [copyright certificate No. 1636556, cl. E04G 21/22].

In modern conditions, there is a high pace of development of construction in the housing sector. Due to these circumstances, the work of a highly qualified mason (4-5th category) is extremely popular. However, along with this, the construction industry is faced with an equally extreme shortage of construction workers and, especially, high-grade bricklayers. The latter circumstance negatively affects the pace and quality of construction of brick and block structures.

Thus, the object of the invention is the creation of an auxiliary device for manual masonry of brick, which would allow masonry work to masons of the 2nd category and unskilled workers in terms of productivity and quality at the level of masons of 4-5th categories.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the device for manual laying of bricks, including a mooring device in the form of a light beam, contains a platform with side handles, on which a pair of electric hammers are installed symmetrically located along the platform, as well as receivers of light emitters of the mooring device and electronic inclinometer, ensuring the orientation of the platform in horizontal and vertical planes and along the angle of inclination in the plane of the axes of electric hammers, respectively in fact, a brick grip is mounted on the underside of the platform. The task is also facilitated by the fact that the grip is formed by stops, one of which is located on the side and sets the distance from the brick to be laid to the adjacent one, the other positions the end of the platform relative to the plane of the facade being formed, and the third is connected with a screw clamp. In addition, electric hammers, an electronic inclinometer and a light emitter receiver for the berthing device, which provides platform orientation in the horizontal plane, are covered by a common control system, which also includes a manual control circuit for the frequency of electric hammer strokes.

In the drawings attached to the description, are depicted:

- figure 1 is a top view of the device;

- figure 2 is a front view of the device;

- figure 3 is a side view of the device.

A device for manual bricking of brick consists of a platform 1, on the upper part 2 of which there is a receiver 3 of a light (laser) emitter of a berthing device that provides orientation of the platform 1 in a vertical plane, as well as a similar receiver 4 for orientation of the platform in a horizontal plane. Conventionally, laser radiation in the vertical plane is shown by line 5, and in the horizontal by a combination of lines 6. On the upper part 2 of platform 1, a pair of electric hammers 7 are mounted along its longitudinal axis of symmetry, the strikers 8 of which are flush through the corresponding holes with the lower surface of the platform, which serves simultaneously a limiter on top for the brick to be laid 9. On the side of the platform are handles 10. In addition to all of the above, an electronic inclinometer 11 is installed on the upper part 2, which together with the electric hammers 7, covered by the common control system closed to the microprocessor 12. The last is electrically connected to the receiver 3 and the light-emitter mooring device, which in turn, is also electrically connected with a pair of light indicators 13 provided with directional arrows. A gripper for brick 9 is mounted on the lower part 14 of platform 1, formed by a lateral stop 15, which simultaneously sets the distance (gap) with an adjacent brick, front stops 16 and a screw clamp 17 equipped with a steering wheel 18. The stops 16 are mounted on brackets 19, which are in their lower parts bear stops 20, providing positioning of the front end of the platform 1 relative to the plane of the formed facade, relying on the lower brick. The design of the device provides an electrical circuit for manual control of the frequency of strokes of electric hammers, presented on the platform by button 21.

Use the proposed device for manual bricklaying as follows.

A mason of the 2nd category with a shovel delivers the solution to the wall and puts it in a bed of the correct shape and the required width. The bricklayer levels the mortar with a trowel during the laying process. The thickness of the beds of the solution on average should be 20-25 mm. This ensures that when laying bricks, the thickness of the seam is 10-12 mm. Then another bricklayer takes platform 1 by the handles 10 and lays it on brick 9, in such a way that the latter rests on top of the lower surface of platform 14 and the hammer 8, on the side at support 15 and at the front on emphasis 16. The bricklayer finally fixes the brick in the grasp screw clamp 17, rotating it behind the helm 18. Having connected brick 9 with platform 1, the bricklayer transfers it to the wall and puts it on the formed bed from the mortar, and so that the stop 15 comes into tight contact with the end wall of the adjacent brick, and the stops 20 lice whether in contact with the front of the lower brick. After that, the bricklayer switches on the device control system and, observing the indicators 13, sets the laser radiation receiver 3 along beam 5, which ensures vertical masonry. Simultaneously with the described operations of the bricklayer, in automatic mode, by the command of the electronic inclinometer 11 and receiver 4 of the laser radiation 6, the electric hammers 7 are turned on through the microprocessor 12, thereby simulating the work of the bricklayer to upset the laid brick on the mortar bed. When the upper surface of the brick reaches the required horizontal position, at the command of the receiver 4, the electric hammers are disconnected from the network. The screw clamp 17 is diverted from the side surface of the brick and the device is released from the latter.

It should be noted that before starting the masonry, the bricklayer, depending on the stiffness of the solution used, selects the optimal shock frequency of the electric hammers 7, acting on the manual control circuit for this parameter using button 21.

According to the proposed device, working drawings were made, which were implemented in a pilot model. The latter was tested in the construction of residential buildings in St. Petersburg and showed high reliability and efficiency. The work of a mason of the 4-5th category was performed by masons with the 2nd category and unskilled workers without any damage to the quality of the masonry and productivity.

Claims (4)

1. A device for the manual laying of bricks, including a mooring device in the form of a light beam, characterized in that the device comprises a platform with side handles, on which a pair of electric hammers symmetrically located along the platform, as well as receivers of light emitters of the mooring device and an electronic inclinometer, are installed providing orientation of the platform in horizontal and vertical planes and in the angle of inclination in the plane of the axes of the electric hammers, respectively, etc. that the underside of the platform mounted gripper for bricks. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tong is formed by stops, one of which sets its distance from the brick to be laid to the adjacent adjacent brick, the other positions the end of the platform relative to the plane of the facade being formed, and the third is connected with a screw clamp. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric hammers, electronic inclinometer and light detector of the berthing device, ensuring the orientation of the platform in a horizontal plane, are covered by a common control system. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a circuit for manually controlling the frequency of shock of electric hammers.

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