RU2444179C2 - Method of land reclamation with combined watering of crops along furrows and finely dispersed overhead irrigation and system for its realisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes creation of wide stationary beds with narrow trenches laid along their middle and filled with canes, and watering furrows at the edges of beds. Pulse watering is prescribed along furrows by readings of integral moisture sensors. Watering is carried out with activated water purified from hazardous substances and microorganisms, enriched with silicon. During the first and third period of plants vegetation, watering along furrows is carried out with the watering norm to moisten the upper horizon of the active soil layer. During the second period of vegetation with developed root system of plants - by alternation of watering norms to moisten the upper horizon and the entire active soil layer. Refreshment watering is carried out by finely dispersed irrigation with alternation of watering with ordinary irrigation water and with activated cathode and anode water. The invention also relates to the system of land reclamation comprising a closed irrigation system for watering along furrows and an irrigation system for watering with finely dispersed overhead irrigation.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase quality of land reclamation, to preserve soil fertility, to increase productivity of crops and to reduce plants morbidity.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for irrigation of crops on furrows and fine irrigation.

A known method of disinfection of water by ultrasonic waves. Organic substances such as dioxin and polychlorodiphenyl, fluorocarbon contained in water, are almost completely decomposed as a result of exposure to ultrasonic waves (200 kHz) (Emoto Masaru. Water energy for self-knowledge and healing. - M .: Sofia Publishing House, 2006 . - S.88-89). Water contaminated with industrial chemicals is exposed to ultrasound, and then, in the second process, to vibrations. When contaminated water is exposed to ultrasound at a frequency of 1100 Hz, the chemicals decompose from bursting air bubbles; however, although the toxins have decomposed, they are still in the water. To free water from it, it is necessary to influence it with information that has the opposite vibration frequency compared to the vibration frequency of these toxins (Emoto Masaru. Water Message: Secret Codes of Ice Crystals. - M .: Sofia Publishing House LLC, 2006. - С .86).

The disadvantage of this method is its non-use during irrigation along the furrows.

A known method of purification and activation of water by silicon and silicon (SiO ₂ ) and mountain quartz. Silicon, combining with water, suppresses putrefactive and mash bacteria, precipitates pathogenic microflora and compounds of heavy metals dissolved in water: zinc, lead, cadmium, iron, neutralizes chlorine, nitrate compounds and absorbs radionuclides. Water taken from any source, after three days of interaction with flint, becomes suitable for drinking. Flint turns water into relic, that is, water in which life was born on our planet. To prepare silicon-activated water (AKV), it is enough to insist a piece of flint in a container of water for 7 days, 1 cm ^{3 of} flint to activate 1 liter of water. After that, the water does not deteriorate for decades. Seedlings, watered with flint water, grows better, do not get sick with putrefactive fungi, and soaking the seeds increases their germination. Watering vegetables with such water increases yields and shortens ripening times. Quartz helps to increase the activity of silicon (ibid., Emoto Masaru, p.178-185 + instructions for flint sold in pharmacies - Flint “Natural Healer. Filter and Natural Activator of Water”).

The disadvantage of this method is its non-use during irrigation along the furrows.

In terms of its prevalence in the earth's crust, silicon takes the second place among all elements (after oxygen). The mass of the earth's crust is 27.6-29.5% silicon. Silicon is part of several hundred different natural silicates and aluminosilicates. Silica is most common - numerous forms of silicon dioxide (IV) SiO ₂ (river sand, quartz, flint, etc.), which makes up about 12% of the earth's crust (by weight). In its free form, silicon does not occur in nature, although one fourth of the earth consists of silicon (Silicon - Wikipedia.mht).

A special role is played by silicon in the life and health of people, as well as in the plant and animal world. Silicon is absorbed by plants in the form of dissolved silicic acids, silicates and colloidal silica. The absence of silicon adversely affects the heading, growth and yield of cereals, mainly rice, as well as sugarcane, sunflower, crops such as potatoes, beets, carrots, cucumbers and tomatoes. With vegetables, fruits, milk, meat and other products, a person daily assimilates 10-20 mg of silicon. This amount is extremely necessary for normal life, growth and development of the body. Serious scientific studies on the role of silicon for human health are covered in monographs by V. Krivenko et al. "Lithotherapy", M., 1994, E. Mikheeva "Healing Properties of Silicon", St. Petersburg, 2002, the works of M. Voronkov and I. Kuznetsov ( USSR Academy of Sciences, Sib. Department., 1984), A. Panicheva, L. Zardashvili, N. Semenova and others. It is shown that silicon is involved in the exchange of fluorine, magnesium, aluminum and other mineral compounds, but it interacts especially closely with strontium and calcium . One of the mechanisms of silicon exposure is that, due to its chemical properties, it creates electric charged colloidal systems that have the ability to stick viruses and pathogens that are unusual for humans. A lack of silicon in the body leads to hair loss, softening and joint diseases, diabetes mellitus, hepatitis, encephalitis, goiter, erysipelatous skin inflammation, silicic anemia, connective tissue and eye lens disease, stones in the liver and kidneys, and atherosclerosis. The introduction of silicon compounds into the body delays the development of the latter and contributes to the normal functioning of blood vessels, saving a person from angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, cardiosclerosis, cardiac arrhythmias, stroke, and mental disorders. Silicon gives strength, elasticity and impermeability to blood vessels, prevents the penetration of lipoids into the blood and their deposition on the walls of blood vessels (Wetstein B_, Sukhin B_ The phenomenon of silicon and human health (Phenomenon of silicon and health) .mht).

If small ice crystals are introduced into the water, the minerals are retained in it, and a healthier crop will grow from irrigation with such water (Emoto Masaru. Water Message: Secret Codes of Ice Crystals. - M .: Sofia Publishing House LLC, 2006. - С .63).

An activated water generator is known, for example, “Aquadisk,” a Flangangan vortex tangential amplifier. The use of activated water when soaking seeds and irrigation can significantly increase crop yields. Studies at Moscow State University have proven that when using Aquadisk, the concentration of many toxic impurities in water decreases. Drinking water passing through the dextrorotatory bodies acquires an ordered structure, which improves its biological activity (p. 50-51, 102-103).

Peasant farm Idel has 6 hectares of film-coated greenhouses where cucumbers and tomatoes are grown. The experiment showed that the use of water purified by AQUADISCOM-2000 significantly affects the growth of plants and reduces the incidence. Tomatoes sown at the control site on January 22, 2003 and watered with water treated with AQUADISCOM 2000 began to produce crops simultaneously with tomatoes sown on December 25, 2002. Despite the adverse climatic conditions of this year, the yield of cucumbers in the control plot was 40% higher, and in areas where ordinary water was used, there was a low yield and many diseases, such as root rot, black stalk, peronosporosis, etc.

The disadvantage of this device is the production of activated water only, without preliminary purification of water from harmful impurities and microorganisms.

The disadvantage of all of the above methods is the non-use of activated water when irrigating crops on furrows.

The use of activated water in agriculture is known. In studies of activated water, it was found that with regular use of alkaline water, bruises, scratches, cuts heal quickly, and in some cases, eczema also disappeared.

A little later, the surgeon, Professor M. Kasymov, tested acid water during sterilization of surgical instruments, and alkaline - in the treatment of postoperative wounds. The results were positive. The scientists of the institute studied the effect of activated water on cotton grown on the territory of the institute and revealed the stimulating effect of alkaline water and the bactericidal effect of acid on experimental plants.

It should be noted that acid water is often called anolyte (from the word anode), bactericide, drug A, and alkaline - catholyte (from the word cathode), stimulant, drug K. Information on the discovery of the properties of activated water was published in the journal Inventor and Rationalizer (No. 2, 9 for 1981). Scientists have filed over a hundred applications for inventions, and all of them have been confirmed. Soon, the idea of activated water reached Japan, and there began to produce water activators, not sparing money for it. And now, Japan produces hundreds of thousands of activators a year.

D. Krotov, who lives in Stavropol, was one of the first to manufacture a water activator and began to test it for the treatment of various diseases. In a few days, he healed the wound on his son’s arm, which did not heal for several months, but he healed the prostate gland adenoma and escaped the prescribed operation. Then he cured adenomas of seven more comrades in misfortune. Krotov also wrote the first recommendations on the use of activated water for medicinal purposes. Gradually, articles about this water began to appear in the press, and methods for its use began to expand. Major studies were carried out at the Kazan Chemical-Technological Institute, the Belarusian Institute of Agricultural Mechanization in conjunction with the NGO Belselkhozmekhanizatsiya, the All-Union Institute of Poultry in Zagorsk, the Moscow Research Institute of Food Industry, a number of hospitals, in many farms in various regions of Russia (History of the discovery of activated water. Company articles VITALONG .mht).

Alkaline properties of water appear near the negative electrode - the cathode, and in the zone of the positive electrode of the anode - water manifests itself as a strong oxidizing agent. The electrodes are separated by a membrane (Andreev Yu. Water - the viceroy of God on earth. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2007. - P.161). For the manufacture of cathodes, nickel or titanium should be used; for the manufacture of anodes, platinum or ultrapure graphite (p. 165).

Alkaline "cathode" water stimulates the regenerative function of cells, favorably affects metabolic processes, and acidic "anode" water is a mild antiseptic (p.165).

Water preparations with a combination of silver and copper ions with peroxide compounds and microelements obtained in the process of electrolysis treat stomatitis, periodontal disease, sinusitis, breast cancer, are used in the treatment of open wounds, injuries, abscesses, burns (ibid., Andreev Yu. - C .167-170).

Apples sprinkled with acidic “anode” water from a spray bottle can be safely stored without rotting for several months (in the same place, Andreev K. - P.172).

Lavrenko S.S. sprayed tomatoes from a backpack sprayer with activated water. As a result, the yield increased and the quality of tomatoes increased (Lavrenko S.S. Effect of activated water on the yield and quality of tomatoes (Cherkasy Technological University). Vesni% 20 DNU% 202003% 202% 2016_Lavrenko.pdf).

A known reclamation method and irrigation control device, including combined irrigation along furrows, sprinkling and fine sprinkling of irrigated areas with wide stationary beds having narrow trenches laid along their middle and filled with plant debris and manure. Watering the areas with the norm for moistening the entire active layer is carried out along the furrows, with the issuance of the irrigation norm in fractional parts. Watering the upper horizon of the active soil layer is carried out by alternating watering rates to moisturize the upper horizon of the active soil layer by conventional sprinkling and a refreshing norm with fine irrigation. The reclamation device contains soil moisture sensors made in the form of a porous tube horizontally laid horizontally in the active soil layer, in the center of which the hair is stretched, connections to a hair length change converter to an electrical signal connected to the irrigation control unit (patent for invention 2355162 (RU), IPC A01G 25/00 / I.P. Kruzhilin, A.I. Kim, I.A. Kim, I.I. Kim. - Published on 05.20.2009. - Bull. No. 14).

The disadvantage of this method is furrow irrigation in the first phase of plant growth, when the root system of plants is not yet developed, and the last phase, when the plant's water needs are already reduced, is the rate of irrigation to moisten the entire root layer. These irrigation can prevent the displacement of salts from the active soil layer to the underlying layers and contribute to the rise of saline groundwater through the capillaries to the soil surface. The second disadvantage of this method is the non-use during irrigation along the furrows of activated water.

The disadvantage of the reclamation device is the possibility of failure of the humidity sensor due to flooding during waterlogging of the soil.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to improve the quality of land reclamation of irrigated areas and increase crop yields.

The claimed result is achieved by the fact that the land reclamation system contains a closed irrigation system for furrow irrigation and an irrigation system for fine irrigation irrigation, a central control panel connected to integral soil moisture sensors made in the form of segments of porous or perforated pipes installed horizontally in the upper and lower horizon of the active layer. At the inlet of the transporting pipeline of a closed irrigation system for furrow irrigation, an ultrasonic and vibrational installation is installed, connected to an activated water generator, made, for example, in the form of “Aquadisk”, a tangential Flanangan vortex amplifier, the outlet of which is connected to a storage tank of water containing flint and crystals mountain quartz. At the inlet of the pressure pipe of the irrigation system of fine irrigation, an activator-accumulator of water is installed.

The central control panel comprises a thermo-hygrometer connected to a surface air temperature sensor and air humidity and temperature sensors installed in a tubular riser connected to integral soil moisture sensors. The location of irrigation pipelines of fine irrigation and the duration of connection to irrigation provide an increase in the uniformity of soil moisture along the length of the furrows.

The reclamation method involves creating wide stationary beds in irrigated areas with narrow trenches laid along their middle and filled with reeds, and irrigation furrows along the edges of the beds.

The purpose of pulse furrow irrigation to moisten the entire active layer is made according to the readings of the integrated moisture sensor installed in the lower horizon of the active soil layer, and the rate of irrigation to moisturize the upper horizon of the active soil layer according to the readings of the integrated moisture sensor installed in the upper horizon of the active soil layer.

Furrow irrigation is carried out with activated water, for example, “Akvadisk”, the tangential amplifier of the Flanangan vortex, purified from harmful substances and microorganisms, enriched with silicon.

In the first period of plant vegetation, furrow irrigation is carried out with the norm of irrigation to moisten the upper horizon of the active soil layer.

In the second period of vegetation with a developed root system of plants - alternating watering rates for moistening the upper horizon and the entire active soil layer and again in the third period of vegetation when the crop ripens, irrigation along furrows is carried out with the norm for watering the upper horizon of the active soil layer.

Fine irrigation irrigation is carried out at night to moisten the surface soil layer.

Refreshment irrigation with fine irrigation before irrigation over furrows and with the forecast of air drought, humidification of the surface layer of air and plants is carried out with alternating irrigation with ordinary irrigation water with irrigation activated ("anode" and "cathode") water.

Such technology and systems can improve the quality of land reclamation, preserve soil fertility, increase crop yields, and reduce the incidence of plants.

The reclamation system for combined irrigation of crops with furrows and fine irrigation irrigation contains an irrigation source 1, an intake structure 2 connected to the inlet of the first pump 3. The output of the first pump 3 through the first shutter 4 with an electric actuator is connected to the inlet of the conveying pipeline 5, through the second shutter 6 s electric drive - with the inlet of the pressure pipe 7, through the third shutter 8 with electric drive - with an ultrasonic and vibration installation 9, connected in series with the activator water 10, made, for example, in the form of "Aquadisk" or the tangential amplifier of the Flanangan vortex, and a storage tank 11 containing flint and mountain quartz crystals. The output of the storage tank 11 through the second pump 12 and the fourth gate 13 with an electric actuator is connected to the input of the conveying pipeline 5. The output of the first pump 3 through the fifth gate 14 with an electric actuator is connected to an activator-water storage 15, the output of which is through the third pump 16 and the sixth shutter 17 with an electric drive is connected to the inlet of the pressure pipe 7, to which the tiers of the irrigation pipes 18 are connected, with fine irrigation plants 19. The distance between the irrigation pipes 18 to the end of the irrigation furrows is gradual о decreases, or the intensity of fine irrigation increases, or controlled valves are installed at the inlet of irrigation pipelines, and an automated irrigation control system for fine irrigation is created, which controls the alternate supply of irrigation pipelines 18 with an increase in the duration of irrigation pulses from fine irrigation plants located closer to the end of irrigation furrows .

Irrigation pipelines 21 with microhydrants 22 are connected to the conveying pipeline 5 through valves 20 with membrane actuators for supplying water to irrigation furrows 23. Irrigation furrows 23 are laid along the edges of wide stationary beds 24. The distance between irrigation furrows 23 (1.2 ... 1.8 m ) is equal to the distance between the wheels of the applied agricultural machinery. In the middle of the wide stationary beds 24, narrow trenches 25 with a depth of 1 m are laid, filled with reeds 26. The surface of the wide stationary beds 24 is mulched by plant residues 27.

The central control panel (CPU) 28 is connected to a temperature sensor 29 of the surface air layer, an integrated humidity sensor 30 of the upper horizon of the active soil layer, an integral humidity sensor 31 of the lower horizon of the active soil layer.

The outputs of the CPU 28 are connected to the control unit (BU) 32 by fine sprinkling, the control unit (BU) 33 by irrigation along the furrows.

The outputs of the control unit 33 by furrow irrigation are connected to the actuators of the first 4 gates, the third gate 8, the fourth gate 13, an activated water generator 10, an electric drive of the second pump 12, a communication line 34 with control panels (PU) 35 installed in the nodes of the irrigation network for irrigation on the furrows. The outputs of the control panels 35 are connected to the membrane actuators of the valves 20 at the inlet of the irrigation pipelines 21.

The outputs of the control unit 32 with fine irrigation are connected to the electric drives of the second shutter 6, the fifth shutter 14, the sixth shutter 17, the drive of the third pump 16, with an activator-water storage 15.

CPU 28, BU 32, 33 contain a power source, controller, matching devices with communication lines, electronic keys, thyristors. PU 35 contain power sources, controllers, electronic keys, electro-relay KEG-I type. The CPU 28 also contains a thermohygrometer, for example, ceramic, weight or capacitive.

Integral soil moisture sensors 30 and 31 are made in the form of a porous or perforated pipe horizontally laid in the active soil layer, which is connected by a riser to the soil surface. A 36 hygrometer sensor (probe) is inserted into the riser, which measures the humidity and air temperature in the soil moisture sensor.

The reclamation method for combined irrigation of crops on furrows and fine irrigation is implemented as follows.

In the fall, after harvesting, deep plowing of the soil is carried out with the introduction of organic fertilizers into the soil. Then wide beds 24 are created, in the middle of them narrow trenches 25 are laid, up to 1 m deep, in which reed 26 is laid. Irrigation furrows 23 are created along the edges of the beds. Then, a mulching coating 27 of the plant residues is created on the surface of the beds. In the spring, undeveloped plant debris 27 is raked toward the middle of the beds. Then the plants are planted. In the summer after the first weeding, a mulching layer of plant residues 27 is created on the surface of the beds.

At the beginning of the growing season, the operator includes the CPU 28, which begins monitoring the temperature sensor 29 of the surface air layer and soil moisture in the integrated humidity sensors 30 of the upper horizon of the active soil layer, humidity sensor 31 of the lower horizon of the active soil layer.

In the first period of plant vegetation, irrigation is carried out along furrows with the irrigation rate to moisten the upper horizon of the active soil layer by alternately applying irrigation pulses from irrigation pipelines.

Before irrigation with furrows, the soil surface is moistened with fine sprinkling with a refreshing irrigation rate, which provides preliminary soaking of irrigation furrows.

In the second period of plant vegetation with a developed root system, pulsed irrigation along furrows is carried out by alternating watering rates to moisten the upper horizon and the entire active soil layer.

In the third growing season, when the harvest ripens, irrigation along the furrows is again carried out by the irrigation rate to moisten the upper horizon of the active soil layer. Furrow irrigation is carried out with activated water, for example, “Akvadisk”, the tangential amplifier of the Flanangan vortex.

With a decrease in soil moisture in the upper horizon of the active soil layer below a predetermined threshold, irrigation is assigned the norm for moistening the upper horizon of the active soil layer.

The CPU 28 sends a command to the block 33 by irrigation along the furrows to open the third shutter 8 and turns on the first pump 3. The water passes through an ultrasonic and vibration unit 9, where it is freed from harmful chemicals, and then fed to the activated water generator 10, made, for example, in “Akvadiska”, the tangential amplifier of the Flanangan vortex, where water activated by them is formed and the content of toxic impurities is reduced. After pretreatment, water enters the storage tank 11, containing flint and mountain quartz crystals, where the water is saturated with silicon, pathogenic microflora and compounds of heavy metals dissolved in water are precipitated: zinc, lead, cadmium, iron, chlorine and nitrate are neutralized compounds and sorbed radionuclides.

After the accumulation of water and water treatment in the storage tank 11, the control unit 33 instructs the control panels 35 to open the gates 20 in turn and issue a pulse of irrigation along the furrows from each irrigation pipeline, then the operation of preparing water for irrigation through the furrows is repeated and a subsequent irrigation pulse is issued. And so, before issuing the irrigation norm for moistening the upper horizon of the active soil layer.

Similarly, with a decrease in humidity in the lower horizon of the active soil layer to a predetermined limit, an irrigation rate is issued to moisten the entire active soil layer.

If it is necessary to apply mineral or organic fertilizers with irrigation water during irrigation along the furrows, the CPU 28 instructs the control unit 33 to open the first shutter 35 and the water, passing through a mixer, not shown in figure 1, is saturated with fertilizers and enters the irrigation furrows.

In the last growing season, when crops are ripened, irrigation along the furrows is again carried out by the irrigation rate to moisten the upper horizon of the active soil layer.

When predicting an air drought and increasing air temperature above a predetermined limit, the CPU 28 instructs the control unit 32 to issue fine irrigation irrigation rates to the sections and turns on the first pump 3. Similarly, the CPU 28 instructs the block 32 to issue an irrigation rate to moisten the surface layer soil during night watering. When irrigating with irrigation water, block 32 opens a second shutter 6 for supplying water to the pressure pipe. When watering with activated water, block 32 opens the fifth gate 14, water is supplied to the activator-water storage 15, then the third pump 16 is turned on and opens the gate 17 and water is supplied to the irrigation pipes 18 with fine irrigation systems 19.

Fine irrigation irrigation is carried out with alternation of irrigation with ordinary and activated "cathode" water. In the prognosis of diseases, watering plants with fine irrigation is carried out with "anode" water.

The reclamation method for combined irrigation of crops by furrows and fine sprinkling and a system for its implementation allow:

- to increase the uniformity of moistening of beds along the perimeter and along the length of irrigation furrows;

- maintain optimal soil moisture in the near-surface soil layer and in the entire active soil layer;

- reduce unproductive losses of water due to evaporation and depth filtration;

- prevent the formation of crust on the surface of the soil and the destruction of the soil structure;

- to provide long-term good aeration of the active soil layer;

- prevent the introduction of harmful substances and pathogens into the soil;

- to prevent the penetration of salt groundwater into the active soil layer and to produce its desalination;

- prevent plant diseases;

- activate microbiological processes in the surface layer and in the entire active soil layer and increase soil fertility;

- increase crop yields;

- grow environmentally friendly agricultural products;

- prevent flooding of water with air humidity sensors installed in integrated soil moisture sensors.

Claims (2)

1. The reclamation method, including irrigation of the plots with wide stationary beds with narrow trenches laid along their middle and filled with plant debris, and the appointment of pulsed irrigation of the furrows to moisten the entire active layer according to the readings of an integrated humidity sensor installed in the lower horizon active soil layer, and the rate of irrigation to moisten the upper horizon of the active soil layer according to the readings of an integrated moisture sensor installed in the upper horizon of the active layer soil, irrigation with fine sprinkling, characterized in that the narrow trenches are filled with plant debris in the form of reeds, irrigation along the furrows is carried out with activated water, purified from harmful substances and microorganisms enriched with silicon, and in the first period of vegetation of plants irrigation along the furrows is carried out by the norm of irrigation to moisturize the upper horizon of the active soil layer, in the second period of vegetation with a developed root system of plants - by alternating watering rates to moisturize the upper horizon and the entire active layer soil and again in the third period of the growing season, when the harvest ripens, the furrow irrigation is carried out with the norm of irrigation to moisten the upper horizon of the active soil layer, fine irrigation irrigation is carried out at night to moisten the surface soil layer, refreshment irrigation is carried out before furrow irrigation, with the forecast of air drought and humidification of the surface layer of air and plants with alternating irrigation with ordinary irrigation water with irrigation activated cathode and anode water. 2. The land reclamation system for implementing the method according to claim 1, including a closed irrigation system for furrow irrigation and an irrigation system for fine irrigation irrigation, a central control panel connected to integral soil moisture sensors made in the form of sections of porous or perforated pipes installed horizontally in the upper and lower horizons of the active soil layer, characterized in that at the inlet of the transporting pipeline of the closed irrigation system for irrigation along the furrows is installed a ultrasonic and vibrating unit connected in series with an activated water generator, the outlet of which is connected to a water storage tank containing flint and mountain quartz crystals, an activator-water storage device is installed at the inlet of the pressure pipe of the fine irrigation irrigation system, and a central control panel containing a thermohygrometer is connected with a surface temperature sensor and air humidity and temperature sensors installed in a tubular riser integrated sensors Cove soil moisture containing packed horizontally in the active layer of the soil cut porous or perforated pipes.

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