JP2002020211A - Plant blight controlling method and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an effective method for the control of plant blight using ozonic water and an apparatus for the method. SOLUTION: A weakly acidic ozonic water having an ozone concentration of 1-30 ppm and formed at the anode side of an electrolytic ozonic water producing apparatus is scattered on the aerial part of plant. The decomposition of the ozonic water fallen on the ground is accelerated by spraying the alkaline water generated at the cathode side as a by-product to the base or the surrounding of the base of the plant.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for controlling plant diseases using ozone water.
In particular, the present invention relates to a method for controlling plant diseases using persistent ozone water with a suppressed ozonolysis rate, and an apparatus used for the method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Since ozone has a strong bactericidal activity and a property that it is quickly decomposed and does not remain, ozone gas has been used for sterilization of tap water and industrial water.
Ozone water in which ozone is dissolved is used for sterilizing food processing equipment and food surfaces.

On the other hand, for the purpose of controlling plant diseases, a method of spraying a chemically synthesized pesticide is generally used. In recent years, however, the spraying of such a chemically synthesized pesticide destroys the environmental pollution and the natural circulation system of living organisms. It is not only a cause, but also tends to be avoided because it has a negative effect on the health of workers spraying pesticides and the residents living nearby. It has been accepted.

Therefore, various proposals have been made to utilize the strong sterilizing power of ozone also in the field of agriculture.
Food Processing Technology Vol. 18 No. 1 (1998) P
6-14 "Sterilization of agricultural seeds and agricultural materials by using ozone water" reports that seeds are immersed in ozone water and sterilized to prevent the transmission of seed-borne diseases. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-103176 discloses that low-concentration ozone water harmless to the human body is sprayed on growing vegetables and fruits, or on harvested vegetables and fruits to control pests and insects. A method for performing sterilization is disclosed.

[0005]

In such conventional methods, first, those using a chemically synthesized pesticide are well known,
Various problems such as soil and environmental pollution due to pesticide residues have been raised, and public opinion has been directed toward reduced pesticides and pesticide-free, but there is no effective alternative technology that makes them possible. In pesticide-reduced and pesticide-free cultivation that only stops using synthetic pesticides, there are problems such as the appearance of the crop and a decrease in the yield.

[0006] On the other hand, the method using ozone water utilizes the strong sterilizing ability of ozone, but decomposes in an extremely short time, and thus has a problem in its effective duration. In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-103176, ozone gas is generated and dissolved in water so as to have a low-concentration ozone water that does not affect the human body (MIT's Asbury is manufactured by Metropolitan District, Mass., USA).
As a result of a commission commissioned by Commission,
It is said that 0.05 ppm or less is not a problem. ), And its effectiveness is unlikely to be expected. In particular, the statement that pests are controlled with low-concentration ozone water in place of conventional pesticides is questionable about its feasibility.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and has as its object to provide an effective method for controlling plant diseases using ozone water and an apparatus used for the method. .

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems The method for controlling plant diseases of the present invention has been made based on such a viewpoint. The first characteristic is that the ozone concentration is 30 ppm or less, preferably 2 to 30 ppm.
A relatively high concentration of ozone water of 20 ppm is sprayed on the aerial part of the plant, thereby strongly disinfecting the pathogenic bacteria attached to the surface of the plant and the vicinity of the surface of the plant by ozone gas vaporized from the ozone water. By increasing the effective ozone gas concentration, pathogens near the plant body surface are also killed to control plant diseases.

[0009] The second feature is that the ozone water is made into a weakly acidic water, whereby the rate of decomposition of ozone in the ozone water during storage and transportation during piping is suppressed, and the duration of the ozone effect is extended. In addition, the point is to enhance the effectiveness of ozone water spraying. In this case, the pH of the ozone water is 3 or more and 7
It is generally preferable to adjust the pH by adding an acid. In this case, a dilute aqueous solution of a strong acid such as dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid can be used during the growth of the plant. Before harvesting the edible portion of vegetables and fruits, it is preferable to adjust the pH by adding a weak acid such as acetic acid, citric acid, malic acid or the like.

As the ozone water, ozone water generated on the anode side by electrolysis of water in which high-concentration ozone water is easily obtained is preferable. In this case, when water softened using an alkali metal-type ion exchange resin is used as raw water for electrolysis, alkaline water is generated on the cathode side. It can be sprayed on the root of the plant or in the vicinity thereof. This has the effect of strengthening the physiological function of the plant and neutralizing the weakly acidic ozone water that has fallen to the root of the plant or in the vicinity of the ground surface, thereby promoting the decomposition of ozone in the ozone water.

Further, as a preferable apparatus for carrying out the above-mentioned method for controlling plant diseases, an anode-side drain pipe for discharging ozone in an ozone water producing apparatus which generates ozone water on the anode side by a water electrolysis method is provided. Connecting an ozone water spraying pipe having a spray nozzle for spraying ozone water on the above-ground part of the plant, while connecting the cathode-side drainage pipe with the cathode water at the root of the plant or in the vicinity thereof. Based on the connection of the cathode water spray pipe with a spray nozzle,
As a modified example, there is one in which the ozone water is stored in an ozone water tank, and the ozone water is supplied from the tank to the ozone water distribution pipe via a pump. From the viewpoint of suppressing the spontaneous decomposition rate of water, a tank having a closed structure is preferable.

It is preferable to provide a water softening device for softening raw water supplied to the electrolytic ozone water producing device by using an alkali metal ion exchange resin. Since the alkaline water is generated on the cathode side of the water producing apparatus, the alkaline water is sprayed from the cathode water spray pipe, and the alkaline water is once stored in an alkaline water tank, and then the alkaline water is pumped through a pump. Alkaline water is sprayed from the cathode water spray pipe.

[0013] Further, the above device is made portable,
There is also a vehicle in which a raw water tank, an electrolytic ozone water producing device, and a power generating device for operating the electrolytic ozone water producing device are mounted on a vehicle to be applicable to a vast orchard or the like.

[0014]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of an apparatus for carrying out the method for controlling plant diseases according to the present invention. In the case where an ozone water producing apparatus using a water electrolysis method is used as an ozone water producing apparatus 1. This is an example. In the figure, an appropriate raw water such as tap water is supplied from a pipe 10 to a softening device 11 via a valve V1, and the raw water subjected to the softening treatment is
It is supplied to the electrolytic ozone water producing apparatus 1. In the apparatus 1, the raw water supplied to the anode side is discharged as ozone water from the anode side drain pipe 5, and is supplied to the ozone water spray pipe 5a via the valve V2. Similarly, the raw water supplied to the cathode side is supplied from the cathode side drain pipe 6 as cathode water to the valve V3.
Is supplied to the cathode water spray pipe 6a.

Now, the electrolytic ozone water producing apparatus 1 will be described. The apparatus is a known apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-134677 and the like, and its outline is shown in FIG. That is, an anode electrode 22 made of a noble metal wire mesh having an ozone generation catalytic function is overlapped on the electrolyte membrane 21 on one surface of an organic solid electrolyte membrane 21 such as an ozone-resistant fluorine-based ion exchange membrane. Place
On the other surface, a cathode electrode 23 is similarly arranged so as to be superimposed on the electrolyte membrane, and on the outer surfaces of both electrodes, a metal mesh made of titanium or stainless steel or the like having ozone corrosion resistance is used. 24 and 25 are arranged over the entire length, and each electrode is connected to a DC power supply (not shown) so that a DC voltage can be applied between both electrodes. Further, an anode-side jacket 20 and a cathode-side jacket 30 are arranged on the outside so as to include the electrodes 22 and 23 and the lath nets 24 and 25, respectively.
6, a cathode side raw material water inlet 27, an anode water (ozone water) outlet 28, and a cathode water outlet 29 are provided respectively.

In such an apparatus, a DC voltage is applied between both electrodes, and the valves V1a, V1
When the electrolysis is performed while the raw water is supplied to the raw water inlets 26 and 27 via b, OH ions (OH ⁻ ) generated by the electrolysis of the water are collected on the anode 22 side, and the OH ions are supplied to the anode. Ozone is generated by the action of the ozone generating catalyst, and is immediately dissolved in water to generate ozone water. The ozone water is supplied from the anode water (ozone water) outlet 28 to the ozone water spray pipe 5a through the above-described anode water discharge pipe 5. Here, in the vicinity of the outer surface of the anode electrode 22, since a complicated and complicated flow path is formed by the lath net 24 in which the wire nets are joined in a staggered manner, a large number of small eddies are generated on the outer surface of the anode electrode. As a result, the ozone generated on the electrode surface is entrained in the vortex and rapidly dissolved in water, so that the amount of ozone flowing out with the water stream as ozone gas decreases, that is, the amount of dissolved ozone increases to 30 pp.
Thus, ozone water having a high concentration of about m can be obtained.

The pH of the ozone water can be adjusted to be slightly acidic by making it possible to add the trace amount of acid to the vicinity of either the anode side raw material water inlet 26 or the ozone water outlet 28. In particular, if it is added in the anode-side raw water inlet 26, the electric conductivity of the raw water is improved, and an effect of facilitating electrolysis can be expected. By the way, if an alkali metal neutral salt such as sodium chloride or potassium chloride is added to the raw water, sodium ions (Na ⁺ ) and potassium ions (K ⁺ ) are concentrated on the cathode by the electrolytic action as described above. It has the function of making the cathode water and the alkaline water,
The other chlorine ion (Cl ⁻ ) is concentrated on the anode side to form a hydrochloric acid solution, thereby acidifying the anode water (ozone water). In this sense, it is possible to form a weakly acidic ozone water on the anode side by adding an alkali metal neutral salt instead of the addition of the acid. In view of the accumulation of acid, the addition of the acid described above is more preferable.

Similarly, hydrogen ions (H.sup. ⁺ ) Generated by the electrolysis of water are collected on the electrode surface on the side of the cathode electrode 23, are released as hydrogen gas from the water, and are discharged as cathode water containing hydrogen as a cathode water outlet. From 29, the water is supplied to the cathode water spray pipe 6a through the cathode drain pipe 6.

Incidentally, when the raw water supplied to the electrolytic ozone water producing apparatus 1 is subjected to water softening treatment, the water softening apparatus 1
As 1, there are a method using an alkali metal type ion exchange resin using an alkali metal represented by sodium and a method using a hydrogen type ion exchange resin. In the former case, calcium and magnesium in raw water are removed. Alkali metal ions and alkaline earth metal ions such as sodium ions (Na ⁺ ) and calcium ions (Ca ⁺⁺ ) contained in trace amounts in the water collect on the cathode surface because they are replaced with alkali metals. After being concentrated, the water on the cathode side is converted to alkaline water, and the alkaline water is discharged from the cathode water outlet 29 together with the hydrogen gas. The water is supplied to the alkaline water tank 3 via the pipe 12 described above. Thus, on the cathode side, the alkali metal ions and alkaline earth metal ions (mainly Na ⁺ ) contained in the water in trace amounts are also concentrated together with the hydrogen gas.
It has been confirmed that ~ 11 or more alkaline water is generated. On the other hand, in the latter case, calcium and magnesium in the raw water are replaced with hydrogen, so that no alkaline water is generated and almost neutral cathode water is discharged.
In the regeneration treatment of these ion exchange resins, the former is regenerated with a saline solution that generates sodium ions.In the latter case, dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid that generates hydrogen ions is used. The use of a sodium-type (alkali metal-type) ion-exchange resin is a preferable method because problems such as preservation of these acids and treatment of acidic wastewater occur.
Hereinafter, an example in which alkaline water is generated on the cathode side using the water softening device using such an alkali metal ion exchange resin will be described.

The pH value of the cathode water when the alkali metal ion exchange resin is used varies depending on the ratio of the amount of water supplied to the two electrodes, and the amount of water supplied to the cathode is changed to the amount of water supplied to the anode. If the amount is smaller than the above, the pH value becomes relatively high, and if it is larger, the pH value can be lowered.

Next, in FIG. 1, the ozone water generated on the anode side by the above-mentioned electrolytic ozone water producing apparatus 1 is supplied to the ozone water spray pipe 5a via the valve V2. In a portion of the pipe 5a beyond the valves V4 to V6,
A large number of spray nozzles 7 are provided at the upper part of the plurality of houses 4a to 4c for growing plants. On the other hand, the cathode water (alkaline water) is supplied to a cathode water spray pipe (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “alkali water spray pipe”) 6a via a valve V3. Valves V7- of the pipe 6a
The portion beyond the valve V9 is connected to the plurality of houses 4a-4.
A large number of dispersing nozzles 8 are provided at a lower portion in the area c.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the relationship between the piping in the house and the growing plants. Growing plants P are planted at predetermined intervals in the house, and the ozone water A spray pipe 5a is arranged, and the alkaline water spray pipe 6a is installed below the spray pipe 5a. An ozone water spray nozzle 7 is disposed in the ozone water spray pipe 5a at substantially the same interval as the planting interval of the growing plant P, and the ozone water is sprayed from the growing plant P.
Of the plant P from the upper part of the plant P. Thereby, the sprayed ozone water adheres to the foliage of the growing plant P, and sterilizes the pathogenic bacteria adhering to the foliage. At the same time, gas ozone vaporized from the ozone water,
An ozone gas-containing air layer is formed around the growing plant P for a short time, and the sterilizing plant P
This contributes to the sterilization of pathogenic bacteria adhering to or floating near.

The ozone water used in the present invention has an ozone concentration of 30 ppm or less and is relatively high in concentration as compared with ozone water produced by a conventional gas dissolving method. Due to the natural decay of the concentration, the time until the ozone water expires is relatively long, and the pH is in a weakly acidic region, so that the ozone water concentration is maintained for a long time.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the change over time in the pH of the ozone water and the ozone concentration in the ozone water. As is clear from FIG. 4, the ozone concentration rapidly decreases in the alkaline region. I understand that. That is, it is understood that a sharp decrease in the ozone concentration can be prevented in the neutral region and the acidic region. According to the present invention, the pH of the ozone water is set to be weakly acidic with the smallest attenuation of the ozone concentration based on such knowledge. The preferred pH is pH 3 or higher,
Since it is less than 7 and the decomposition of ozone water is promoted in the alkaline region as described above, ozone is decomposed and invalidated during transfer up to the spraying of ozone water, and is not suitable for spraying ozone water. The reason why the pH is set to 3 or more is that, as long as ozone water having a high acidity is continuously sprayed over a long period of time, the growing plants are adversely affected as in the case of acid rain. Therefore, the pH is preferably adjusted to a weak acidity of 3 or more, preferably 5 or more.

Incidentally, in the above description, the ozone water generated by the electrolytic ozone water producing apparatus 1 is supplied directly to the ozone water distributing pipe 5a to be sprinkled. However, as shown in FIG. The ozone water generated by the ozone water producing apparatus 1 can be stored in the ozone water tank 2 via a valve V10 and then supplied to the ozone water spray pipe 5a via a valve V11 and a pump P1. . In this case, during the ozone water storage period in the ozone water tank 2, the degradation of ozone and the decrease in ozone concentration must be avoided as much as possible. Therefore, in the present invention, the ozone water tank 2 is a tank having a closed structure. This will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change over time of the ozone concentration in the ozone water in the weakly acidic region, in which acetic acid was added to the ozone water to adjust the pH to a weakly acidic one, and (a) shows the ozone water. Filling rate in stainless steel container
Shows the change in ozone concentration when filled at 00%,
(B) shows the change in ozone concentration when ozone water was injected into the bottom of a three-necked flask with an open top and left standing (opened without opening the opening of the flask), and (c) shows the change in ozone concentration. In the case where ozone water is injected into the bottom of the same three-necked flask as in (b) above, and the center opening is plugged so that air flows in from one of the openings on both sides and flows out from the other opening. The change in ozone concentration is shown as a change. As is clear from the figure, in the closed system (a), about 4.9 mol /
1 (decrease rate of about 4%), whereas in the simple open system (b) it is about 2.2 mol / l (decrease rate about 60%), and in the gas flow system (c) it is about 0.4 mol / l (decrease rate). About 90
%). From this, it can be understood that if ozone water is kept in a closed system in a weakly acidic region, the natural decay rate due to the natural decomposition and natural emission of ozone can be greatly reduced. Therefore, when storing and transferring ozone water, it can be said that the storage tank is preferably a closed tank.

In an actual tank, the state where the ozone water filling rate is 100% is rare, and it is a general tank structure that an air vent pipe is disposed and a lid is formed.
The gas-liquid in the tank gradually approaches the equilibrium state of ozone. Therefore, when the ozone water is discharged from the tank while the ozone water is supplied from the ozone water producing apparatus into the tank, the inside of the tank is The ozone water concentration indicates an intermediate behavior between the above (a) and (b). Therefore, in the present invention, the term “closed system” including the tank with a lid is described. Further, as a preferable example, there is a type in which ozone water is supplied to an ozone water tank under pressure and the ozone water can be held under pressure. In this case, since the system is a pressurized system in addition to the closed system, a decrease in ozone water concentration can be prevented over a long period of time, which is optimal for transporting ozone water to a spraying site.

As described above, when the relatively high concentration of ozone water adjusted to be weakly acidic is sprayed on the aerial part of the cultivated plant P, the ozone water concentration when scattered on the cultivated plant P is considerably high. Therefore, it is possible to maintain a high sterilizing effect of ozone for a long time.
In addition, since the allowable time from the generation of the ozone water to the spraying can be made long as described above, even if the installation place of the ozone water production apparatus 1 and the spraying place 4 are far from each other, the ozone in the transfer process of the ozone water is not required. It is also possible to minimize the concentration decay. In addition, the ozone water concentration should be considered in relation to the ozone water production device and the spraying place. When the ozone water concentration is directly sprayed from the ozone water production device, the ozone water concentration may be about 2 to 10 ppm. As shown in FIG. 1, when the ozone water producing apparatus and the spraying place are separated from each other, ozone water having a high concentration should be used according to the transfer time, and is usually selected in a range of about 5 to 30 ppm. Is preferred. If the ozone water concentration is too high, the possibility that ozone gas vaporized on or near the foliage surface of the cultivated plant penetrates into the mesophyll through the stomata of the leaves and destroys the leaf tissue becomes high, so that 30 ppm or less. And preferably 20 ppm or less. The limit ozone water concentration for plants differs depending on the type and growth stage of the plant, and the optimum ozone water concentration also differs depending on the type of disease to be treated as well as the type of plant and the growth stage described above. Needless to say, it should be selected as appropriate.

Next, in the alkaline water spray pipe 6, alkaline water spray nozzles 8 are respectively disposed so as to be located on both sides of one growing plant P, and a root portion of the growing plant P or in the vicinity thereof. Is sprayed with alkaline water. There are several reasons for this. Firstly, since the ozone water sprayed from the ozone water spray nozzle 7 is weakly acidic, the weakly acidic water travels through the growing plant P and enters the soil G. It is inevitable. Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to neutralize acidification of the soil G with the alkaline water. Second, it is inevitable that a relatively high concentration of ozone water is transmitted through the growing plant or directly spread on the soil, but this ozone water also kills various effective microorganisms near the soil surface. Could be done. Thus, by spraying alkaline water on the ground surface and bringing it into contact with ozone water, as described above, it has the purpose of promoting the decomposition of ozone and quickly invalidating the sterilizing function of ozone water.

The above is an example in which ozone water is sprayed on growing plants in a house. For plants growing in an outdoor mountain field such as an orchard, whether or not ozone water is to be transported to the spraying place is determined. , Or ozone water is produced locally. In the orchard or the like, a road is provided at least to the extent that a small truck can enter in order to transport fruits at the time of harvesting and to carry in various pesticides and fertilizers. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
A mobile ozone water spraying apparatus equipped with a raw water tank 42, a water softening device 11 for the raw water, an electrolytic ozone water producing device 1, and a power generating device 41 for generating electric power required for the electrolytic ozone water producing device. And that. In this apparatus, a suitable amount of raw water such as tap water is injected into the raw water tank 42 in an appropriate amount, and the vehicle is mounted on a vehicle 40 and carried into a site where ozone water is sprayed such as an orchard. In the field, a small power generator 41 is operated by gasoline, kerosene, a solar cell or the like to operate the electrolytic ozone water producing apparatus 1, and the raw water in the raw water tank 42 is passed through the water softening apparatus 11 to the electrolytic water. Ozone water production equipment 1
And ozone water is generated on the anode side and alkaline water is generated on the cathode side, as described above. The electrolytic ozone water producing apparatus 1 is provided with an ozone water discharge nozzle 1a and an alkaline water discharge nozzle 1b, each of which is connected to a pipe having a spray nozzle at a tip thereof, and the ozone water is supplied to a tree as described above. Alkaline water is sprayed on or above the root of the tree.

When the mobile ozone water spraying device is transported to a predetermined place and the spraying operation is performed on the spot, a spraying nozzle is provided at the tip of each of the ozone water discharge nozzle 1a and the alkaline water discharge nozzle 1b. A flexible hose such as a vinyl hose provided is connected, and one person sprays ozone water and the other person sprays alkaline water. In the case where the spraying operation is performed by one person, during the spraying of the ozone water, the alkaline water may be allowed to run down to the surface of the ground. However, unlike the ozone water, the alkaline water does not decompose. It is also possible to prepare an empty tank and store the alkaline water in the tank during the spraying of the ozone water, and to spray the alkaline water after the spraying of the ozone water is completed. On the other hand, each of the ozone water discharge nozzle 1a and the alkaline water discharge nozzle 1b may be provided with a fixed pipe having a spray nozzle at the tip, and spray ozone water or alkaline water while moving the vehicle. is there. In particular, this method is most suitable for spraying ozone water or alkaline water on street trees.

In the above description, the raw water tank 42
It is also possible to fill with soft water that has been softened in advance,
In this case, it goes without saying that the water softening device 11 does not need to be mounted on the vehicle 40.

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
In the following examples, in order to confirm the disease control effect of plants by spraying ozone water, cucumber leaves were sprayed with ozone water produced by the electrolytic ozone water producing apparatus shown in FIG. In the following, the control effect of "merely described as powdery mildew" was investigated, and the net photosynthetic rate of cucumber leaves before and after the ozone water spraying was measured to investigate the presence or absence of "photosynthesis suppression" by the ozone water spray. did.

[0033]

EXAMPLE A cucumber strain (variety: Sharp 7) was used as a test plant, and the cucumber strain was cultivated in a rooftop glass greenhouse in the Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Tokyo. A bark-processed plant cultivation support material was used as a medium, and Otsuka House B prescription 1 unit nutrient solution was supplied at a rate of 0.2 L per share once a day as a nutrient solution also serving as irrigation. The pathogen of powdery mildew was applied to the leaves of this cucumber strain to promote the onset of powdery mildew. Table 1 shows details of test plants and cultivation conditions.

[0034]

[Table 1]

In the test section, a “Cont section” where test water was not sprayed, a “DW section” where distilled water was sprayed, and an “O ₃ -2 section” where ozone water having an ozone concentration of 2 ppm was sprayed.
O ₃ -4 sprayed with ozone water with an ozone concentration of 4 ppm
Ward ”for a total of 4 test plots. Details of the test water (distilled water and ozone water) sprayed are as shown in Table 2. The ozone water producing apparatus used was a high concentration ozone water producing apparatus (Do-03 type) manufactured by Shinko Plant Construction Co., Ltd.

[0036]

[Table 2]

The spraying of the ozone water is performed using a shoulder-type sprayer (NH9).
D, manufactured by Maruyama Manufacturing Co., Ltd.)
1 twice a week. At the time of spraying, the surface of the medium was covered with a transparent plastic film so that ozone water did not touch the medium. The degree of powdery mildew (hereinafter simply referred to as “degree of disease”) is calculated from the value of all developed leaves visually evaluated based on the five-step evaluation method shown in Table 3 and the following equation (1).
It was calculated using.

[0038]

(Equation 1)

[0039]

[Table 3]

On the other hand, the net photosynthetic rate was measured at different light intensities (PPFD 300 and 500 μm) using a portable photosynthesis and evaporation measurement device (LI-6400, manufactured by LI-COR, USA).
ol · m ^-2 · s ^-1 ).

FIG. 7 showing the results of disease control by the above test.
As is evident from the figure, "Con
The disease rates of the “t section” and “DW section” gradually increased after the start of the test, while the “O ₃ -2 section” to which ozone water was sprayed was used.
And the incidence of disease in the “O ₃ -4 ward” has remained almost constant. On the last day of the test, the disease rates of the “O ₃ -2 section” and “O ₃ -4 section” were significantly smaller at the 1% level than those of the “Cont section” and “DW section”, respectively. There was no significant difference in the disease incidence between the “O ₃ -2 section” and the “O ₃ -4 section”. However, by spraying ozone water, a large control effect that can lower the disease degree can be expected. I understood.

Next, to suppress pure photosynthesis by spraying ozone water.
As shown in FIG. 8 and FIG.
The light intensity (PPFD 300 and 500 μmol · m^-2
・ S ^-1) Below, a large difference was observed before and after ozone water spraying.
And the slight difference was observed in the “Cont section” and
It is almost the same as that of "DW ward", and is sprayed with ozone water.
No inhibition of photosynthesis was observed.

In addition, as a result of this test, even when slightly acidic ozone water is sprayed, leaf scald-like physiological disorders (yellowing / browning of leaves) often observed due to spraying of strongly acidic electrolytic anolyte water.
Was not found.

From the above test results, it was clarified that the spraying of ozone water was effective for controlling powdery mildew and had no negative effect on cucumber leaves, such as suppression of photosynthesis and occurrence of physiological disorders. Was. From this fact, it is easily presumed that ozone water is also effective in controlling other diseases of plants. Although the ozone water concentration was considerably high at 2 to 4 ppm, it is considered that a more remarkable effect appears when a higher concentration of about 10 ppm is used.

As described above, the present invention is intended to control a plant disease by adjusting a relatively high concentration of ozone water to be weakly acidic and spraying it on the aerial part of a growing plant. It is needless to say that the present invention is not limited thereto, and that there are various applications and modifications. For example, in the example of FIG. 2, the spray nozzles 7 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the ozone water spray pipe 5a, but when the type of the growing plant P changes, the nozzle interval is changed according to the interval of the growing plant P. In general, the structure is adjustable. In this case, the nozzle interval can be adjusted by making the distributing pipe 5a expandable or contractible or by forming the distributing pipe from a flexible material such as a vinyl hose and appropriately adjusting the degree of slack. It is also possible to do. Furthermore, it is also possible to use only one spray nozzle 7 and to move the ozone water above the growing plant so as to sequentially spray the ozone water.

In the case of spraying ozone water on growing plants grown in a house, the concentration of ozone water used in the present invention is relatively high. Not preferred. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the ozone water producing apparatus and the ozone water tank are installed outside the house, and only the ozone water spraying pipe is installed inside the house, so that the worker does not enter the house. However, it is preferable that all operations can be performed outside the house.

In the case of orchards grown outdoors, such as oranges, grapes, pears, peaches, etc., an on-vehicle type ozone water producing apparatus is carried in the vicinity of the orchard, and each tree is fed from the apparatus with a flexible hose. As described above, ozone water is sprayed toward the above-ground part.In the case of orchards in mountainous areas, irrigation pipes are often already installed, so in this case, It is also possible to send ozone water through the pipe, and to collect ozone water from faucets located at various places in the pipe to a shoulder-type sprayer currently used for pesticide spraying and spray it on each tree. It is. Such a system becomes possible because the ozone water used in the present invention has a relatively high concentration and the pH is adjusted so that the natural decomposition of ozone is suppressed.

In the case where ozone water is sprayed only on a part of the group of growing plants where disease is observed, the shoulder-type sprayer is filled with ozone water and transported to the site, or It is also possible to fill the tank and transport it near the site, whereupon the ozone water is fractionated and sprayed on the sprayer.
In this case, in order to suppress the natural decomposition rate of the ozone water, the acidity may be increased, and the pH may be adjusted by adding water on site.

When adjusting the pH of ozone water by adding an acid, if the target plant is growing, an inexpensive diluted aqueous solution of a strong acid such as dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid is used. It is possible to adjust the pH with a safe weak acid such as acetic acid, citric acid or malic acid, which is not affected even if it enters the human body. Adjustment is preferred.

[0050]

As described above, according to the method for controlling plant diseases using ozone water according to the present invention, since a relatively high concentration of ozone water is used, it is possible to prolong the holding time of the sterilization effect by ozone. In addition, the pH of the ozone water is adjusted to a weak acidity that can suppress the natural decay of the ozone water concentration, so that the sterilizing effect of ozone can be maintained for a longer time, and the plant can be reliably planted even after spraying. Disease control effect will be maintained.

Further, since the ozone water concentration can be maintained in an effective range for a long time by adjusting the pH of the ozone water, even if the spraying place is far from the ozone water production place, the ozone water can be transported. The target of disease control by spraying ozone water can be expanded as appropriate, and it is expected to greatly contribute to eliminating pesticides and reducing pesticides. In particular, when adopting a method of storing ozone water sent from an ozone water production device in a tank, the tank is made substantially sealed so that the ozone water concentration during the storage period in the tank is reduced. Since the natural attenuation can be suppressed, the synergistic effect with the above-mentioned pH adjustment enables the ozone water to be transported over a longer distance, and the object to be sprayed with the ozone water can be further expanded.

When an ozone water producing apparatus by electrolysis of water is used as the ozone water producing apparatus, alkaline water is generated on the cathode side together with the ozone water on the anode side. Instead of spraying on the root of the plant or in the vicinity thereof, the neutralizing action of the weakly acidic ozone water dropped on the ground surface and the pH of the weakly acidic ozone water
To increase the natural decomposition rate of ozone and prevent the negative obstacle of sterilizing effective microorganisms near the ground surface with ozone water.

Further, if the ozone water producing apparatus is mounted on a vehicle together with a raw water tank and a power generation apparatus to be mobile, even if the plant is grown in a vast arable land such as an orchard,
It is also possible to spread the vehicle while moving it sequentially, and it becomes possible to expand the application range of the plant disease control system using ozone water as much as possible.

In particular, since the use of pesticides, which has been regarded as a problem in terms of the environment and health, can be eliminated or at least reduced, not only human health but also insects and other animals and plants can be reduced. The effect of the present invention on society and the environment is expected to be great, for example, adverse effects are reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an example of a plant disease control apparatus for carrying out a plant disease control method according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of an anode water (ozone water) spray pipe and a cathode water (alkali water) spray pipe in the plant growing house shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a main part of an electrolytic ozone water producing apparatus used in the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes over time in ozone water concentration at various pHs.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing changes over time in ozone water concentration in a closed system, an open air system, and an air circulation system.

FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a portable ozone water spraying apparatus used in the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing a disease control effect by spraying ozone water according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing a comparison of a net photosynthetic rate before and after ozone water spraying.

FIG. 9 is another graph showing a comparison of net photosynthetic rates before and after ozone water spraying.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ozone water production apparatus 2 Ozone water tank 3 Alkaline water tank 4 Plant cultivation house 5 Anode water (ozone water) discharge pipe 5a Anode water (ozone water) distribution pipe 6 Cathode water (alkali water) discharge pipe 6a Cathode water (alkali water) ) Spraying pipe 7 Ozone water spraying nozzle 8 Cathode water (alkaline water) spraying nozzle 11 Water softener 40 Vehicle 41 Power generator 42 Raw material water tank

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] September 12, 2000 (2009.1.
2)

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Claims

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[Claims]

6. A raw water to be used in the electrolysis method, a soft water which has been softened processed by alkali metal ion exchange resin, the electrolysis of soft water results in the alkaline water produced on the cathode side the plant root portion or disease control method of the plant according to claim 5, sprayed near the

7. An apparatus for controlling plant diseases using ozone water, comprising: an ozone water production apparatus (1) for producing ozone water on the anode side by electrolysis of water; and an electrolytic ozone water production apparatus (10). 1) anode ozone water discharge <br/> pipe with (connected to 5) ozone water spraying pipe having a spraying nozzle (7) for spraying the ozone water on the ground portion of the plant (5a), A cathode water spray pipe (8) connected to a cathode water discharge pipe (6) of the electrolytic ozone water producing device (1) and having a spray nozzle (8) for spraying cathode water at or near the root of the plant; 6a), a plant disease control apparatus characterized by comprising:

8. comprising ozone water tank for storing the ozone water fed from the anode side ozone water discharge pipe (5) (2), the ozone water spraying pipe (5a) via a pump (P1) The ozone water tank (2) is connected to the tank.
The plant disease control apparatus according to 7 above.

Wherein said ozone water tank (2) is disease control apparatus of the plant of claim 8, wherein the sealed structure or pressure capable of holding tank

Wherein said comprising a water softener using an alkali metal ion exchange resin for treating softening raw water to be supplied to the electrolytic ozone water production apparatus (1) (11), the electrolytic ozone water No so as to produce an alkaline water on the cathode side of the manufacturing apparatus (1), the composed in the manner being sprayed alkali water from the cathode water spraying pipe (6a) according to claim 7 or
9. The plant disease control apparatus according to any one of 9 above.

11. The through with alkaline water tank for storing alkaline water fed from the cathode side drain pipe (6) (3), said cathode water spraying pipe (6a) is a pump (P2) alkali Claims connected to a water tank (3)
The plant disease control apparatus according to 10 ,

12. A raw water tank (43); an electrolytic ozone water producing apparatus (1) for electrolyzing raw water supplied from the raw water tank (43) to generate ozone water; A power generator (41) for supplying necessary power to the ozone water producing apparatus is mounted on a vehicle, and the electrolytic ozone water producing apparatus (1) has an anode-side drain nozzle (1a) for discharging ozone water. And discharge the cathode water
A cathode water drain nozzle (1b) is formed, and a flexible hose is connected to each of the nozzles so that the ozone water and the cathode water can be sprayed at a predetermined location.

13. The method of claim wherein the raw water softening device for processing soften (42) is arranged between the raw water tank (43) and the electrolytic ozone water production apparatus (1) 1
Ozone water spraying device according to 2

14. The water softening device (42) uses an alkali metal ion exchange resin, and alkaline water is discharged from a cathode side drain nozzle (1b) of the electrolytic ozone water producing device (1). 14. The apparatus for spraying ozone water according to claim 13 , wherein

[Procedure amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0009

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[0009] The second feature is that the ozone water is made into a weakly acidic water, whereby the rate of decomposition of ozone in the ozone water during storage and transportation during piping is suppressed, and the duration of the ozone effect is extended. In addition, the point is to enhance the effectiveness of ozone water spraying. In this case, the pH of the ozone water is 3 or more and 7
Less than the preferred , in the water electrolytic ozone water production method, the anode
Since slightly acidic ozone water is generated,
There is a method to use, but further adjust the pH by adding acid
The method is also common. The acid used in this case is
During the growth of the plant, a diluted aqueous solution of a strong acid such as dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid can be used. Before harvesting vegetables or fruits that are edible parts, a weak acid such as acetic acid, citric acid, or malic acid is added. It is preferable to adjust the pH.

[Procedure amendment 3]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0010

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

As the ozone water , ozone water generated on the anode side by an electrolysis method of water in which high-concentration ozone water is easily obtained can be used.
Used . In this case, as raw water for electrolysis, using soft water treated water softening using an alkali metal-type ion exchange resins Then, since alkaline water is produced on the cathode side, the alkaline water, the plants as Irrigation It can also be sprayed at the root or in the vicinity thereof. This has the effect of strengthening the physiological function of the plant and neutralizing the weakly acidic ozone water that has fallen to the root of the plant or in the vicinity of the ground surface, thereby promoting the decomposition of ozone in the ozone water.

[Procedure amendment 4]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0011

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

Furthermore, as a preferred apparatus for carrying out the disease control method of the plant, the anode side ozone water for discharging the ozone water in the ozone water production apparatus for producing ozone water to the anode side by the electrolysis of the water The discharge pipe is connected with an ozone water spray pipe having a spray nozzle for spraying ozone water on the above-ground part of the plant, while the cathode water discharge pipe is provided with cathode water at or near the root of the plant. As a modification example, the ozone water is stored in an ozone water tank, and the ozone water is supplied to the ozone water distribution pipe via a pump from the tank by connecting a cathode water spray pipe having a spray nozzle for spraying. In some cases, water is supplied. In this case, the ozone water tank is preferably a tank having a closed structure from the viewpoint of suppressing the natural decomposition rate of ozone water.

[Procedure amendment 5]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0014

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[0014]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. Figure 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of an apparatus for carrying out the disease control method of the plant according to the present invention, as the ozone water production apparatus 1, shows the ozone water production apparatus by electrolysis method water . In the figure, appropriate raw water such as tap water is supplied from a pipe 10 to a softening device 11 via a valve V1, and raw water subjected to softening treatment is supplied to the electrolytic ozone water producing device 1. In the apparatus 1, the raw water supplied to the anode side is discharged with ozone water from the ozone water discharge pipe 5 on the anode side, and is supplied to the ozone water spray pipe 5a via the valve V2. Similarly, the raw water supplied to the cathode side is supplied from the cathode side drain pipe 6 to the cathode water spray pipe 6a as alkaline cathode water via the valve V3.

[Procedure amendment 6]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0019

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

Incidentally, when the raw water supplied to the electrolytic ozone water producing apparatus 1 is subjected to water softening treatment, the water softening apparatus 1
As 1, there are a method using an alkali metal type ion exchange resin using an alkali metal represented by sodium and a method using a hydrogen type ion exchange resin. In the former case, calcium and magnesium in raw water are removed. Alkali metal ions and alkaline earth metal ions such as sodium ions (Na ⁺ ) and calcium ions (Ca ⁺⁺ ) contained in trace amounts in the water collect on the cathode surface because they are replaced with alkali metals. concentrated, alkaline water and without water on the cathode side, the alkaline water discharged from the cathode water outlet 29 together with the aforementioned hydrogen gas will be fed to the alkaline water tank 3 through the pipe 12 before mentioned. As described above, on the cathode side, alkali metal ions or alkaline earth metal ions (mainly N
It has been confirmed that as a result of concentration of a ⁺ ), alkaline water having a pH of 9 to 11 or higher is generated as water on the cathode side. On the other hand, in the latter case, calcium and magnesium in the raw water are replaced with hydrogen, so that no alkaline water is generated and almost neutral cathode water is discharged. In the regeneration treatment of these ion exchange resins, the former is regenerated with a saline solution that generates sodium ions.In the latter case, dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid that generates hydrogen ions is used. The use of a sodium-type (alkali metal-type) ion-exchange resin is a preferable method because problems such as preservation of these acids and treatment of acidic wastewater occur. Hereinafter, an example in which alkaline water is generated on the cathode side using the water softening device using such an alkali metal ion exchange resin will be described.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) A01G 25/09 A01G 25/09 C 4H011 A01M 1/00 A01M 1/00 Z 4K021 7/00 7/00 D A01N 25/02 A01N 25/02 B05B 1/02 B05B 1/02 C02F 1/46 C02F 1/46 Z C25B 1/13 C25B 1/00 F F term (reference) 2B022 AA01 DA19 EA10 2B029 AA02 BB06 GA06 MA10 XA03 2B121 AA20 CB02 CB13 CB23 CB33 CB42 CB47 CB61 CC37 EA12 EA21 FA16 4D061 DB01 EA02 EB01 EB04 ED20 4F033 AA06 AA07 BA03 BA04 CA01 DA05 EA06 4H011 AA01 BA01 BB18 BC06 BC18 DA13 DD01 ACO3 DBA13A03

Claims (15)

[Claims] 1. A method for controlling plant diseases using ozone water, wherein a weakly acidic ozone water having an ozone water concentration of 30 ppm or less is sprayed on the aerial part of the plant. 2. The method for controlling plant diseases according to claim 1, wherein the ozone water concentration is 2 to 20 ppm. 3. The method for controlling plant diseases according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the ozone water is 3 or more and less than 7 and weakly acidic. 4. The pH adjustment is performed by adding diluted water of a strong acid such as dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid to the ozone water, and the obtained weakly acidic ozone water is sprayed on growing plants.
Method for controlling plant diseases described in 5. The pH adjustment is performed by adding a weak acid such as acetic acid, citric acid or malic acid to the ozone water, and the obtained weakly acidic ozone water is sprayed on the edible portion of the plant. 3. The method for controlling plant diseases according to 3. 6. The method for controlling plant diseases according to claim 1, wherein the ozone water is ozone water generated on the anode side by a water electrolysis method. 7. The raw water used in the electrolysis method is soft water that has been softened with an alkali metal ion exchange resin, and the alkaline water generated on the cathode side as a result of the soft water electrolysis method is used for the plant. The method for controlling plant diseases according to claim 6, wherein the method is sprayed at or near the root. 8. A plant disease control apparatus using ozone water, comprising: an ozone water production apparatus (1) for producing ozone water on the anode side by a water electrolysis method; and an electrolytic ozone water production apparatus (8). 1) Anode side drain pipe (5)
An ozone water spray pipe (5a) having a spray nozzle (7) for spraying the ozone water on the above-ground part of the plant; and a cathode-side drain pipe of the electrolytic ozone water production device (1). 6) a cathodic water spray pipe (6a) having a spray nozzle (8) for spraying cathodic water at or near the root of the plant, the plant disease control comprising: apparatus 9. An ozone water tank (2) for storing ozone water supplied from the anode side drain pipe (5), and the ozone water spray pipe (5a) is provided with a pump (P1). The plant disease control apparatus according to claim 8, which is connected to a water tank (2). 10. The plant disease control apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the ozone water tank (2) is a closed structure or a tank capable of holding pressure. 11. A water softening device (11) using an alkali metal ion exchange resin for softening raw water supplied to the electrolytic ozone water producing device (1), wherein the electrolytic ozone water is provided. The alkaline water is generated on the cathode side of the manufacturing apparatus (1), and the alkaline water is sprayed from the cathode water spray pipe (6a). Plant disease control equipment 12. An alkaline water tank (3) for storing alkaline water supplied from the cathode side drain pipe (6), and the cathode water spray pipe (6a) is connected to the alkaline water tank via a pump (P2). The plant disease control apparatus according to claim 11, which is connected to a water tank (3). 13. A raw water tank (43); an electrolytic ozone water producing apparatus (1) for electrolyzing raw water supplied from the raw water tank (43) to generate ozone water; A power generator (41) for supplying necessary power to the ozone water producing apparatus is mounted on a vehicle, and the electrolytic ozone water producing apparatus (1) has an anode-side drain nozzle (1a) for discharging ozone water. And a cathode-side drain nozzle (1b) are formed, each of which is connected to a flexible hose so that the ozone water and the cathode water can be sprayed to a predetermined location. 14. A water softening device (42) for softening the raw water is disposed between the raw water tank (43) and the electrolytic ozone water producing device (1).
Ozone water spraying device according to 3 15. The water softening device (42) uses an alkali metal ion exchange resin, and alkaline water is discharged from a cathode side drain nozzle (1b) of the electrolytic ozone water producing device (1). 15. The apparatus for spraying ozone water according to claim 14, wherein