RU2438360C2 - Natural composition of biologically active substances of loricate wastes of specified development cycle prawn, production, application (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to fish industry. The composition of biologically active substances of prawn loricate wastes includes (in terms of the dry loricate substance weight): fats and astaxanthin carotenoid - 10-18%, chitin/chitosan - 21.4-43%, proteins - 36-42%, remainders of lorica mineral components- 5-10.6%, water - 6-8%. The composition is applied as a food product or fodder for different deceases therapy, for contaminated objects detoxication, as a substance enhancing soil fertility and raw material for production of chitin/chitosan substances and carotenoids. According to the method the cephalothorax is separated from the abdomen of pre-peeling development stage shellfishes during the first 4 hours after fishing. The loricate wastes are frozen in a saturated solution of culinary salt at a temperature of -2°C, glased by way of dipping in cold fresh water for 10 minutes and stored at a temperature of -5 - -20°C till processing. The raw material is frozen, dried, pressed, stored at a processing enterprise, before commercialisation the raw material is milled and packed.

EFFECT: invention allows to reduce raw material loss.

12 cl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of fishing industry:

- to a non-waste, simplified method of obtaining a natural composition of biologically active substances under the general name "Hitax";

- the composition “Hitax” includes: the active principle - chitin / chitosan 21.4-43% (by weight of dry shell material), fats with astaxanthin carotenoid 10-18%, additional components - proteins 36-42%, residues of the mineral component shell and enzymes 5-10.6%, water 6-8% (by weight of dry shell material);

- the shrimp is caught in a pre-molt form, which reduces the calcium inclusions of the hard cuticle (shell).

The invention can be used to obtain a similar composition in the composition of the shell-containing substances from other raw materials belonging to the class of crustaceans (CRUSTACEA). The composition of biologically active substances "Hitax" can be used in medicine, food industry, veterinary medicine, agriculture.

Currently, chitin, chitosan, and other substances that make up the outer skeleton of the crustacean shell are widely used. As a rule, they are used in chemically pure and not in natural (i.e. not in composition with other substances that form the shell of crustaceans) form. This is due to the needs of their areas of use, requiring predictability of the properties of the substances used. The predictability of the properties is guaranteed by the use of chemically pure reagents having the same structural structure of the molecules included in them.

Studies have shown that the designation of a natural polysaccharide consisting of N-acetylglucosamine units linked by a β- (1 → 4) -glucoside bond as “chitin” is arbitrary. Natural chitin always has some deacetylated residues. If the degree of de-appetilation is exceeded 15%, this substance is already called chitosan (Viladat J.-P. New improved delivery system for active ingredients created using chitosan technology. SOFW-Jornal No. 3/2001). Thus, for substances from natural chitin, the terms “chitin” and “chitosan” are common and the separation between them is arbitrary. Consequently, the use of natural chitin even when purified from protein, mineral, lipid-karatinoid and other components of the shell provides for work with a mixture of biopolymers of close but different composition.

Chitin and chitosan, being insoluble polymers, differ in that chitosan can dissolve in an acidic medium (at pH <6) due to the addition of a proton to the NH ₂ group. This leads to its solubility in water. In this regard, dried and crushed chitin / chitosan - containing waste from the processing of crustaceans, are used in agriculture as a fertilizer that increases soil fertility; in veterinary medicine as a food supplement to pet food, but in a limited amount due to an excess of the mineral component.

It is known that chitin is not found in a free state and cannot be obtained without any preliminary processing of natural material.

In the case of crustaceans, to obtain pure chitin that meets the requirements of the international standard, it is necessary to completely remove the proteins and the mineral component of the shell, since chitin is usually associated with proteins, lipids, pigments (color the shell), inorganic salts (their amount determines the degree of strength of the shell) . The mineral component that ensures the hardness of the shell and the hardening of the crustacean cuticle after molting is calcium carbonate Ca (H ₂ CO ₃ ) ₂ . The minimum amount of these calcium inclusions in the shell of crustaceans is found before molting (Ca (H ₂ CO ₃ ) ₂ enters the blood from the old cuticle). At the same time, the amount of chitin / chitosan in the “old” shell, for example, of a crab is maximum - from 18 to 30% relative to the weight of dry shell (for a newly faded crab, from 2 to 5% of chitin per dry substance) (A. Slizkin et al. Commercial crabs of the Kamchatka waters (P.-Kamchatsky, 2000, p. 149). Therefore, the catch and processing of crustaceans before shedding makes it possible to obtain chitin / chitosan-containing waste with a minimum amount of the mineral component of the solid cuticle and, therefore, with the possible exception of the demineralization stage for substances that are not used in a chemically pure form.

The property of chitin to occur in nature almost always only in a bound form in the case of crustaceans emphasizes the "pluses" of processing and using shell-like waste without deep processing and separation of the substances that make up the solid cuticle. The carotenoids that make up the chitin cuticle are valuable substances that complement the unique physicochemical properties of chitin / chitosan substances: selective sorption ability - the formation of complexes with metals having variable valency (heavy, rare earths), halogens and various poisons, with the ability to remove them from the body ; sorption of radioactive elements with the stability of biopolymers to the effects of γ-radiation; inertia; non-toxicity; the possession of moisture and breathability; the presence of antibacterial, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiallergenic activity; biocompatibility with tissues of living organisms; biodegradability; ability to accelerate regenerative processes during tissue healing and joint repair; the ability to bind cholesterol, fatty, bile acids, remove them from the body, preventing the development of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, obesity; the ability to increase anti-cancer immunity and activate immunity in diseases associated with immunodeficiency; the ability to act as a catalyst substance that promotes the digestion of food; ability to regulate blood pressure; improve intestinal function by increasing the production of bifidobacteria and other effective flora. The complex of these unique properties is complemented by an equally important and unique property - to increase visual acuity by a non-surgical method that does not provide any therapeutic effect thanks to the astaxanthin carotenoid, which is in free form in shell-like waste as a result of heat treatment.

This is due to the fact that the color diversity of the shell of crustaceans is due to pigments, most of which are represented by carotenoids that are part of lipids (Animal Life, Volume 2. - M .: Education, 1988, pp. 388-412). Caratinoids are bioactive substances that contribute to the improvement of physiological processes in the human body. One of them is astaxanthin, which is pure red in its pure form.

Combining with proteins, it forms pigments of bluish and brownish tones in the shell of crustaceans. With increasing temperature, these compounds are destroyed, astaxanthin is released and is absorbed in this form by the body, increasing visual acuity. Therefore, astaxanthin, which is part of the substances from the processing of shell-like waste of crustaceans, can be used in ophthalmology as a non-surgical method for treating visual impairment. In this case, additional chemical, electrochemical, biological and any other treatment of shell-like waste is not required, since the presence of residues of proteins, enzymes, lipids, the mineral component of the crustacean solid cuticle not only does not interfere with the biological activity of chitin / chitosan substances and astaxanthin, but once again supplements them with the properties of easily digestible proteins (they contain all the essential amino acids), phosphorus, calcium, iodine, copper, zinc, iron, vitamins not only of group A, but also of D, unsaturated irnyh acids having 1-6 double bonds.

Known non-waste complex processing of chitin-containing raw materials (US Pat. RF No. 2207033, 2003) includes enzymatic hydrolysis of shell proteins with hepatopancreas of raw crab or an enzyme preparation obtained from it; deproteinization; demineralization; second deproteinization; deacetylation. This requires a sufficiently large amount of enzyme preparation or raw hepatopancreas per kilogram of protein-containing raw (1-10 / 10-200 g: 1 kg) using fairly laborious procedures: mixing, dosage, application, assessment of the proteolytic activity of the introduced enzyme substances. This leads to an increase in the cost of the final pure product, chitin, which has unpredictable quality. This is the disadvantage of the method.

A known method of producing chitin from frozen or dried shell of krill, shrimp, crab. This is a two-stage acid-base treatment of raw materials with chemical reagents (Bykov V.P., Furman D.I. Obtaining chitosan from gammarus - Proceedings of VNIRO. M: VNIRO, 2001, p. 28). Carrying out the stages of deproteinization, demineralization using chemical reagents, further separation of the lipid-pigment component from the shell-containing raw material allows you to get a clean final product - chitin, but having a high cost due to the increase in chemical effluents and the need for their disposal. This is the disadvantage of the method.

Another well-known method of complex processing of chitin-containing raw materials (US Pat. RF No. 2123269, 1998) is also multi-stage (autolysis of raw materials, enzymatic hydrolysis, alkaline deproteination of chitin-containing wastes), is long-lasting (demineralization of the chitin semi-finished product takes up to 20 hours), requires strict regulation of antiseptic application, as this negatively affects the quality of the finished product. This is the disadvantage of this method.

Known electrochemical method for producing chitin / chitosan. It allows you to maximize the use of all components of the processed raw materials. This reduces the use of acids, alkalis, fresh water. But the proposed technology is economically disadvantageous due to the costs of creating special technological lines for the production of chitin / chitosan biosorbents in remote areas of the country and because of the cost of electricity.

The use of chitin / chitosan biosorbents in medicine, veterinary medicine, and agriculture as a neutralizer of radiation infection of objects and living organisms is a close analogue to the use of the Hitaks composition in various sectors of the national economy. The disadvantage is that the separation into chemically pure substances that make up the shell of crustaceans requires large material and time costs, while some of the valuable ingredients are lost, and their native (natural) structure is almost always lost (Maslova GB and other new technologies for producing chitin / chitosan sorbents. Fisheries, 1996, No. 3, p.20).

A known method of complex processing of crustaceans with the release of carotenoids, including after grinding raw two or three times the extraction of biologically active substances from it with acetone, combining the extract solutions, evaporating acetone under vacuum at a temperature not exceeding 60 ° C, mixing the residue with an organic solvent, separation into phases, filtering and drying with a dehydrating agent, evaporation under vacuum. The solid residue obtained after extraction is used to obtain chitin and protein (US Pat. RF No. 2179816, 2002). Due to the use of an expensive solvent, acetone, the method is not economically viable. A known method of producing carotenoids in the complex processing of shell-like waste of crayfish, comprising the steps of the previously mentioned method, but hexane is used instead of acetone (US Pat. RF No. 2292163, 2004). The disadvantage of this method is the use of chemicals requiring disposal.

The closest analogue to the use of crustaceans together with shell-like substances is their use in cooking as a food product. The preparation includes the following operations: the shrimp stripped from the entrails or the whole shrimp are fried in hot oil for 2-3 minutes, then turned over and fried for another 1-2 minutes. In cooking methods, it is possible to soak in oil with spices and / or herbs and / or add spices, herbs before and / or after frying the shrimp. The disadvantage of using crustaceans by the indicated methods is the destruction of the shell caratinoids due to prolonged high-temperature processing, the use of shell-like substances in unmilled form, which reduces the efficiency of their assimilation (Big cookbook. - M .: Eksmo, 2005, p. 170-171).

The closest analogue to the oral use of carotenoid substances in order to improve the physiological properties of the body, including vision, is a method of consuming β-carotene karatinoid in an edible vegetable - carrots. Its use does not cause toxic effects. In biochemical processes, β-carotene passes into retinal, then into retinol. The disadvantage of using β-carotene as a substance that improves the physiological properties of the body, which increases visual acuity when taken orally, is that with an increase in its consumption in carrots, the intensity of coloring of the skin in yellow-orange color increases with the further appearance of spots (Griffith B Vitamins, herbs, minerals. - M., 2002, p. 70).

A known method of obtaining fodder flour from the shell waste of crustaceans, from the composition of which carotenoids are not removed. The flour composition corresponding to GOST 2116-2000 “Feed flour from fish, marine mammals, crustaceans and invertebrates” is taken as a prototype of the composition of the natural composition of biologically active substances “Hitax”. The feed flour obtained according to the specified GOST has the following composition: chitin / chitosan 5.4-18%, fats 10-18%, proteins 36-42%, mineral component 24-24.5%, water 10-12%, antioxidant 0.1% The disadvantages of the flour of the described composition are a reduced amount of chitin / chitosan substances, an increased amount of the mineral component, the need to add antioxidant substances, a decrease in the activity of carotenoids due to non-compliance with the conditions for their processing.

The closest adopted for the prototype for the production of the natural composition of biologically active substances “Hitax” is a method for producing crab flour (A. Slizkin et al. Commercial crabs of the Kamchatka waters. P.-Kamchatsky, 2000, p.148). The crushed mass of shell-like waste is dried in rotary cylindrical dryers heated by steam or flue gases. Drying is carried out at a temperature of 107-110 ° C. Dried to a moisture content of 7-10%, the semifinished product is grinded on a disintegrator.

This method involves obtaining a product from the processing of shell-like waste of crustaceans (crab) with a high content of mineral component, since the catch of raw does not provide for its selection depending on the development cycle of crustaceans, because of which the product cannot be used for food, medicine, veterinary medicine . The disadvantage is heating above 100 ° C, due to which astaxanthin decomposes, and the fact that the grinding of the mass occurs before and after drying. This leads to an increase in the area of contact of the product particles with atmospheric oxygen, which increases the rate of the oxidation reaction, thereby deteriorating the quality and biological activity of substances.

Therefore, in the method according to the invention, the puff-containing waste discharged from the dryer is proposed to either be stored in a friable form or subjected to a press, thereby removing the protruding parts of the shell, but without crushing it. This reduces the contact area of substances (reagents) with atmospheric oxygen, slowing down the oxidation processes

For deeper processing of biological raw materials, special equipment is required, significant capital investments, therefore, about a third of the biomass of waste from harvested crustaceans is currently dumped into the sea, which violates the sanitary and hygienic indicators of the fishing area. The existing norms for the consumption of raw materials in the manufacture of products from crustaceans actually consolidate this position (Handbook of the technologist. - Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 1997), although the extraction and processing of crustaceans can be waste-free by minimizing waste at each technological stage of processing biological raw materials . This would increase the profitability of the fishery, improve the ecological situation, and make it possible to provide the national economy with valuable compositions of biologically active substances.

The objective of the proposed invention:

- waste-free receipt from shell-containing wastes of shrimp caught in the state preceding molting, a product from bioactive substances that contains a minimum amount of mineral component - calcium carbonate and maximum - chitin / chitosan 21.4-43 %%, fats with astaxanthin 10 carotenoid -18%, additional components - proteins 36-42%, residues of the mineral component of the shell and enzymes 5-10.6%, water 6-8% (by weight of dry shell material);

- use of properties (Maslova GB and others. New technologies for producing chitin / chitosan sorbents. Fisheries, 1996, No. 3, p.20) of the composition "Hitaks", similar to the properties of chitin / chitosan substances and astaxanthin carotenoid (selective sorption ability - the formation of complexes with metals with variable valency (heavy, rare earths), halogens and various poisons, with the ability to remove them from the body; sorption of radioactive elements with the stability of biopolymers to the effects of γ-radiation; inertia t; nontoxicity; possession of moisture and air permeability; presence of antibacterial, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiallergenic activity; biocompatibility with tissues of living organisms; biodegradability; ability to accelerate regenerative processes during tissue healing and restoration of joints; ability to bind cholesterol, fatty, bile acids, excrete them from the body, preventing the development of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, obesity; the ability to increase anti-cancer immunity and activate immunity in diseases associated with immunodeficiency; the ability to act as a catalyst substance that promotes the digestion of food; ability to regulate blood pressure; improve intestinal function by increasing the production of bifidobacteria and other effective flora; ability to improve other physiological properties of the body, increase visual acuity) in medicine, in veterinary medicine, pharmacology, agriculture, in the decontamination of objects infected with radioactive substances and in the treatment of living organisms.

The problem is achieved by the method of waste-free production of bioactive substances from the shell residues of crustaceans. The method is characterized in that it involves the use of natural raw materials in the form of crustaceans caught in the developmental stage, preceding molting, live or bred (shelf life of not more than four hours), in which the cephalothorax is separated from the abdomen in the first four hours (i.e. neck, in which the edible portion is located), using the cephalothorax as a raw material to obtain Hitax. The prepared mass is frozen in saturated saline. To increase the shelf life, glazing in fresh water is possible. In this form, raw materials are supplied to the processing plant. Subsequently, the mass quickly frozen in fresh water is dried. Dried to a moisture content of 6-8%, the semi-finished product is pressed. In this form, it is stored at a temperature not exceeding 20 ° C. Before implementation, it is ground.

The technical result consists in:

- environmentally beneficial due to non-waste production of shrimp from the shell residues in the developmental stage preceding molting, the natural composition of bioactive substances in the composition: chitin / chitosan 21.4-43%, i.e. chitin / chitosan substances are 16-25% more compared to feed flour; fats with astaxanthin carotenoid 10-18%, i.e. the emergence of a new substance, which means the emergence of new properties and areas of use of compositions of shell-like substances of crustaceans additional components - proteins 36-42%; residues of the mineral component and enzymes 5-10.6%, i.e. a smaller amount, on average, by 19% compared to fodder flour, which allows you to use the composition without the cost of isolating the mineral component of the shell; water 6-8% (by weight of dry shell substance); the specified composition without the introduction of an antioxidant, which reduces the cost of the final product is a composition of bioactive substances "Hitax";

- using the properties of the composition of biologically active substances "Hitax" in various sectors of the economy. Selective sorption ability - the formation of complexes with metals having a variable valency (heavy, rare earths), halogens and various poisons with the ability to remove them from the body - allows you to use the composition "Hitax" in medicine, veterinary medicine, in the treatment of poisoning by poisons, toxic substances, their products decay of representatives of vertebrate organisms, including humans. Sorption of radioactive elements with the stability of biopolymers from exposure to γ-radiation makes it possible to use the Hitax composition for the deactivation of radioactive infection of objects of different state of aggregation (solid-friable), treatment of vertebral organisms, including humans, when exposed to ionizing radiation, as well as in the treatment of burns from high-frequency ionizing radiation. Inertness, non-toxicity allows you to use the composition "Hitax" as a food product, drugs - therapeutic agent of the pharmacological composition, as well as their parts, both additional and as an active component. The possession of moisture and air permeability allows the use of the Hitax composition to increase soil fertility, as well as when stopping conditions in vertebrate organisms, including humans, associated with impaired anaerobic respiration of the body. The presence of antibacterial antimicrobial, antiviral, antiallergenic activity allows the use of the composition "Hitax" for inflammatory, skin, allergic diseases. Biocompatibility with the tissues of living organisms, biodegradability allows the use of the composition "Hitax" as a substance introduced into the body by the oral method in unlimited quantities. The ability to accelerate regenerative processes during tissue healing and joint repair allows the use of the Hitaks composition in the treatment of bone diseases, joint diseases, injuries, and connective tissue disorders. The ability to bind cholesterol, fatty, bile acids, remove them from the body, preventing the development of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, obesity; to regulate blood pressure allows you to use the composition "Hitax" in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, obesity or to reduce body weight. The ability to increase anti-cancer immunity and activate immunity in diseases associated with immunodeficiency allows the use of the composition “Hitax” in the treatment of cancer, to strengthen the body’s immune responses. The ability to act as a catalyst substance that promotes the digestion of food; to improve the intestines by increasing the production of bifidobacteria and other effective flora allows you to use the composition "Hitax" for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases and disorders. To improve a number of other physiological processes of the body in combination with an increase in visual acuity allows the use of the composition "Hitax" in ophthalmology and for general strengthening of the body.

A method of obtaining a composition of bioactive substances "Hitax" of the specified composition is as follows. Natural raw materials are used in the form of crustaceans caught in the developmental stage that precedes molting, live or barned (shelf life of not more than 4 hours), in which the cephalothorax from the abdomen is separated in the first 4 hours after harvesting, raw materials from shellfish waste (cephalothorax and / or carapace of abdomen) is frozen in a saturated solution of sodium chloride at a temperature of -2 ° C. To increase the shelf life, glaze by short-term immersion for 10 minutes in cold fresh water, store until processing, observing a temperature of -5 to -20 ° С. At a processing plant, they are quickly thawed by immersion in fresh water at a temperature not exceeding 20 ° C or in air and dried in rotary cylindrical dryers heated by steam or flue gas. Drying is carried out at a temperature of from 80 to 97 ° C. Dried to a moisture content of 6-8%, the semi-finished product is pressed or crumbly stored at a temperature not exceeding 20 ° C without access of light. Before implementation, grind on a disintegrator, spinning top or similar devices to particles no more than 0.5 mm. The resulting product is sent for packaging.

Example 1

A marine accumulation of shrimp in the state preceding molting and reproduction was caught and, on the vessel, in the first four hours, the cephalothorax was separated from the abdomen. Raw materials consisting of cephalothorax were frozen in saturated saline at a temperature of -2 ° C. Sent to the coastal base, observing the temperature regime of -5 ° С. On the coastal enterprise was thawed in cold fresh water with a temperature of 15 ° C. They took it out of the water and loaded it into a cylindrical rotary dryer, which is heated by flue gases to a temperature of 97 ° C. Dried. Upon reaching a moisture content of 7%, the raw materials were removed from the dryer, compressed. Packed in polyethylene and stored at 3 ° C without access of light. Before implementation, they were crushed on a disintegrator to 0.5 mm particles. The powder was packaged in plastic bags.

Example 2

The biological activity of the Hitax complex was investigated in experiments on canaries. After two weeks of adding the Hitax complex powder to soft food in an amount of 2 g per 1 bird, the total body weight of young ten-day canaries of the experimental group (10 individuals) exceeded the total body weight of the control group (10 individuals that were given normal food) by an average of 15% . Moreover, the experimental group showed a marked increase in the intensity of color of the feather cover of the body, an increase in the density of its fit.

The results show that the Hitaks complex has a biological activity similar to that of chitin / chitosan, astaxanthin itself: it improves the digestibility of substances, having a positive effect on the increase in body weight of juvenile canaries, and the color intensity of their plumage.

Recycling of the shell-like waste of shrimp caught in the state preceding molting and reproduction allows one to obtain a valuable natural composition of biologically active substances chitin / chitosan, astaxanthin with a minimum content of calcium carbonate in a simple, non-waste, environmentally friendly way.

Claims (12)

1. The natural composition of biologically active substances from shell-like waste of shrimp, including: chitin / chitosan, fats 10-18% (by weight of dry shell-like substance), proteins, residues of the mineral component of the shell, water, characterized in that the composition is different in qualitative composition ingredients - fats and caratinoid astaxanthin 10-18% and by the quantitative composition of the ingredients: chitin / chitosan 21.4-43% (by weight of dry shell material), proteins 36-42%, residues of the mineral component of the shell 5-10.6%, water 6-8% due to production conditions, overhaul quipment, storing shell-containing raw materials and semifinished product from its processing. 2. The natural composition of biologically active substances according to claim 1, including the use of shell-containing raw materials in the processing of crustaceans obtained in a state of development preceding their molting. 3. The method of oral administration of a natural composition of biologically active substances obtained from shell-containing raw materials of crustaceans obtained in the developmental stage preceding their molting in the volume of doses of a daily food product or food for representatives of vertebrates, including humans. 4. The use of a natural composition of biologically active substances obtained from shell-containing raw materials of crustaceans obtained in the developmental stage, preceding their molting as a food or feed for representatives of vertebrate organisms, including humans, characterized in that they are finely ground carapace-containing substances in which the properties of biologically active components, such as astaxanthin carotenoid, are preserved, due to the correspondence of the conditions for its preparation and storage with physicochemical properties Twam of the specified ingredient. 5. The use of a natural composition of biologically active substances obtained from shell-containing raw materials of crustaceans obtained in the developmental stage preceding their molting for therapy: eye diseases with at least one visual disturbance accompanied by a decrease in severity; inflammatory diseases; bone diseases; injuries connective tissue disorders; gastrointestinal diseases; skin diseases; cardiovascular disease; cancer poisoning with toxic substances and their decay products; obesity thermal burns and burns from high-frequency ionizing radiation; conditions associated with impaired anaerobic respiration in representatives of vertebral organisms, including humans. 6. The use of a natural composition of biologically active substances obtained from the shell-containing raw materials of crustaceans obtained in the developmental stage preceding their molting as an active component of a therapeutic agent for treating at least one disease according to claim 5 for representatives of vertebrates, including number and person. 7. The use of a natural composition of biologically active substances obtained from shell-containing raw materials of crustaceans obtained in the developmental stage preceding their molting during the detoxification of infected objects of a gas, liquid, solid (friable) aggregate state. 8. The use of a natural composition of biologically active substances obtained from shell-containing raw materials of crustaceans obtained in the developmental stage preceding their molting as a substance that increases soil fertility. 9. The use of a natural composition of biologically active substances obtained from shell-containing raw materials of crustaceans obtained in the developmental stage preceding their molting as a raw material for producing chitin / chitosan substances. 10. The use of a natural composition of biologically active substances obtained from the shell-containing raw materials of crustaceans obtained in the developmental stage preceding their molting as raw materials for the production of carotenoids, including astaxanthin. 11. A method of obtaining a natural composition of biologically active substances, comprising: a mass of shell-like waste is dried in a rotary cylindrical dryer heated by hot steam or gases, the semi-finished product is grinded, characterized in that they use natural raw materials in the form of crustaceans caught in the development stage that precedes molting, live or demolished (shelf life of not more than 4 hours), in which the cephalothorax from the abdomen is separated in the first 4 hours after the catch, the raw material from the shell-like waste is frozen in a saturated solution of of boiled salt at a temperature of -2 ° C, glazed by immersion for 10 minutes in cold fresh water, stored before processing, observing a temperature of -5 to -20 ° C, quickly defrosted at a processing plant, dried at a temperature not exceeding 100 ° C to the content moisture from 6 to 8%, the semi-finished product is pressed / stored at a temperature not exceeding 20 ° C without access of light, it is ground before sale to particles no more than 0.5 mm, the resulting product - a natural composition of biologically active substances - is sent to the packaging. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the dry semi-finished product is stored without pressing in friable form.