RU2438348C2 - Method for production of protein additive in form of carbamide-bentonitic complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for usage in the field of agricultural industry for meat cattle growing. The proposed method allows to produce a protein feed additive in the form of a carbamide-bentonitic complex for ruminant animals. The carbamide-bentonitic complex is produced by way of combining carbamide with a powdered natural sorbent represented by sodium bentonite in distilled water conditioned to a temperature of 70°C, at a ratio of carbamide - 20%, sodium bentonite powder - 60% and distilled water -20%. The produced protein additive is applied in feedstuffs in an amount of 5% of the dry feedstuff substance.

EFFECT: proposed invention usage allows to reduce toxicity in the paunch of ruminant animals due to extended period of carbamide decay.

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Description

The invention relates to the agricultural industry and can be used to improve the productive qualities of ruminants.

It is known that in the livestock industry there is a question of protein deficiency of diets, one of the ways to solve which is to use urea as part of animal feed.

However, its use is limited due to the high probability of poisoning.

One way to prepare the introduction of urea (in the form of a solution using distilled water) in the diet is to combine it with a natural sorbent (sodium bentonite), which ensures a complete combination of the components. The latter factor is of no small importance in the process of longing the release of ammonia in the rumen from the complex.

Bentonite clays are a kind of regulators of digestion in ruminants, as they have unique adsorption, ion exchange, molecular sieve, catalytic properties.

There is a way to reduce the negative impact of urea - extruding it (20-25%) with crops. In this case, urea melts and is firmly bonded to grain starch, which ensures a slow release of ammonia from the extrudate in the ruminant rumen [1].

However, in single-screw extruders, granular urea with crushed grain is not sufficiently mixed, which ultimately determines a significantly high degree of cleavage of the nitrogenous part of the extrudate and does not exclude the risk of animal poisoning [2].

There is a method for hydrothermal processing of compound feeds in an expander with an annular gap at a temperature of 130 ° C and a humidity of 18%. The expander works as an extruder on the principle of high temperature - short time. The processed product is freed from pathogenic bacteria and anti-nutritional substances, its nutritional properties are improved, and the proportion of protected protein and starch is increased [3].

However, this processing method does not provide for an increase in protein content.

One way to use urea in ruminant diets is to include chopped and extruded rye and sorghum grains, which are moistened with a urea solution before extrusion. Extrusion is carried out at a humidity of 19-22%, a temperature of 130-140 ° C, a pressure of 3.5-4.0 MPa.

However, this method does not have wide application due to the lack of technical equipment of farms with extruders, as well as energy costs of production [4].

The closest in technical essence is the invention "Controlled release of products based on urea RU 2000108768, 05/05/2000" [5].

The purpose of the invention is the reduction of toxicity by prolonging the decomposition of urea in the rumen of ruminants.

Examples of specific performance

Example No. 1. The goal is achieved by mixing a natural sorbent with a urea solution, followed by determining the degree of prolongation (Table 1), digestibility of dry matter and protein breakdown (Table 2) in vitro in KPL 01 Artificial Scar (GDR - 43 Quedlinburg, Klara-Zetkin-Strasse , 1, telex: 048520, tel. Quedlinburg 4101, manufacturer and supplier: People's Enterprise Zuht und Ferzuhsfeldmekhanizing), as modified by Levakhin G.I. and Meshcheryakova A.G. (1999), as well as digestibility of dry matter and protein breakdown in vitro (Table 2).

When 100 g of urea (GOST 2081-92) is dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water, the resulting solution takes 180 ml, respectively, the nitrogen content is 36.8%. Urea was dissolved in distilled water, brought to a temperature of 70 ° C, to completely dissolve it. Distilled water has a depleted mineral composition, which has a positive effect on reducing the level of influence on the sorption capacity of bentonite, since ordinary water in its composition has a huge amount of active ions of substances, such as chlorine ions, which actively enter into chemical bonds with aluminum or silicon, which are the basis crystalline structure of sodium bentonite.

Theoretically, 100 g of bentonite (TU 39-01-302-77) can adsorb 44.0 g of a urea solution with a nitrogen content of 36.8%, i.e. 16.2 g or in terms of protein 101 g of crude protein (42 g of digestible).

As a result of the experiment, we found that 100.9 ml of bentonite absorb 84.9 g of a urea solution.

To determine the rate of nitrogen release, the bentonite impregnated with a urea solution was placed in distilled water in a ratio of 1: 1 and the nitrogen content and the pH of the resulting suspension were determined with an interval of 0.5, 1, and 2 hours. The nitrogen content in the solution is 36.9%.

Table 1 The degree of prolongation Exposure time, h pH Nitrogen, g 0 5.65 31.37 0.5 7.85 25.41 one 7.90 18.87 2 7.91 15.43

It has been established that over time, the decomposition of urea in the urea-bentonite complex in the rumen of ruminants takes place. So, after half an hour, 6.0 was released from the complex, after 12 hours - 12.5, and after 2 hours - 16.0 g of nitrogen, which indicates the prolongation of the release of ammonia into the scar fluid.

table 2 Dry digestibility and in vitro protein breakdown Indicator Protein breakdown,% Digestibility of dry matter,% Crushed Barley 79.12 61.50 Urea (2%) + barley (98%) 90.65 64,20 Bentonite (2%) + Barley (98%) 80.51 58.27 Bentonite (3%) + urea (2%) + barley (95%) 86.51 64.60 Bentonite (3%) + urea (3%) + barley (94%) 88.31 66.21 Bentonite (4%) + carbamide (3%) + barley (93%) 89.17 68.10

According to the results of the data obtained, it can be said that the optimal ratio of urea and sodium bentonite in the composition of the complex from dry matter of compound feed is, respectively, 2 and 3%.

The inclusion of a urea-bentonite complex in the composition of the feed evened out the protein content, which eliminated expensive meal and cake from the feed composition.

Example No. 2. The experiment was conducted in the experimental farm “Experimental” of the Orenburg region, Orenburg region in three groups of 10 bulls of Hereford breed each. From each group, a fistula of the scar was established for one animal according to the method of A.A. Aliev. The animals of the control group in the diet received factory feed K-68-2-89, in the experimental groups they used mixed feeds of their own production, in which, in order to ensure protein balance, they used sunflower meal or urea-bentonite complex (Table 3). Due to what, the content of concentrated feed was reduced.

Table 3 Experience outline Group Number of animals, goal. Age of statement on experience, months The duration of the period, days Preparatory 30 Main 163 Nature of feeding control 10 10 OR - hay, silo, factory feed OR I 10 10 OR hay, silo, experimental compound feed No. 1 II 10 10 OR hay, silo, experimental compound feed No. 2

In order to study the effect of feed produced in-house on digestion, studies were conducted on gobies with rumen fistulas (Table 4).

Table 4 Bull calf digestion rates Indicators Group the control 1 experienced 2 experienced Acidity, pH: before feeding 6.69 ± 2.62 6.84 ± 2.10 6.75 ± 2.31 3 hours after 6.31 ± 2.54 6.34 ± 3.22 6.58 ± 1.5 Concentration of VFA, mol / ml: before feeding 8.54 ± 2.31 9.04 ± 3.14 8.26 ± 2.21 3 hours after 9.43 ± 0.30 10.76 ± 0.31 * 11.01 ± 0.32 * The total number of ciliates, thousand / ml: before feeding 418.0 ± 6.92 442.0 ± 3.78 * 464.0 ± 4.62 ** 3 hours after 352.0 ± 6.93 388.0 ± 5.29 *** 439.0 ± 7.82 *** Ammonia, mg / 100 ml: before feeding 7.62 ± 1.17 6.12 ± 0.67 7.34 ± 0.42 3 hours after 20.12 ± 1.29 19.98 ± 0: 32 17.14 ± 0.52 Note: * P> 0.95; ** P> 0.99; *** P> 0.099.

Animals of the experimental group three hours after feeding exceeded the analogues from the control and experimental group I by 16.7 and 2.3% in VFA concentration, by 24.7 and 13.1% in the number of ciliates, and inferior in ammonia concentration by 14.8 and 14.2%, respectively.

We found the effect of introducing experimental compound feeds into the diets of gobies on the concentration of hydrogen ions in the liquid part of the rumen contents. 3 hours after feeding in the II experimental group recorded the highest concentration of hydrogen ions, exceeding the control values by 4.3%. The difference in this indicator in the control and experimental groups I was insignificant and amounted to 0.5%. Most likely this happened due to the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia. As a result of these changes in the rumen of animals, an environment is formed that is more favorable for the growth and development of microorganisms.

An increase in the total number of ciliates in the gobies of the experimental groups, especially in the II experimental group, who received a carbamide-bentonite additive, suggests that microflora and microfauna are activated in their rumen, which increased the depth of nutrient conversion in it. This confirms the prolonged action of bentonite. If at the beginning it adsorbed ammonia of urea and rapidly disintegrating feed protein, then 3-4 hours after feeding it gradually began to be given to microorganisms, thereby ensuring maximum conversion of non-protein nitrogen to protein.

The research results showed that the introduction of the experimental group of the urea-bentonite complex into compound feed II contributed to an increase in nitrogen deposition in the body (Table 5).

Gobies of the II experimental group exceeded peers from the control and I experimental groups in terms of nitrogen deposition in the body by 26.8 and 1.0%, in terms of its utilization from the overcooked - by 3.6 and 2.0%, respectively.

Table 5 The use of nitrogen rations of calves, g / goal / day Indicators Group the control I experienced II experienced total accepted 142.90 ± 1.21 144.31 ± 0.89 149.97 ± 0.51 allotted 119.08 ± 0.93 117.96 ± 0.82 119.77 ± 0.42 overcooked 88.67 ± 0.67 93.87 ± 1.33 * 99.17 ± 0.35 *** delayed nitrogen in the body, g. 23.82 ± 0.29 29.97 ± 3.54 30.20 ± 0.34 ** set aside nitrogen per 100 kg, 7.16 ± 0.05 7.89 ± 0.05 *** 8.96 ± 0.08 *** utilization of nitrogen,% of the adopted 16.67 ± 0.08 18.26 ± 0.08 *** 20.14 ± 0.07 *** from overcooked 26.86 ± 0.13 28.08 ± 0.29 * 30.45 ± 0.22 ** Note: * P> 0.95; ** P> 0.99; *** P> 0.099.

Feeding compound feeds balanced for protein with a carbamide-bentonite complex prepared according to the new method had a positive effect on the growth rate of animals (Table 6).

So, the superiority of the II experimental group over the peers of the control and I experimental groups in the average daily growth amounted to 2.5-5.3%, in absolute growth - by 2.5-5.4%.

Table 6 Live weight dynamics Indicator Group Control I experienced II experienced Live weight in 10 months., Kg 251.4 ± 1.4 252.1 ± 1.6 250.0 ± 1.2 in 13 months, kg 334.6 ± 1.5 337.0 ± 1.7 337.2 ± 1.3 in 15 months, kg 389.0 ± 1.6 393.6 ± 1.8 395.0 ± 1.4 * The average daily gain for the period of the experiment, g 854.8 ± 11.5 878.4 ± 11.7 900.4 ± 10.8 * Absolute gain per experience, kg 137.6 ± 2.0 141.4 ± 2.1 145.0 ± 1.7 * Note: * P> 0.95.

Calculations showed that the introduction of the urea-bentonite complex into the feed composition is economically more profitable. This allows for a more rational use of feed and material resources per unit of production to increase the profitability of beef production by 2.5-5.4%, compared with animals of the experimental and control groups, respectively.

Thus, the combination of urea with a powdered natural sorbent sodium bentonite in an aqueous solution, characterized in that the product is prepared in distilled water in the ratio of urea 20%, sodium bentonite powder 60% and distilled water 20% at a temperature of at least 70 ° C, and inputting the obtained product into the feed in the amount of 5% of the dry matter of the feed. The introduction of the urea-bentonite complex as a protein supplement contributed to the maximum use of the genetic potential of animals, which led to an increase in productivity.

Information sources

1. US patent No. 3642489, cl. 99-2, 1972.

2. Sokolov A.Ya. Presses of food and feed production. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1973. - 283 p.

Claims (1)

A method of obtaining a protein supplement for ruminants in the form of a urea-bentonite complex, characterized in that the urea-bentonite complex is obtained by combining urea with a powdered natural sorbent sodium bentonite in distilled water, brought to a temperature of 70 ° C, in a ratio of urea 20%, bentonite powder sodium 60% and distilled water 20%, while the resulting protein supplement is used in animal feed in the amount of 5% of the dry matter of the animal feed.