RU2435895C1 - Method of rail attachment to sleeper - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction. ^ SUBSTANCE: double-flanged pad 7 is installed onto a sleeper 6, and a pad 13 and a rail 12 are laid in a slot 8 in series. One end of a terminal 11 is inserted into holes 10 of the pad, and the other end is laid onto the rail. A pad 14 is put onto an anchor 5, and a threaded element 1 is started on the anchor. The rail position is adjusted in a transverse direction, moving it together with the pad 7, and they start screwing the threaded element with a spring 3 fixed on its surface 2. After the end 4 of the spring touches the surface of the pad 14 and enters a hole 15, fixation is transferred to this end of the spring, as well as the pad 14 (due to immobility of the spring end in the hole), and simultaneously fixation on the threaded element is interrupted by its continued screwing onto the anchor. After the threaded element 1 screwing is ended, the interrupted fixation is recommenced, by stopping rotation, at the same time spring turns are compressed, providing for tightness - the rail is fixed. ^ EFFECT: increased reliability of fixation, simplified rail adjustment along height and in transverse position. ^ 8 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the design of the upper structure of the railway track, in particular to devices for attaching rails to sleepers.

There is a method of fastening the rail to the railroad tie, including mounting on a rail base of the rail, introducing metal inserts between the anchors and the edges of the rail sole in combination with adjustment plates, laying spring terminals, inserting terminal bolts into the anchors and tightening the nuts to a normalized torque [1].

The disadvantages of this method are:

- the complexity and relatively high intensity of the structure that implements the method;

- the complexity of adjusting the rail in the transverse direction;

- insufficient reliability of fastening, due to the possibility of unscrewing the nut under vibration and pulsating loads;

- the complexity of the mechanization of installation associated with the presence of T-shaped terminal bolts that must be inserted and held from the bottom when starting to screw the nut.

The prototype is a method of fastening the rail to the railroad tie, including installing the rail on a two-flange lining, introducing one end of the terminal into the last one, carrying out the elastic deformation of the latter by moving the threaded element and pressing due to the elastic force of the rail terminal [2].

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

- weakening of the threaded connection under vibrational and pulsating loads, which reduces safety and requires an increase in operating costs. In addition, the lateral oscillations of the rail perceived by the fastener are transmitted directly to the threaded threads, as a result of which damage to the thread may occur and the complexity of dismantling may increase;

- the complexity of adjusting the rail in the transverse direction.

The objective of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages, namely improving safety and reducing costs during operation of the track.

The problem is solved in that in the method of fastening the rail to the sleeper, including installing the rail on a two-flange lining, introducing one end of the terminal into the last one, conducting elastic deformation of the latter by moving the threaded element and pressing due to the elastic force of the rail terminal, the threaded element is supplied with a spring and fix it on it, on the rail impose the other end of the terminal, the deformation of which is carried out by moving the threaded element along the anchor, previously fixed in the sleeper, while fixing dissolved terminal end of the spring relative to it and produce the transfer fixing with simultaneous loss on a threaded fixation element, and resume discontinued by fixation displacement termination.

After fixing the rail, the place where the terminal end is applied to the rail is marked. Marking is carried out at a site spaced from the end of the terminal at a distance of its possible movement along the rail during operation. Part of the end of the terminal in contact with the rail is made with a groove. The magnitude of the clamp rail to the lining is determined by recording the efforts to separate the end of the terminal from the rail. The moment of separation of the terminal end from the rail is determined visually. The moment of separation of the end of the terminal from the rail is determined by changing the electrical resistance between the terminal and the rail. The effort to separate the end of the terminal from the rail is recorded simultaneously on both sides of the rail.

These distinctive features allow you to achieve the following advantages compared with the prototype.

The application of the other end of the terminal to the rail and its deformation by moving the threaded element along the anchor, previously fixed in the sleeper, allows, firstly, to simplify the design, since due to the elastic force of the terminal, two functions are simultaneously performed - holding the double-rib lining on the sleeper and pressing to her rail. Secondly, lateral and vertical oscillations of the rail (when exposed to a load) are directly perceived and amortized by the terminal, which reduces the effect of the load on the anchor. Thirdly, it is easier to adjust the position of the rail in height and in the transverse direction. To do this, it is enough to loosen the threaded fastener by removing the deformation from the terminal and move the lining together with the rail during lateral adjustment or change the thickness of the adjusting plate during vertical adjustment, after which it is necessary to tighten the fastener. All this increases the reliability and, therefore, safety, and also reduces the cost of operating the track.

The supply of the threaded element with a spring and its fixing on it, fixing during the movement of the end of the spring relative to the terminal, to which the fixation is transferred while stopping the fixation on the threaded element, and the resumption of the stopped fixation at the end of the movement allow to achieve the following advantages.

Fixing the spring on the threaded element before screwing it onto the anchor helps to reduce the clamping time of the terminal against the rail, since the threaded element, which is already an assembly, is screwed together with the spring, and the installation of the latter does not require additional time.

The implementation in the process of screwing the transfer of fixation to the end of the spring with the simultaneous termination of it on the threaded element allows to save the time of clamping the rail, since no additional time is spent on fixing the specified end. At the same time, the simultaneous termination of fixation on the threaded element makes it possible to continue screwing it onto the anchor without any stop, which simplifies the process of mechanization of rail fastening and reduces operating costs.

The resumption of the stopped fixation at the end of screwing also saves the rail fastening time, since this fixation creates a moment that prevents unscrewing during the time period spent screwing the threaded element. When exposed to vibration or dynamic loads, the threaded element will not be able to turn away, since turning it in the opposite direction causes a multiple increase in the friction force between the cylindrical surface of the element and the turns, due to the tightening of the latter.

All this increases safety and reduces the cost of operating the track.

Marking, for example with paint, the place where the end of the terminal is applied to the rail after fixing the rail allows you to quickly visually assess the condition of the rail fastening elements. In normal operation, the end of the terminal moves (rubs) along the rail (when it vibrates under load) in a certain small area where paint is erased. Upon exiting normal operation, for example, when the sleepers are sagging, the abrasion area will increase and shift to another place, which will be fixed by the paint applied to the rail.

Marking, for example by applying a strip spaced from the end of the terminal at a distance of its possible movement along the rail during operation, simplifies the monitoring of the state of the rail fastening elements. The presence of a strip indicates the normal operation of the mount. This simplifies automatic control (for example, using technical vision), which allows you to examine a large length of the track in a short period of time, which increases the safety of the operation of the track.

The implementation of the part of the end of the terminal in contact with the rail, with the groove makes it possible to use the hook to measure, if necessary, the pressure of the rail against the lining, which reduces the monitoring time and reduces operating costs. In addition, the conditions for marking control are improved (the inspection area becomes more open), which helps to better assess the position of the mark relative to the end of the terminal, which reduces the monitoring time.

Determination of the pressure of the rail to the lining by registering the effort to separate the end of the terminal from the rail allows a simple device to measure the force of the rail to the lining, which reduces operating costs.

Visual determination of the moment of separation of the terminal end from the rail allows you to perform this procedure without any devices, which reduces operating costs.

Determining the moment of separation of the end of the terminal from the rail by changing the electrical resistance between the terminal and the rail makes it possible to automate the process of recording the clamping force of the rail, which reduces operating costs in the event of a large number of measurements and the maintenance of relevant documentation.

Simultaneous recording of the separation force from the rail of the terminal end on both sides allows measurement with a simple device, which reduces operating costs.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a threaded element.

Figure 2 shows the device for fastening the rail to the sleepers at the time of installation.

Figure 3 shows a view A of the device for fastening the rail to the railroad tie.

Figure 4 shows the device for fastening the rail to the sleepers after installation.

Figure 5 shows an embodiment of the terminal end.

Figure 6 shows a variant of marking the place of application on the rail end of the terminal.

7 shows a diagram of the measurement of the force of the clamp rail to the lining.

The device comprises a threaded element 1 having a cylindrical surface 2, on which a spring 3 with a bent end 4 is fixed with an interference fit. The threaded element is threadedly connected to an anchor 5 fixed in a sleeper 6, on which a double-rib lining 7 is mounted with a groove 8 and holes 9, 10. In the holes 10 there is one end of the terminal 11, the other end of which is superimposed on the rail 12, installed in the groove on the gasket 13. The terminal through the plate 14, which has a hole 15 for inputting the end of the spring, interacts with the thread th element and may have a groove 16, in contact with hook 17, connected through a rope 18 to a block 19 mounted for rotation on the axis 20 of the plug 21. On the rail may be applied paint strip 22.

The method is implemented as follows.

Install the double flange lining 7 on the rail 6 so that the anchor 5 passes through the hole 9. Subsequently, the gasket 13 and the rail 12 are laid in the groove 8, insert one end of the terminal 11 into the holes 10 of the lining, and put the other end on the rail. Put on the anchor plate 14 so that it covers on both sides of the terminal, and baits the threaded element 1 on the anchor (Fig. 1, 2, 3). Similar operations with the terminal, plate and threaded element are done on the other side of the rail. If necessary, adjust the position of the rail in the transverse direction, shifting it at the same time with the lining 7, and begin to screw the threaded element (on both sides of the rail). After the end 4 touches the surface of the lining 14 and enters the hole 15, the fixation is transferred to this end of the spring and the lining 14 (due to the immobility of the end of the spring in the hole) and at the same time stop fixing on the threaded element by continuing to screw on the anchor. Fixation during screwing is terminated because the end of the spring fixed in the groove remains stationary, and the coil of the spring is unfolded due to the interference, increasing the internal diameter of the spring. As a result of this, the tightness loosens, and the threaded element slides in the spring, continuing to turn on the anchor 5.

After the screwing of the threaded element 1 is completed, the stopped fixation is resumed by stopping the rotation, while the spring coils are compressed, providing an interference fit - the rail is fixed (Fig. 4).

For subsequent monitoring of the state of the fastening elements, a strip of paint 22 is applied to the rail in a section spaced from the end of the terminal at a distance of its possible movement along the rail during operation, or the place where the end of the terminal is applied to the rail is marked (Fig. 6). In addition, a terminal is used for fastening, a part of the end of which is made with a groove 16 (Fig. 5).

If necessary, the value of the clamp of the rail to the lining is determined by registering the effort to separate the end of the terminal from the rail, for which, by means of the hooks 17, brought into the groove 16, and the rope 18 thrown through the block 19, the latter is lifted by applying force F to the fork 21 (Fig. 7 ) In this case, visually or by changing the magnitude of the electrical resistance (between the terminal and the rail), the moment of separation of the end of the terminal from the rail is determined. The separation force (rail clamp) will be equal to half the value of F recorded at the time of separation. It should be noted that due to the variation in the parameters, the separation forces on both sides of the rail are almost always different, therefore, first the separation (and registration) of the end will occur with a lower clamping force. Subsequent lifting of the block will lead to the raising of the terminal 11 over the rail and to an increase in its elastic deformation, while the block 19 will rotate on the axis 20 until the terminal end is separated on the other side, which is also recorded.

The dismantling of the fasteners is carried out in the reverse order, having previously removed the fixation of the end of the spring by removing it from the hole 15. Then, the threaded element is partially unscrewed to adjust the position of the rail or completely unscrew it and the fasteners are disassembled.

Note that to simplify the removal of the fixation of the end of the spring instead of the hole on the plate 14, protrusions can be formed between which the end of the spring is fixed, which in this case can be bent. When dismantling, this end is removed due to the protrusion, thereby stopping its fixation.

The implementation of the invention will allow you to create a simple in design, cheap and easy to use device designed for attaching rails to reinforced concrete, polymer concrete or composite rail tracks on the main railway lines, able to withstand vibration and pulsating loads.

Information sources

1. Pat. RF 2267569, IPC E01B, 9/00, 2006 - analogue.

2. Pat. RF 2128747, IPC E01B, 9/38, 1999 - prototype.

Claims (8)

1. The method of fastening the rail to the sleeper, including installing the rail on a double-flange lining, introducing one end of the terminal into the last, conducting elastic deformation of the latter by moving the threaded element and pressing due to the elastic force of the rail terminal, characterized in that the threaded element is provided with a spring and fix it on it, on the rail impose the other end of the terminal, the deformation of which is carried out by moving the threaded element along the anchor, previously fixed in the sleeper, while in the process of moving fix spring onets relatively terminals and produce on it a transfer fixation simultaneous loss on a threaded fixation element, and resume discontinued by fixation displacement termination. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after fixing the rail, the place for applying the end of the terminal to the rail is marked. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the marking is carried out in the area spaced from the end of the terminal at a distance of its possible movement along the rail during operation. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a part of the end of the terminal in contact with the rail is performed with a groove. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount of pressure of the rail to the lining is determined by registering the efforts to separate the end of the terminal from the rail. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the moment of separation of the end of the terminal from the rail is determined visually. 7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the moment of separation of the end of the terminal from the rail is determined by changing the magnitude of the electrical resistance between the terminal and the rail. 8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the registration efforts of the separation of the end of the terminal from the rail is carried out simultaneously on both sides of the rail.

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