RU2435835C1 - Plant for complex processing of vegetable stock - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wood working industry. ^ SUBSTANCE: plant in the upper part of a distillation chamber additionally comprises a nozzle with an outgoing upper steam distributor made in the form of a horizontal pipe arranged along the perimetre of the chamber with holes, through which the stock is treated with steam. The nozzle from the outside is connected to a steam line outgoing from the boiler. In the chamber cover there is a nozzle for additional feeding of stock after shrinkage without chamber unsealing, which eliminates losses of essence oil due to volatilisation. The chamber is heat-insulated. ^ EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase productivity, yield and quality of essence oil. ^ 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for the chemical industry and can be used to organize small enterprises for processing the mass of any essential oil-and-oil raw materials, primarily for distilling essential oils from coniferous woody greens and bark.

A known installation for processing fir wood greens, including a steam boiler with a built-in tank for concentrating bottoms condensate, a loading tank, a cooler-condenser and Florentine. The cold water used for cooling is heated in the condenser of the steam-oil flow and is used to power the boiler (patent RU 2135556 C1, IPC C11B 9/02, publ. 28.08.99).

The disadvantage of this installation is the low productivity of the production of essential oil and discharge into the sewer of Florentine water.

A known plant for processing vegetable raw materials containing a boiler, a container for accommodating vegetable raw materials, a cooler, the outlet of which is connected to the boiler by a pipeline for supplying it with hot water. The container for plant materials has a common wall with the boiler, inside which there is a furnace, the chimney of which is located in the steam heater. The boiler is connected by a pipeline to a steam distributor, which consists of equally spaced steam conducting rods with openings equally spaced along the length of the container located on the cassettes of which vegetable raw materials are loaded (RU 2221843 C1, IPC С11В 9/00, C11B 9/02, publ. 01.20.04) .

A disadvantage of the known device is the low oil yield, the development of a single marketable product and poor environmental friendliness due to the discharge of bottoms condensate and Florentine water into the water bodies.

Known pilot plant for processing vegetable raw materials, taken as a prototype of the invention, containing a distillation chamber for vegetable raw materials, having in its upper part a pipe connected to a steam pipe coming from the boiler, through which steam is supplied for shrinkage of the raw material loaded into the chamber. The boiler is also connected to a steam distributor at the bottom of the chamber, made in the form of equidistant steam conducting rods having along the entire length of the hole for steam processing of raw materials placed on cassettes inside the chamber. There is a container in the boiler for concentrating bottoms condensate. The boiler is fed with Florentine water with dissolved essential oil and heated water supplied from the cooling system (RU 2278155 C1, IPC C11B 9/02, publ. 20.06.06).

The disadvantage of this device is the volatilization of the essential oil during reloading into the chamber of raw materials after shrinkage, uneven processing of raw materials in the entire volume of the chamber, low thermal insulation of the distillation chamber during the distillation process.

The invention solves the problem of reducing the duration of distillation of essential oil, increasing its yield, quality and reducing losses, reducing fuel consumption and improving the environmental situation around the installation.

The technical result consists in increasing the productivity of the installation by increasing the yield, quality and eliminating the loss of oil due to its volatilization during reloading of raw materials, the uniformity of steam treatment in the entire volume of the chamber, as well as reducing fuel consumption due to the thermal insulation of the chamber.

The specified technical result is achieved as a result of the fact that in the installation for the complex processing of plant materials, containing a distillation chamber for plant materials, having a common wall with a boiler with a container for concentrating bottoms condensate placed therein, and a furnace installed inside the tube, the pipe of which is located in the steam heater; the boiler is connected to a steam distributor, made in the form of equidistant steam conducting rods with holes evenly spaced along the entire length, installed in a distillation chamber containing cassettes for planting raw materials, and a pipe located in the upper part; cooling systems and containers with florentine water, connected to the boiler by a pipeline for supplying hot water containing dissolved essential oil, according to the invention, the installation further comprises a pipe in the lid of the distillation chamber for additional charge of raw materials after shrinkage and a pipe in the upper part of the chamber connected to a steam pipe leaving from the boiler, while in the chamber the pipe is connected to a steam distributor located in its upper part, made in the form of a horizontal pipe located along the perimeter of the chamber with Erste steam. The chamber for thermal insulation is sheathed with insulating material.

Improving the performance, yield and quality of essential oil is achieved by eliminating its loss due to volatilization due to additional loading of raw materials after shrinkage without depressurization of the chamber, reducing oil stay in the working area and improving the processing of raw materials with steam due to its additional supply through the upper steam distributor. Fuel consumption is reduced due to a reduction in heat loss due to the thermal insulation of the chamber due to its sheathing with insulating material.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of an installation for the integrated processing of plant materials; figure 2 - the cover of the distillation chamber.

The plant for the complex processing of plant raw materials consists of a boiler 1 with a built-in and washed from all sides firebox 2 and a capacity of 3 with a stirrer for concentrating bottoms condensate. The furnace tube 4 is located in the steam heater 5, which is connected by a steam line 6 to a steam distributor 7 in the lower part of the distillation chamber 8, with steam conducting rods 9 located in it with openings along the entire length for supplying steam. At the bottom of the distillation chamber 8 there is an opening 10 for the discharge of bottoms condensate. Thanks to shrinkage, the cassettes 11, loaded with the plant material, descend along the rods, as the guides. The steam comes from the holes of the upper steam distributor 12, connected by a pipe 13 and a steam pipe 6 to the boiler 1. A pipe 14 is made in the lid of the distillation chamber 8 for additional loading of the raw material after it connection with the processing of loaded raw materials with steam (figure 2).

In the upper part of the chamber 8 there is a pipe 15 with a pipe 16, through which the steam-oil mixture from the distillation chamber 8 is sent to the refrigerator 17, cooled by cold water.

In the refrigerator 17, the vapors condense and the condensate enters the Florentine 18, where it is separated into essential oil and water. From Florentine 18, the essential oil flows into the oil pan 19, and the Florentine water flows into the tank 20. This tank 20 and the outlet from the refrigerator 17 are connected via a metering valve 21 to the boiler 1, so that the boiler 1 is fed with hot and essential oil containing water.

Installation works as follows. The crushed vegetable raw materials with the help of a blower are alternately stacked on the cassettes 11. Upon filling the distillation chamber 8 with raw materials, it is closed with a lid and the raw materials are steamed through the upper steam distributor 12. The steam generated in the boiler 1 during fuel combustion in the furnace 2 and additionally heated in the steam heater 5 enters the upper steam distributor 12 through the nozzle 13 in the upper part of the distillation chamber 8 and the steam line 6. The raw materials loaded into the distillation chamber 8 are carried out through openings in the upper steam distributor 12, in connection with which the compaction of the working mass is achieved. It is ensured by the free movement of the cassettes 11 along the steam conducting rods 9. The shrinkage of the raw material is carried out under the action of steam coming from the openings of the upper steam distributor 12, connected by a pipe 13 and a steam pipe 6 to the boiler 1. As the shrinkage takes place, the distillation chamber 8 is loaded with raw materials. The reloading of raw materials after shrinkage is carried out through the pipe 14 in the lid of the distillation chamber 8 by means of a blower, which allows it to be carried out without depressurization.

The steam-oil mixture falling into this pipe 14 is adsorbed by the raw material entering the chamber and returned. At the end of the reloading, the raw material supply pipe 14 is closed and the raw material is treated with steam entering both the upper steam distributor 12 and the lower steam distributor 7, thereby achieving uniform processing throughout the entire volume of the distillation chamber 8. Uniform processing of the entire mass of raw materials reduces the residence time of essential oil in the working zone, reduces the course of oxidative and polycondensation transformations of terpenoids, which shortens the duration of distillation and increases the yield and quality of the oil.

Steam, trapping oil from the surface of the particles, passes through a pipe 15 to a cooling system 17 through a pipe 16, in which the steam-oil mixture condenses and the condensate formed flows into Florentine 18, where it is separated into essential oil and Florentine water. The oil flows into the oil pan 19, the Florentine water flows into the tank 20. This water with the essential oil dissolved in it, as well as the hot water leaving the refrigerator 17, are supplied through the pipe 21 to power the boiler 1, providing oil return and reducing fuel consumption for vaporization .

The bottoms condensate flowing down from the bottom of the distillation chamber 8 is taken out through the opening 10, filtered and transferred to a container 3 for concentrating the condensate located in the boiler, from which an extract is formed upon evaporation of water. For example, in the processing of woody greens of Siberian fir, a fir extract is obtained that is effectively used for wellness baths and as a feed additive for animals.

Cladding the distillation chamber with insulating material, such as boards, reduces fuel consumption and makes installation maintenance more beneficial.

Claims (1)

Installation for the integrated processing of plant materials, containing a distillation chamber for plant materials, having a common wall with a boiler with a container for concentrating bottoms condensate placed therein and a furnace installed inside, the pipe of which is located in the steam heater; the boiler is connected to a steam distributor, made in the form of equidistant steam conducting rods with holes evenly spaced along the entire length, installed in a distillation chamber containing cartridges for laying vegetable raw materials, and located in the upper part of the pipe, a cooling system and a tank with Florentine water, connected to the boiler by a pipeline for supplying it with hot water containing dissolved essential oil, characterized in that the installation further comprises a nozzle for being in the lid of the distillation chamber I reloading the raw materials after shrinkage and a pipe in the upper part of the chamber, connected to the steam line leaving the boiler, while in the chamber the pipe is connected to the steam distributor located in its upper part, made in the form of a horizontal pipe located along the perimeter with openings for steam, and the chamber is thermally insulated.

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