RU2432719C1 - Electromagnet process reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity. ^ SUBSTANCE: electromagnet process reactor comprises a reaction chamber, having a bottom, side walls and a cover, devices for input of processed materials and output of products after processing, rod electrodes arranged at identical distance from the longitudinal axis, an electromagnet in the form of a closed yoke covering the reaction chamber with three symmetrical pole tips, where there are series windings with the possibility to develop a transverse magnetic field and with current passing through them. Additionally installed rod electrode is arranged in the chamber centre with the possibility of its displacement - lifting and lowering, and rod electrodes of the reactor installed at the angle of 5-7 relative to the longitudinal axis of the reaction chamber, which provide for adjustment of notch heating temperature and melt flow leaking from the notch. ^ EFFECT: increased reliability of reactor operation and improved quality of produced goods. ^ 5 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electrothermal and can be used for melting mineral components and conducting chemical reactions in condensed form, in particular for melting ash and slag of thermal power plants, cullet and basalt rocks to obtain heat-insulating materials from them.

Known electromagnetic technological reactor, including a reaction chamber having a bottom, side walls and a lid, input devices of processed materials and output of processed products, three rod electrodes placed in the reaction chamber, and an electromagnet made in the form of a closed yoke enclosing the reaction chamber with three symmetrical pole lugs on which the serial windings of the transverse magnetic field are located, one terminal of each of which is connected to the corresponding electrode, and the other to with a power source (patent RU No. 2225685, IPC Н05В 7/22, publ. 03/10/2004. Bull. No. 7).

The disadvantages of the known reactor include: the absence of a second DC power source does not allow melt and tap hole to be stable for the melt stream to flow out, to achieve a certain fluidity and to improve the quality of fibrous insulation materials; the location of the main electrodes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the reactor causes their uneven wear in the magnetic field and eliminates the possibility of supplying the electrodes as they wear.

The closest technical solution to the claimed invention is an electromagnetic technological reactor containing a reaction chamber having a bottom, side walls and a lid, input devices of processed materials and output of processed products, rod electrodes placed in the reaction chamber, and an electromagnet made in the form of covering the reaction chamber closed yoke with three symmetrical pole tips, on which series windings are located with the possibility of the formation of a transverse magnet deleterious field and flowing electric current therethrough, one end of each of which is connected to a respective electrode, and the other - the power supply. The rod electrodes are installed in the reaction chamber parallel to its longitudinal axis at the same distance from it and at an angle of 120 ° to each other, and the power source is a three-phase regulated thyristor power source operating in the current source mode. The reactor also includes a neutral electrode mounted along the axis of the reaction chamber and introduced from below through the opening of the device for outputting processed products, which is placed above the bottom of the reaction chamber and can be made in the side wall of the chamber (patent KZ No. 13473, IPC Н05В 7/18, publ. September 15, 2003 Bull. No. 9).

The disadvantages of the known reactor include: the location of the electrodes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the reactor causes their uneven wear; the installation of bulky electrode feeding mechanisms on the cover does not allow the installation of an additional electrode; The installed additional neutral electrode is not actually an electrode, but acts as a rod or plug in a device for outputting processed products — releasing the melt from the reactor chamber.

Thus, the objective of the invention is the development of a new design of an electromagnetic technological reactor operating both in continuous and in cyclic modes, allowing to obtain products at maximum productivity and low energy consumption.

The technical result of the invention is improving the reliability of the reactor and improving the quality of the products.

The technical result is achieved in that in an electromagnetic technological reactor containing a reaction chamber having a bottom, side walls and a lid, input devices for processed materials and output of processed products, rod electrodes placed in the reaction chamber at the same distance from its longitudinal axis and at an angle of 120 ° to each other, an electromagnet in the form of a closed yoke enclosing the reaction chamber with three symmetrical pole tips, on which series windings are located with the possibility of the formation of a transverse magnetic field and the electric current flowing through them, one terminal of each winding is connected to each of the electrodes, and the other to a power source operating in the current source mode, according to the invention, the reaction chamber is equipped with an additional mounted rod electrode located in the center and longitudinally its axis, with the possibility of its movement: raising and lowering, and when lowering it closing the holes in the device for outputting the melt and its additional heating, a device for output the melt is installed in the center of the bottom of the reaction chamber and consists of a notch for the withdrawal of the melt installed in the housing, which are inserted into the housing of the water-cooled holder and fixed with a bottom clamp, while the rod electrodes of the reactor are installed at an angle of 5-7 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the reaction chamber, the reactor is additionally equipped with a power source operating in the mode of a direct current source, to which an additionally installed rod electrode is connected.

A device for outputting the melt is placed at the level of the lined bottom of the reaction chamber.

In the reactor, due to a change in the current passing through the melt between the additionally mounted rod electrode and the taphole installed in the opening of the melt output device, it is possible to control the current in the circuit: an additional power source - melt - taphole and control the temperature of the taphole and the melt jet flowing from the taphole , as well as regulating the stable fluidity of the jet of melt from the notch using an additional DC power source.

The housing in which the notch is installed is made of electrode graphite, and the notch itself is made of siliconized dense graphite, while the case and the notch are coated with antifriction refractory composition based on zirconium dioxide.

The bottom of the reaction chamber is equipped with a cross-brick lining installed with an inclination from the side walls of the reactor to the center of the bottom.

The main distinguishing structural elements of the inventive electromagnetic process reactor are:

- equipping the reaction chamber with an additional rod electrode located in the center and longitudinally of its axis, mounted with the possibility of movement: raising and lowering, and when lowering it closing the holes in the device for outputting the melt and its additional heating, which is installed in the bottom of the reaction chamber, provides regulation the temperature of the jet of the flowing melt and stabilizes its fluidity at the exit of the notch; in case of clogging of the fiber blowing device (not shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3) located below the notch and the reaction chamber, to stop the flow of the melt stream from the notch, the additionally mounted rod electrode is lowered to close the opening of the notch; the flow of the melt is carried out by raising an additionally installed rod electrode;

- the installation of rod electrodes at an angle of 5-7 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the reaction chamber provides uniform conical wear of the ends of the electrodes in the melt, which makes it possible to feed the electrodes as they wear over time;

- equipping the reactor with an additional power source operating in the constant current source mode, to which an additionally mounted rod electrode is connected, it is possible to control the current in the circuit: an additional power source - melt - letka and control the temperature of the letka and the melt jet flowing from the letka, and regulating the stable fluidity of the melt jet flowing from the letka, which is important for obtaining high-quality fiber, stable operation of the fiber formation device and the entire techno logical line as a whole;

- installation of a device for outputting the melt in the bottom of the reaction chamber, consisting of a notch for outputting the melt installed in the body, which are inserted into the body of the water-cooled holder and fixed from the bottom with a clamp, provides free flow of the melt jet, a constant diameter and flow rate of the flowing melt jet, as well as an increase service life of the tap hole;

- placement at the level of the lined bottom of the reaction chamber of the device for outputting the melt provides isolation of the bottom of the reactor from contact with the melt of the reduced metal formed on the bottom of the chamber during the melting of basalt or other processed material, thereby eliminating burning of the metal bottom of the reaction chamber of the reactor;

- controlling the temperature of the outflowing melt from the reaction chamber using an additionally installed DC power supply due to a change in the current in the melt passing between the additionally installed rod electrode and the taphole installed in the opening of the melt output device, maintains the required stable temperature of the taphole and the outgoing melt stream, and respectively, the desired viscosity and fluidity of the melt stream flowing from the reaction chamber;

- the housing in which the notch is installed is made of electrode graphite, and the notches are made of coated siliconized dense graphite and the notch and the notch are anti-friction refractory composition based on zirconium dioxide, their installation in the case of a water-cooled holder with the possibility of fixing from the bottom with a clamp allows for complete drainage the melt when the production line stops and the quick change of the notch in case of wear and increase in the diameter of the jet of the flowing melt, and this eliminates the burning of graphite in the lower part of the housing notch; when opening the clamping device, access to the tap hole opens from below, while the tap hole is replaced without destroying the housing in which the tap hole is installed, and a water-cooled clip;

- equipping the bottom of the reaction chamber with a cross-brick lining installed with an inclination from the side walls of the reactor to the center of the bottom of the reaction chamber, makes it possible to remove the reduced metal from the oxides contained in the charge during the smelting process, eliminates the burning of the metal bottom of the reactor and ensures the reliability of its operation.

Thus, the implementation of the claimed invention allows you to create a production line for producing a melt from ash and slag of TPPs, cullet and basalt rocks in an electromagnetic technological reactor to the required temperature, draining the dosed jet of melt in cyclic or continuous modes with further processing of the melt stream into fibers and producing heat-insulating them materials.

From the prior art in patent and scientific and technical literature, the applicant has not identified information containing a combination of features similar or equivalent, which are set forth in the claims of the present invention.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of an electromagnetic process reactor; figure 2 is a transverse section (aa) of the electromagnetic process reactor of figure 1 with a connection diagram; figure 3 - device output melt.

An electromagnetic process reactor is designed to melt basaltic rocks and discharge a dosed melt jet. The reactor contains a reaction chamber 1 made in the form of a hexagon in cross section. The side walls of the reaction chamber 1 are made of non-magnetic material - stainless steel and consist of twelve water-cooled sections isolated from each other. The reaction chamber 1 has a lid 2 and a bottom 3 with water cooling. The supply of cooling water is carried out from below by separate hoses (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2) through control valves from the common collector (not shown in FIGS. 1, 2). The bottom 3 and the cover 2 have two inlet nozzles and one outlet (not shown in FIGS. 1, 2) for uniform distribution of cooling. Inside the reaction chamber 1 at the same distance from its longitudinal axis at an angle of 120 ° to each other are three rod electrodes 4, which are installed at an angle of 5-7 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the chamber. The reaction chamber 1 is equipped with an additionally mounted rod electrode 5 located in the center and longitudinally of the camera axis, with the possibility of movement: raising and lowering. Outside, the reaction chamber 1 is surrounded by an electromagnet consisting of a closed yoke with three pole tips symmetrically located 6 with series windings 7 located on them to create a transverse magnetic field inside the chamber and when an electric current flows through them. One terminal of each series winding 7 is connected to a power source 8, and the other terminal to each of the rod electrodes 4. The power source 8 is a three-phase thyristor regulated power source operating in the current source mode. The reactor is additionally equipped with a power source 9 operating in the constant current source mode, a thyristor converter, to which an additionally mounted rod electrode 5 and a device for removing melt 10 are connected, which is installed in the center of the bottom 3 of the reaction chamber 1 and consists of a notch 11 (see figure 3) for outputting a jet of melt installed in the housing 12, which are inserted into the housing 13 of the water-cooled holder and are fixed from below by a clamp for fixing 14. This design of the device for outputting the melt 10 provides reliability of its operation, ease of use when draining the melt and replacing the notch 11. Due to changes in the current passing through the melt between the additionally mounted rod electrode 5 and the notch 11, when the electrode 5 is lifted and the current is passed through the circuit: an additional power source 9 - melt - let 11 with the possibility of regulating the current in this circuit, it is possible to regulate the current in the melt between the electrode 5 and the notch 11 and the ability to control the heating temperature of the notch 11 and the melt jet flowing from it, as well as stable of fluidity and viscosity of the jet of the flowing melt by equipping the reactor with an additional power source 9. The device for outputting the melt 10 is located at the level of the lined bottom 15 of the reaction chamber 1. The housing 12, in which the notch 11 is installed, is made of electrode graphite, and the notch 11 is made made of siliconized dense graphite, while the case 12 and the notch 11 are coated with an antifriction composition based on zirconium dioxide. A thermocouple 16 is installed in the housing 13 of the water-cooled holder 16 to fix the heating temperature, and in the clamp for fixing 14 there is water cooling 17 (in Fig. 3, the thermocouple 16 and water cooling 17 are shown by a dotted line). In the lid 2 there is a device for inputting processed materials — a pipe 18 and a pipe for exhausting gases (the latter is not shown in FIGS. 1, 2). The bottom 3 of the reaction chamber 1 is equipped with a lining 19 of cross-bricks (chromomagnesite bricks) installed with an inclination from the side walls of the reactor to the center of the bottom 3 of the reaction chamber 1 to the level of the device for outputting the melt 10. The cross-section bricks with bottom 3 are glued with carborundum on liquid glass. Such a lining of the bottom of the reaction chamber 1 of the reactor eliminates the possibility of burning the metal bottom of the reactor with molten metal and ensures the removal of the reduced metal from the oxides contained in the charge during melting.

The electromagnetic process reactor is as follows.

Through the pipe 18 into the reaction chamber 1 serves crushed processed material - basalt rock or other with particle sizes up to 5-8 mm In the central part of the reaction chamber 1, a flat layer of finely dispersed conductive material is formed between the basalt layers, for example graphite powder, which closes the three rod electrodes 4. Then a three-phase thyristor regulated power supply is connected 8. The conduction current flows through the graphite layer, heats it and transfers heat to the nearby basalt layers . As a result, the initial lens of the electrically conductive melt is formed, which gradually grows and bridges three rod electrodes 4. Next, the ohmic heating of the melt occurs by conduction currents, and a working melting zone of the reaction chamber 1 is formed. During the start-up of the electromagnetic technological reactor and its operation, the current increases from a minimum to a working one using a power source 8. To drain the melt from the reaction chamber 1, an additionally installed rod is raised th graphite electrode 5, this opens a hole in the groove 11. When the melt flow is sufficient for free flow of the jet from the hole of the groove 11, the additionally mounted rod electrode 5 remains in the raised position in the melt inside the reaction chamber 1. If the melt stream does not flow freely from notches 11, then the additionally installed rod electrode 5 is lowered and overlaps the central hole of the notches 11 and in this position, further heating of the melt continues from the main power source 8. If and raising the additionally installed rod electrode 5, the melt stream stably flows out from the notch 11, then this electrode 5 remains in a raised position so that its lower end is in the melt inside the reaction chamber 1. If, during the melt draining from the reaction chamber 1, the melt stream from the notch 11, changes its diameter or becomes intermittent, then an additionally installed power supply 9 is turned on, from which current begins to flow along the circuit: an additionally installed rod electrode 5 is avletka 11, while the melt and letka 11 are additionally heated, the temperature, fluidity and viscosity of the melt jet flowing from the opening of the notch 11 installed in the device for outputting the melt of reaction chamber 1 are increased. Tests of the operation of the technological reactor showed that stable flow out is achieved at the optimum temperature of the melt jet, equal to 1400-1500 ° C. The temperature of the jet was recorded by an optical pyrometer (not shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3) and a thermocouple 16 built into the housing 13 of the water-cooled holder, in which the notch 11 is installed. When the melt stream is stable, the additional power supply 9 is turned off.

An electromagnetic technological reactor was tested for melting basaltic rocks of various deposits, including basaltic rock of the Vasilievsky deposit of the Kemerovo region. When preparing basaltic rocks without special sieving, the fine fractions during melt form a crust on top of the melt, which affects the mixing of the melt. When using basalt chips of a large fraction of 5-8 mm in size, a crust does not form on the melt.

In the process of testing, various refractory materials were tested for lining the bottom 3 of the reaction chamber 1 of the electromagnetic process reactor. It was found that some refractory materials, such as a mortar, a mixture of 40% mortar and 60% chromomagnesite, are melted with the reduced metal of the melt, which causes the burner of the bottom body 3 of the reaction chamber 1 to burn. Finally, the lining of the bottom 3 of the reactor from the cross-bricks was chosen (chromomagnesite bricks) mounted obliquely from the side walls of the reactor to the central hole of the bottom 3 of the reaction chamber 1 so that the upper level of the notch 11 and the lining 19 coincide (Fig.2, 3). This makes it possible to periodically drain the accumulated molten metal through the recess 11 when opening its drain hole by raising the additionally installed rod electrode 5. In the process, there were no difficulties in heating the recess 11 and the flow of the melt stream. The melt stream is heated from an additionally installed DC power source 9, with the following parameters: open circuit voltage 140 V, adjustable value of the operating current 0-300 A. The average duration of the melt set up inside the reaction chamber 1 is 25-35 minutes. The melt discharge time with a notch diameter of 10-11 mm is 4-5 minutes. During one discharge of the melt flows 60-90 kg. After draining the melt and cooling of the letka 11, graphite burning was observed in the lower part from the interaction with atmospheric air. When coating the doors 11 together with the housing 12 with an antifriction refractory composition based on zirconia, no burning was observed.

The proposed electromagnetic process reactor in comparison with the prototype (Kazakhstan patent KZ No. 13473, IPC Н05В 7/18, publ. September 15, 2003, Bull. No. 9) has the following advantages:

- installation of the rod electrodes of the reactor at an angle of 5-7 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the reaction chamber ensures uniform conical wear of the ends of the electrodes in the melt;

- equipping the reaction chamber with an additional installed rod electrode located in the center and longitudinally of its axis, connected to an additional installed power source, when it is lifted and the current is passed through the circuit: an additional power source - a melt - notch with the ability to control the current in this circuit provides temperature control heating the letki and the melt jet flowing from the letka, stabilizes the fluidity and viscosity of the melt jet and the operation of the device as a whole;

- lining the bottom of the reaction chamber with cross bricks installed with an inclination from the side walls of the reactor to the center of the bottom of the reaction chamber to the upper level of the notch, removes the reduced metal from the oxides contained in the charge during melting, and eliminates the possibility of burning the metal bottom of the reactor;

- the design of the device for outputting the processed products - the melt, which includes the body, tap hole, water-cooled clip, clamp for fixing, ensures the reliability of its operation, ease of use when draining the melt and replacing the tap hole.

All of the above main advantages of the claimed design of the technological electromagnetic reactor ensure the reliability of its operation and the entire technological line as a whole, improve the quality of products - thermal insulation materials.

Claims (5)

1. Electromagnetic process reactor, mainly for melting mineral components, containing a reaction chamber having a bottom, side walls and a cover, input devices for processed materials and output of processed products, rod electrodes placed in the reaction chamber at the same distance from its longitudinal axis, an electromagnet in the form of a closed yoke enclosing the reaction chamber with three symmetrical pole tips, on which series windings are located with the possibility of creating of a magnetic field and with an electric current flowing through them, one terminal of each winding is connected to the electrode, and the other to a power source operating in the current source mode, characterized in that the reaction chamber is equipped with an additional rod electrode located in the center and longitudinally axis, with the possibility of its movement: raising and lowering, and when lowering it closing the holes in the device for outputting the melt and its additional heating, the device for outputting the melt is set to the bottom of the reaction chamber and consists of a recess for withdrawing the melt installed in the housing, which are inserted into the housing of the water-cooled holder and fixed with a bottom clamp, and the rod electrodes of the reactor are installed at an angle of 5-7 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the reaction chamber, while the reactor is additionally equipped with a source power supply, operating in the mode of a direct current source, to which an additionally installed rod electrode is connected. 2. The electromagnetic process reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for outputting the melt is placed at the level of the lined bottom of the reaction chamber. 3. The electromagnetic technological reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that in the reactor an additionally installed DC power supply is connected to the taphole for outputting the melt with the possibility of regulating the current passing through the melt between the additionally installed electrode and the taphole in the circuit: DC power supply - melt - letka, as well as with the ability to control the temperature of the heating of the notch flowing from the notch of the jet of melt with regulation of the stable fluidity of the jet of melt of the letka. 4. The electromagnetic technological reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing in which the notch is installed is made of electrode graphite, and the notch itself is of siliconized dense graphite, while the housing and the notch are coated with antifriction refractory composition based on zirconium dioxide. 5. The electromagnetic process reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the reaction chamber is equipped with a cross-brick lining mounted with an inclination from the side walls of the reactor to the center of the bottom.

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