RU2355651C2 - Plant for obtaining mineral fusion by plasma heating - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to construction materials manufacture, and is meant for producing fibres possessing thermal and sound proofing properties, and namely for manufacturing glass wool from infusible mineral fusions by using plasma technology. Plant consists of a plasmotron, circular-section plasma reactor attached thereto, device for supplying mixture of powdered raw material and air, and additional fusion module with outlet taphole. Device for supplying powdered raw material and air is made in the form of a volute with a helical channel. Graphite electrode is installed at the module bottom. Cathode of plasmotron is connected to negative pole of direct current power supply. There is a partition in the module, which divides the module into two zones: a big one - welding zone, and a small one - fusion manufacture zone. Module and partition are made from fireproof material. Increase of action time of plasma jet on mineral raw material and fusion provides uniform and sufficient fusion viscosity throughout the way till fibres are stretched.

EFFECT: simplifying plant design, and reducing energy consumption.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of production of building materials and can be used to obtain refractory mineral melts by plasma technology in the production of fibers having heat and sound insulating properties, in particular in the manufacture of glass wool.

Plasma technologies and installations are widely used in the construction industry. Their use in the production of mineral fibers is due to several advantages in comparison with traditional technologies, when the melt is carried out in traditional melting units (cupolas, electric melting furnaces). Such advantages include a reduction in energy costs and time for the charge melt in comparison with traditional technologies, a more complete use of the energy expended.

A known installation for producing refractory mineral melts of superthin, mainly basalt fiber according to the patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2214371, IPC С03В 37/06, which contains a receiver of refractory mineral melts in the form of a stabilizer funnel. The stabilizer funnel is connected to the top of the pyramidal reactor with a conical working cavity, which communicates via through channels with sections of the plasma torch. Each section of the plasma torch is made in the form of a plasma torch connected under excessive pressure to a source of gaseous energy carrier. The base of the pyramidal reactor is connected to a water-cooled spacer having a hollow jacket connected to a water supply source and a refractory lining forming a vertical feed channel. The vertical feed channel is connected to the upper zone of the diffuser of the blasting head. The blasting head has tangential nozzles in the zone of extraction of the diffuser fiber, connected through an annular distributing collector to a supply pipeline under pressure of a hot gaseous energy carrier. The melt stream enters the conical working cavity of the reactor through a funnel-stabilizer from the melting furnace. Here it heats up under the influence of jets of high-temperature plasma. The melt stream heated to a drawing temperature of a superthin fiber enters the lower zone of the diffuser drawing, where, under the action of a heated gaseous energy carrier, it is dispersed onto unbound particles that are drawn into a superthin fiber. Although energy is spent on the melt less than with cupola or electrothermal methods, the energy consumption for the melt of mineral material using this installation remains high.

Known installations for producing mineral fibers by plasma heating, in which the dispersed mineral material is supplied to a plasma reactor, which is both a melting unit and a device for blowing or overflowing the melt into the collector. A device that implements the method of producing mineral fiber by plasma heating according to the patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2060977, IPC С03В 37/04, contains a cylindrical open vessel (reactor) configured to rotate at a speed of at least 4500-5000 rpm, a plasma torch and a dosed device charge supply. The temperature of the inner surface of the reactor exceeds the melting temperature of the material by 300-600 ° C. The glass melting process in this known device takes place in a thin layer of melt moving in a centrifugal force field along the inner walls of the reactor. The disadvantage of this known device is low productivity, low security. Installation for producing mineral wool according to the patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2270810, IPC С03В 37/06 contains a combined plasma reactor, which includes a rod cathode and a cylindrical graphite anode. The latter simultaneously serves as a crucible in the melt of the charge. In the lower part of the reactor, a tray for the flow of the melt is made. Outside the reactor, in its middle part, an electromagnetic coil is installed, which creates a magnetic field for rotation of the electric arc in the cross section of the reactor chamber. The installation allows to achieve a uniform temperature profile from 1400 to 1600 K and to reduce the time for obtaining the melt. The disadvantages are increased energy consumption.

Closest to the claimed installation is the installation for producing mineral fiber to the RF patent for the invention No. 2021217, IPC С03В 37/06, which is adopted as a prototype. The installation comprises an electric arc plasmatron connected in one assembly and a rectangular plasma reactor with an opening in the upper part for introducing raw materials in the form of a powder or glazing bead and an opening in the lower part for the exit of fiber and plasma jet. One of the walls of the plasma reactor in the lower part has an inclined platform and is configured to move in a plane parallel to the vertical axis of the reactor. In this case, the hole for the input of raw materials is located in the vertical upper part of this wall, and the hole for the exit of the fiber and the plasma jet is formed by an inclined platform and the walls of the plasma reactor. On the inner surfaces of the walls of the reactor, in addition to the wall with an inclined platform, there is a non-through perforation. In the walls of the plasma reactor channels are made for the flow of coolant. From the interaction of the plasma jet with holes through holes, acoustic vibrations are formed, which determine the alignment of the temperature and velocity distribution of the plasma jet over the cross section of the reactor. The plasma jet presses the incoming feed into the internal cavity to the inclined platform and melts it. The molten mass flows under the influence of gravity and a plasma jet along an inclined platform. Improving the quality of the obtained fiber occurs due to the alignment of the temperature and velocity distribution of the plasma jet over the cross section of the reactor. Since the raw material powder is introduced directly into the plasma jet, due to the high plasma flow rate, the powder particles do not have time to penetrate into the central high-temperature regions of the plasma jet. The capture of powder particles by the peripheral region of the plasma jet leads to insufficient heating and uneven pressing of the raw material to the inclined platform. Uneven heating warms the quality of the resulting fibers. The speed of the plasma jet provided by the device by moving the wall with an inclined platform either deep into the plasma reactor or vice versa complicates the design of the installation and the melt process itself.

The objective of the invention is to simplify the installation for producing a mineral melt by plasma heating and, at low energy consumption, to ensure uniform heating of the raw material to obtain high-quality mineral fiber.

The technical result consists in increasing the time of exposure of the plasma jet to mineral raw materials and ensuring uniform sufficient viscosity of the melt all the way to stretching the fibers.

The technical result is achieved as follows. Installation for producing mineral fibers, containing, like the prototype, connected into one node an electric arc plasmatron and a plasma reactor with an opening in the upper part of the casing for introducing powdered raw materials into the reactor and an opening in the lower part for the exit of the melt and the plasma jet, while in the wall of the casing the plasma reactor has a water cooling channel, in contrast to the prototype according to the invention further comprises a device for supplying powdered raw materials and air, mounted under the plasma torch on the body of the entire plasma reactor, and the additional melt module with an outlet notch in its lateral part, mounted under the plasma reactor, an electrode is mounted at the bottom of the module, which is connected to the positive pole of the DC source and is the anode of the plasma torch, and the cathode of the plasma torch is connected to the negative pole of the DC source while the device for supplying powdered raw materials and air is made in the form of a cochlea, and its spiral channel is docked with an opening on the reactor vessel, in addition, the plasma actor is circular in cross-section, and water cooling channel - annular.

The additional melt module is made of refractory material and is equipped with a vertical transverse partition with an opening in its lower part.

Thus, the hallmarks of the claimed installation from the prototype, confirming the novelty of the device, claimed as an invention, are the following:

- there is an additional device for supplying powdered raw materials and air, mounted under the plasma torch on the plasma reactor housing;

- it is made in the form of a snail, the spiral channel of which is docked with an opening on the reactor vessel;

- an additional melt module with an outlet notch in its lateral part is installed under the plasma reactor;

- an electrode is mounted in the bottom of the module, which is connected to the positive pole of the direct current source and is the anode of the plasma torch, and the plasma torch body is connected to the negative pole of the direct current source;

- the melt module is made of refractory material;

- the module is equipped with a vertical transverse partition with a hole in its lower part;

- the plasma reactor is made round in cross section;

- water-cooling channel is made circular.

When voltage is applied to the electrodes of the plasma torch, the plasma-forming gas is initiated into the plasma arc. The raw material powder entering the cochlear-shaped device with air is twisted in a spiral channel and, entering the plasma reactor, continues to spin by inertia in the plasma stream. As a result of such torsion, it is longer in the plasma stream and, under the influence of high temperature, it uniformly warms up, melts, and flows in small portions into the additional melt module. When swelling to the bottom of the module, the melt gradually increases and forms an electrically conductive mass, the temperature of which does not decrease due to the current flowing through it. Thus, a uniform and sufficient viscosity of the melt is created without attracting additional energy.

The invention meets the condition of patentability "inventive step", since it does not explicitly follow from the prior art.

Firstly, the proposed set of distinctive features is not identified from the prior art. Secondly, a new way to solve the problem, not known from the prior art, is proposed. In the device according to patent No. 2060977, to obtain high-quality fibers, a thin layer of melt moving in the field of centrifugal force along the inner walls of the reactor is obtained. To obtain high-quality mineral fiber in the prototype (patent No. 2021217) due to acoustic vibrations equalize the temperature and speed of distribution of the plasma jet over the cross section of the reactor. In the installation according to patent No. 2270810, a uniform temperature profile is achieved due to the rotation of the electric arc in the cross section of the reactor chamber in a magnetic field created by an electromagnetic coil mounted outside the reactor. In both cases, the plasma jet is directly exposed. In the inventive device, uniform heating of the dispersed material is obtained by increasing its residence time in the plasma stream.

In Fig.1 shows a General view of the inventive device, in Fig. 2 - section aa.

The installation comprises a plasma torch 1, a circular circular section reactor 2 docked with it, a device for supplying powdered raw materials and air 3, mounted on the housing of the plasma reactor 2 under the plasma torch 1, and an additional melt module 4 with an outlet tap 5. Device for supplying powder raw materials and air 3 is made in the form of a cochlea with a spiral channel. The body of the plasma reactor is made hollow with the formation of an annular channel 6, into which cooling water is supplied through the pipe 7, and the waste water is discharged through the pipe 8. A graphite electrode 9 is mounted at the bottom of module 4 and is connected to the positive pole of a direct current source (not shown). The cathode of the plasma torch 1 is connected to the negative pole of the DC power source. A plasma arc 10 is formed between the anode and cathode. At 11 in FIG. 1 shows the raw material fed to the melt swirling inside a plasma reactor. The partition 12 has an opening 13 and divides the module into two zones: the larger - cooking zone 14 and the smaller - melt production zone 15. The module and the partition are made of refractory material.

The inventive installation meets the criterion of "industrial applicability", since it can be repeatedly implemented to achieve the specified technical result.

The operation of the installation is as follows. Voltage is applied to the electrodes. A plasma arc is formed between the cathode and the anode during the ignition process. To avoid overheating of the walls of the plasma reactor, water is supplied to the annular channel 6. Inside the plasma reactor 2, using air through the device 3 serves powder refractory mineral material. Having passed through the spiral channel, the powder swirls and, getting inside the plasma reactor 2, continues to spin in the plasma stream 10. During torsion it uniformly warms up, melts and flows into module 4. The melt that accumulates in the module not only does not cool down, but also subjected to additional joint heating: by a plasma arc 10 and Joule heating due to the electrical conductivity of the melt. The highest temperature of the melt is achieved in the zone of development 15, therefore, in the case of penetration of non-melted particles on the surface of the melt in the cooking zone 14, they are melted in this zone. Through the hole in the partition 13, the melt flows into the zone of development 15. The output of the melt is carried out through the outlet notch 5.

Claims (3)

1. Installation for producing a mineral melt by plasma heating, comprising an electric arc plasmatron and a plasma reactor connected to one assembly with an opening in the upper part of the housing for introducing powdered raw materials into the reactor and an opening in the lower part for the exit of the melt and plasma jet, while in the wall of the plasma housing The reactor has a water-cooling channel, characterized in that it further comprises a device for supplying powdered raw materials and air, mounted under a plasma torch on the plasma housing reactor, and an additional melt module with an outlet notch in its lateral part, mounted under the plasma reactor, an electrode is mounted in the bottom of the module, which is connected to the positive pole of the direct current source and is the anode of the plasma torch, and the cathode of the plasma torch is connected to the negative pole of the direct current source, the device for supplying powdered raw materials and air is made in the form of a cochlea, and its spiral channel is docked with an opening on the reactor vessel, in addition, the plasma reactor It is filled with a circular cross-section, and the water-cooling channel is circular. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional melt module is made of refractory material. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional melt module is provided with a vertical transverse partition with an opening in its lower part.

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